Whattman Paper - hindi siya ganun ka-hygroscopic than other paper; higher values, smaller pores.Precipitating agent - ammonia, magnesium chloride.Volatile electrolyte - ethanolPrecipitate - Magnesium pyrophosphate

Iron:precipitate - iron oxide; solid - iron and oxide-->nung nagdagdag ng hydroxide, dumikit siya sa iron. siya na yung primary layer-->other ions in solution form the 2nd layer --> NH4+, H+ (counter ion layer)-->called electric double layer-->overall charge of colloid --> predominantly positive-->coagulation does not happen spontaneously --> washing, heating, stirring, etc.-->after ignition, naging ferric oxide siya

Magnesium pyrophosphate-->ammonium is in excess, thus becoming primary layer (should be in common with core).-->counter ion layer is nitrate