e111 asset tool user 8.0 (lte)_original_final

8/13/2019 E111 Asset Tool User 8.0 (LTE)_original_Final

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2012 AIRCOM International Ltd

Tigo Bolivia Training of Asset and Capessoby Ishan Marwah


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2 2012 AIRCOM International Ltd

Introductions

About me

Ishan Marwah graduated in Electronics and Communication majors ofTelecommunications

With Aircom for over 3+ years, working as Senior Consultant for Pre Sales ,Training and Technologies.

Overall 5 + years in the industry having worked in LTE , UMTS / HSPA andTransmission.

Previously been with Vodafone.

Now about you

Name

Job you do.

How long you have been working in Telecoms

What you expect from this training and whether you have worked with Asset

Welcome


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Introduction

Welcome, this course is specifically designed for theEngineers who wish to learn LTE Network planning &designing of using ASSET V8.0 and optimizing thenetwork using CAPESSO V5.11..

This course is classroom based being covered in 5 days.The day wise schedule is :

Day 1Monday - Asset LTE

Day 2Tuesday - Asset LTEDay 3Wednesday - Asset LTEDay 4Thursday - CapessoDay 5Friday - CapessoCase studies


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Course Objectives

At the end of this course youll be able to:

Have a basic understanding of the ENTERPRISE database

Define new projects or use existing projects

Understand how to use the Geographic Information System (GIS)

Create and use vectors and polygons

Set up an LTE Network

Use fields, filters and visualisers Perform coverage planning

Model and spread traffic

Perform neighbour planning

Create and view an Interference Table

Perform static frequency planning

Plan the Physical Cell IDs Use the Simulator

Generate reports


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Course Structure

Day 1 (AM)

Introduction to Enterprise

Setting up a new project

Using the GIS, Visual

Tools

Day 1 (PM)

Using the GIS, Visual Tools

Vectors and Polygons

Setting up a LTE Network


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Course Structure

Day 2 (AM)


Fields, Filters &

Visualisers

Creating Predictions

Day 2 (PM)

Displaying Coverage

Model and spread traffic

Planning Neighbours


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Course Structure

Day 3 (AM)

Plan Frequencies

Plan Physical Cell IDs

Use the Simulator

Day 3 (PM)

Use the Simulator

Generating Reports

Course evaluation and

feedback


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Session 02



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Session Objectives

During this session you will learn about:

The ENTERPRISE tools suite

The ENTERPRISE database and its contents

The two-stage commit concept


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The ENTERPRISE Tools Suite

Administrator - For configuring the database, projects & users

ADVANTAGE - For automatic cell planning and optimisation

ARRAYWIZARD - Automated coverage prediction tool

ASSET - Radio network planning for cellular networks CONNECT - Transmission and microwave link planning

DATASAFE - Configuration management solution

DIRECT - Transmission planning and dimensioning

OPTIMA - Network performance monitoring

RANOPT - Drive Test Analysis

WEBWIZARD - Web-based GIS and report distribution


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The Enterprise Database

Integrated solution: 1 Platform, 1 GIS

Oracle 10g/11g Database

Database contents Project definition settings Network Elements : Properties, eNodeBs, Cells Frequency Bands, Frame Structures, Carriers Propagation Models Neighbours, Antenna radiation patterns etc.

Database Organisation Configuration Data Site Data Link Data

MSC

BSC

Site

Cell

SubCell

Carrier-layer

Antenna Slot

Prop Model

Antenna

Chan-to-Car Map

System Carriers

ReUse Groups

Interference Wgts

LAC


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The Enterprise Database

Two-stage commit:

Difference Tables: Contain provisional applied changes relevant toeach user.

If a change has been applied it can be restored.

Commit Tables: Contain the master set of committed dataaccessible to all users.

The Wastebasket

Two stage delete.

Deletions go to wastebasket.


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Session 03

Setting up the Project


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Session Objectives

In this session you will learn how to:

Start the ENTERPRISE suite application

Login to the ENTERPRISE database

Understand Project Settings

Set up the project with the appropriate co-ordinatesand map data directories


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Launching Enterprise

Starting ENTERPRISE

Logging into a database


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Project Settings

Creating a New Project

Coordinate System

Map and User data directories

Map Data extents

Region Load

Starting the project The Message Log


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Session 04

Using the GIS

and Other Visual Tools


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Session Objectives

During this session you will learn about:

Opening a new GIS window

Displaying different map data categories

Using the Zoom and Panning functions

Adding tooltips

Saving and editing favourites

Searching the Map View window with the Quick Finder

Using the Map Information window to view map data


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Using the GIS Map View

Opening the 2D View window

Map View toolbar

Displaying Map data

Key/Legend

Selecting items on the Map & Zooming


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Distance (Dimensioning) Tool Box withMAP Grid & Scale


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Using the GIS Map View

Printing Maps

2D View Context menu

Screentips,

Favourites, Quick Finder

Map View Gadgets


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Setting Display characteristics

Display of Sceentips


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WEB MAP


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WEB MAP ConfigurationWMS Services are configured in ENTERPRISE Administrator:


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GIS Export


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Session 05

Vectors and Polygons


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Session Objectives

In this session you will learn about:

Creating user vector

Adding features to a vector

Adding attributes to a polygon

Viewing attributes

Importing vector/polygon data


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Vectors And Polygons

Use of Polygons and Vectors

Vector Manager

Creating a User Vectors

1. Create Vector Structure

2. Draw the Vector

3. Assign Attributes values


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Adding attributes to a Polygon


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Vectors And PolygonsDraw the Vector


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Select a shape

Draw a polygon

Insert a point

Move a shape

Draw a Vector

Move a point

Delete a point

Delete a Shape

Draw a point

Add Text

Append Existing

polygon

Insert a Point


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Vectors And PolygonsAssign Attribute Values


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Creating Holes or Islands for Polygons


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LTE Air Interface Overview


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E-UTRAN Architecture

The E-UTRAN has a new element,

the eNB, which provides the E-UTRA user plane and control planeterminations toward the UE.

A new interface called X2 connectsthe eNodeBs, eliminating the needfor RNCs.

The E-UTRAN is connected to theEPC through the S1 interface, whichconnects the eNBs to the Mobility

Management Entity (MME) andServing Gateway (S-GW)elements through a many-to-manyrelationship.


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LTE Functional Elements - eNodeB

eNBeNodeB

Radio ResourceManagement

Bearer & Admissioncontrol

RF MeasurementReporting

Scheduling

Dynamic resourceallocation to UEs

Transmission ofPages & broadcastinformation

Network AccessSecurity (PDCP)

IP headercompression

Ciphering of userdata stream

EPC NetworkSelection

MME Selection at UEattachment

User Plane routing toSAE-GW

Combines the functionality of the UMTS NodeB & RNC


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LTE Functional Elements - MME

MME

MobilityManagement

Entity

EPC AccessAttachment &Service Request

Security &Authentication

Mobility

MME Selection forIntra-LTE handovers

SGSN Selection for3GPP I-RATHandover

UE Tracking andReach-ability

Tracking Area ListManagement (idle oractive)

Bearermanagement

Dedicated bearerestablishment

PDN GW & SAE-GWselection

Equivalent to the SGSN for the Control Plane


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LTE Functional Elements S-GW

S-GWSAE Gateway

Packet routing &forwarding

between EPC &eUTRAN

Local MobilityAnchor for Inter

eNB handover

I-RAT Mobility

Anchor Function 3GPP 2G/3G Handover

Optimized HandoverProcedures (e.g. inLTE-CDMA)

LawfulInterception

Equivalent to the SGSN for the User Plane


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LTE Functional Elements P-GW

P-GWPDN Gateway

UE IP address

allocation

Policyenforcement

(QoS)

Chargingsupport

LawfulInterception

Mobility Anchorbetween 3GPP

& non-3GPPaccess systems

Equivalent to the GGSN


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LTE Radio Key Performance Targets

Peak data rates 20 MHz bandwidth R9 (R10 100MHz?)

DL: 100 Mbps, UL: 50 Mbps (without using MIMO )

Uniformity of provision of services

Increased Cell-Edge bit rate (sustain interference)

Mobility Support

Up to 50 kmph, Optimised for low speeds (0-15 kmph)

Reduced latency with quick response time

< 100 ms control plane, < 5 ms user plane

Coverage (Cell Size)

5 to 100 km with slight degradation after 30 km

Multipath Resilience , OFDMA based Air interface

Simplified network architecture (eNB = NB + RRM)

Reasonable UE power consumption


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E-UTRA Bands and E-ARFCNE-UTRA

Band

Bandwidth

UL (MHz)

E-ARFCN

UL

Bandwidth

DL (MHz)

E-ARFCN

DL

Duplex

Mode

1 1920-1980 13000 13599 2110-2170 0 599 FDD2 1850-1910 13600 14199 1930-1990 600 - 1199 FDD

3 1710-1785 14200 14949 1805-1880 1200 1949 FDD

4 1710-1755 14950 15399 2110-2155 1950 2399 FDD

5 824-849 15400 15649 869-894 2400 2649 FDD

6 830-840 15650 15749 875-885 2650 2749 FDD

7 2500-2570 15750 16449 2620-2690 2750 3449 FDD

8 880-915 16450 16799 925-960 3450 3799 FDD

9 1749.9-1784.9 16800 17149 1844.9-1879.9 3800 4149 FDD

10 1710-1770 17150 17749 2110-2170 4150 4749 FDD11 1427.9-1452.9 17750 17999 1475.9-1500.9 4750 4999 FDD

12 698-716 18000 18179 728-746 5000 5179 FDD

13 777-787 18180 18279 746-756 5180 5279 FDD

14 788-798 18280 18379 758-768 5280 5379 FDD

...

33 1900-1920 26000 26199 1900-1920 26000 26199 TDD

34 2010-2025 26200 26349 2010-2025 26200 26349 TDD

35 1850-1910 26350

26949 1850-1910 26350

26949 TDD36 1930-1990 26950 27549 1930-1990 26950 27549 TDD

37 1910-1930 27550 27749 1910-1930 27550 27749 TDD

38 2570-2620 27750 28249 2570-2620 27750 28249 TDD

39 1880-1920 28250 28649 1880-1920 28250 28649 TDD

40 2300-2400 28650 29649 2300-2400 28650 29649 TDD


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E-UTRA Bands and Channel Bandwidths

E-UTRA bands are regulated to

allow operations in only certainset of Channel Bandwidths

which are defined as

The RF bandwidth

supporting a single E-UTRA

RF carrier with the

transmission bandwidth

configured in the UL or DL

Supported Channels (non-overlapping)

E-UTRA

Band

Downlink

Bandwidth

Channel Bandwidth (MHZ)

1.4 3 5 10 15 201 60 - - 12 6 4 3

2 60 42 20 12 6 4* 3*

3 75 53 23 15 7 5* 3*

4 45 32 15 9 4 3 2

5 25 17 8 5 2* - -

6 10 - - 2 1* X X

7 70 - - 14 7 4 3*

8 35 25 11 7 3* - -

9 35 - - 7 3 2* 1*

10 60 - - 12 6 4 3

11 25 - - 5 2* 1* 1*

12 18 12 6 3* 1* - X

13 10 7 3 2* 1* X X

14 10 7 3 2* 1* X X

...

33 20 - - 4 2 1 1

34 15 - - 3 1 1 X35 60 42 20 12 6 4 3

36 60 42 20 12 6 4 3

37 20 - - 4 2 1 1

38 50 - - 10 5 - -

39 40 - - 8 4 3 2

40 100 - - - 10 6 5

* UE receiver sensitivity can be relaxed

X Channel bandwidth too wide for the band

- Not supported

RBSCNULsymbN


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Channel and Transmission Bandwidths

Transmission Bandwidth is defined as the

bandwidth of an instantaneoustransmission from a UE or BS, measured

in Resource Blocks(RBs = 180KHz)

Any transmission bandwidth ranging

from 1 -20 MHz is allowed in steps of

180 kHz (Resource block Configuration)

Transmission

Bandwidth [RB]

Transmission Bandwidth Configuration [RB]

Channel Bandwidth [MHz]

Res

ourceblock

Channeledge

Channeledge

DC carrier (downlink only)Active Resource Blocks

Channel Bandwidth

(MHz)

1.4 3 5 10 15 20

Transmission

Bandwidth

configuration (NRB)

6 15 25 50 75 100

Transmission

Bandwidth (MHz)

1.08 2.7 4.5 9 13.5 18

Bandwidth

Efficiency (%)

77 90 90 90 90 90


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Why SC-FDMA

One of the major problems with OFDMA is, that the

transformation of a complex symbol (e.g. BPSK, QPSK, etc.) ontoa small set of subcarriers produces a quite big ratio between themaximum power and the averaged power (PAPR = Peak-to-Average Power Ratio).

This results in requirements for expensive transmission amplifiersespecially on mobile side. It is thus a major design goal to limit

this effect. Another variant of OFDMA is used to reduce the PAPR for lower

RF hardware requirements. It is called SC-FDMA (SingleCarrier Frequency Division Multiple Access).

This mechanism can reduce the PAPR of 6..9 dB compared to

normal OFDMA. SC-FDMA is one option in 802.16d and it is the method selected

for EUTRAN in the uplink direction.


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Multiple Access ULSC-OFDMAin the LTE Uplink

SC-FDMA transmits the four QPSK data symbols from a user in series at four times the rate, with

each data symbol occupying N x 15 kHz bandwidth.

Signal more like single carrier with each data symbol being represented by one wide symbol

Occupied bandwidth same as OFDMA but crucially, the PAPR is the same as that used for originaldata symbol

Sl t St t d Ph i l R


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Slot Structure and Physical Resources

Resource Grid (RG)

Consisting of subcarriers and symbolsin frequency and timedomain, respectively. One subcarrier =15 kHz

Resource Element (RE)

1 subcarrierX 1 modulated symbol

Resource Block (RB\PRB)

12 subcarriers over a slot duration of 0.5 ms. One subcarrier =15 kHz, thus 180 kHz per RB.

Cyclic

Prefix

Subcarrier

Spacing

Link

Direction

# of

Subcarrier

s

# of

Symbols

Normal 15 DL 12 7

Extended 15 DL 12 6

Extended 7.5 DL 24 3

Normal 15 UL 12 7

Extended 15 UL 12 6

Bandwidth

(MHz)

1.4 3 5 10 15 20

# of RBs 6 15 25 50 75 100

Subcarriers 72 180 300 600 900 1200

R f h G d P i d


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Reuse of the Guard Period

There is the possibility to use the lost transmission time during the

Guard Period by repeating part of the symbol during this period.

Cyclic Prefix (CP): The cyclic prefix is filling the final part of the guard period.It simply consists of the last part of the following symbol.

To each OFDM symbol, a cyclic prefix (CP) is appended as guard timedepending on whether extended or normal cyclic prefix is configured. Theextended cyclic prefix is able to cover larger cell sizes with higher delayspread of the radio channel.

Ts TgTcp

time

TsymbolCP CS

Ts TgTcp

TsymbolCP CS

T

OFDMA d Th h t


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OFDMA and Throughputs

15kHzTo symbol rate of 1/15KHz = 66.7us

Therefore 15 Kilosymbols per second

For 20Mhz bandwidth (1200 carriers)

symbol rate = 1200 x 15= 18Msps

Each symbol using 64 QAM (6 bits)

Total peak rate =

18 Msps x 6 bits = 108Mbps

Subtract overhead and coding and add

gains (MIMO)

66.7us

Each symbol

2 bits(QPSK), 4 Bits (16 QAM)

and 6 bits 64 QAM


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Physical Channels

Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH): Carries cell-specific information

Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH): Carries the MCH transport channel

Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH):For scheduling, ACK/NACK

Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH):Payload

Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH): Defines # of OFDMA symbols/frame

Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH):Carries HARQ ACK/NACK

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH): For Call setup

Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH):For scheduling, ACK/NACK

Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH):Payload

DL

UL


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Physical Signals

Physical signals handle synchronization, cell identification and channel estimation

Downlink

Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH):for cell search and identification by the UE

Carries part of the cell ID (one of 3 orthogonal sequences)

Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH):for cell search and identification by the UE

Carries the remainder of the cell ID (one of 170 binary sequences)

Reference Signal\Pilot (RS):for DL channel estimation.

Exact sequence derived for cell ID (one of 3 x 168 = 504 pseudo random sequences)

Uplink

Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS):for synchronization to the UE and UL channelestimation

Sounding Reference Signal (S-RS):to monitor propagation conditions with UE


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52 2012 AIRCOM International Ltd114 Copyright 2010 AIRCOM International

PBCH

PMCH

PDSCH

PDCCH

PCFICH

DL reference

DL synch.

PUSCH

PUCCH

PRACH

Demod. Ref.

Sounding Ref.

BCH

PCH

MCH

DL-SCH

RACH

UL-SCH

BCCH

PCCH

CCCH

MCCH

DCCH

DTCH

MTCH UL TrCH

Transport PhysicalLogical

S


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Frame Structures

LTE supports three frame structures

Type 1-FDD

Type 2-TDD

MBMS\MBSFN

Type1-FDD (for both Half and full duplex)

Frame Duration =20 slots, 10 msec

Subframes= 2 consecutive slots, 1msec

FDD

F -DL

F -UL

0 1 2 3 19

One Sub-

frame = 1 mS

10 ms

FDD F S DL


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FDD Frame Structures DLType1-FDD- Downlink

DL Reference Signal (DLRS)

DLRS symbols exist within the1stand the3rdlast OFDM

symbols of each slot and with a frequency-domain spacing

of sixsubcarriers

There is a frequency-domain staggering of three

subcarriers between the 1stand 2ndRS symbols

DL Control Channels (PDCCH, PCFICH, PHICH)

PHICH carries the Hybrid ARQ ACK/NAKs where as PCFICH

carriers the information about the number of OFDM

symbols allocated for PDCCH in each subframe

PDCCH is transmitted in the first nOFDM symbols of eachsubframe, where n 3

REs reserved for DLRS cannot be used by PDCCH

C fi ti f C i 1 t


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Configuration of Carrier- 1 antenna

Downlink reference

signal structure

The downlink reference

signal structure is

important for channelestimation.

The principle of the

downlink reference signal

structure for 1 antenna.

Ref Signal TX1 = 8 for

15Khz spacing

R0

R0

R0 R0

R0

R0

R0

R0

Specific pre-definedresource elements (indicated by R0-3 in in the time-

frequency domain are carrying the cell-specific

reference signal sequence.

C fi ti f C i 2 t


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Downlink reference

signal structure


signal structure is

important for channel

estimation.The principle of the



Ref Signal TX2= 16 for

15Khz spacing

R0

R0

R0 R0

R0

R0

R0

R0

R1 R1

R1

R1 R1

R1 R1

R1

Specific pre-defined

resource elements (indicated by R0-3 in in the time-frequency domain are carrying the cell-specific


C fi ti f C i 3 t


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Downlink reference

signal structure


signal structure is






15Khz spacing

R0

R0

R0 R0

R0

R0

R0

R0

R1 R1

R1

R1 R1

R1 R1

R1

R2

R2

R2

R2




C fi ti f C i 4 t


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Downlink reference

signal structure


signal structure is






15Khz spacing

R0

R0

R0 R0

R0

R0

R0

R0

R1 R1

R1

R1 R1

R1 R1

R1

R2

R2

R2

R2

R3

R3

R3

R3




FDD Frame Structures DL


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FDD Frame Structures DL...

Type1-FDD-Downlink

DL Broadcast & Synchronization Channels

PBCH is transmitted on 4OFDM symbols in the1stdownlink

subframe spanning over the central 6RBs

REs reserved for DLRS cannot be used by PBCH

P-SCH and S-SCH are transmitted using a singleOFDM

symbol each, in the 1st

and 6th

downlink subframe spanningover the central6RBs

P-SCH and S-SCH REs do not overlap with the REs reserved

for DLRS

Transmission over central 6RBs ensures detectability

without the UE\Terminal having the prior knowledge of the

whole system bandwidth


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Type1-DL Frame

S


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FDD Frame Structures UL

Type1-FDD- Uplink

UL Control Channel

PUCCH transmission in one subframe is compromised of single

PRB at or near one edge of the system bandwidth followed by a

second PRB at or near the opposite edge of the bandwidth

PUCCH regions depends on the system bandwidth. Typical values

are 1, 2, 4, 8and 16for 1.4, 3, 5, 10 and 20 MHz

UL Signals(S-RS & DM RS)

S-RS estimates the channel quality required for the UL

frequency-selective scheduling and transmitted on1symbol in

eachsubframe

DM-RS is associated with the transmission of UL data on the

PUSCH and\or control signalling on the PUCCH

mainly used for channel estimation for coherent

demodulation

transmitted on2symbols in eachsubframe


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Type1- UL Frame


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Session 06


S i Obj ti


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Session Objectives


Importing and committing antennas into the database Setting up an appropriate propagation model

Using XML exports and imports

Frame Structures

Frequency Bands Defining carriers

AAS support

How to define a site/node template

Setting the cell parameters in the Site Database

Editing antenna configurations


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Project Defaults

In order to make an ASSET project easy to use rightfrom the start, the following default objects, with pre-set parameters, are provided:

Antenna default

Propagation model defaults (450, 900, 1800 and2100MHz)

Template defaults (for each technology)

Terminal type default (for each technology)

Starting to plan Coverage


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Starting to plan Coverage

Overview of Coverage Prediction requirements

Antennas Propagation Models Site templates eNodeBs and cells Predicting Coverage

Importing Antennas: PlaNet/EET format and XML Import provided XML file and do a Global Commit All

Antenna Database


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Antenna Database

Antenna Information and Mask


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Enhanced Advanced Search

Better antenna inventory organization by making use of:1. Find All Empty Devices

2. Delete All

3. More Advanced Search options,

- Include / Exclude patterns

- Include patterns for all devices


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Grouping antenna patterns under deviceUser can group antenna patterns from different devices under one device by making use

of Advanced Search rules and Group by Antenna Device functionality (data cleanup /

organization)

Setting up a Propagation Model


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Setting up a Propagation Model

Propagation models aremathematical attempts tomodel the real radioenvironment as closely aspossible. Most

propagation models needto be tuned (calibrated)by being compared tomeasured propagationdata, otherwise you willnot be able to obtain

accurate coveragepredictions.

Std Macrocell Propagation Model


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Std. Macrocell Propagation Model

Asset Standard Macrocell model

lossClutterlossndiffractioKdoglHgloK

gHloKogHlKHKdoglKKPL

eff

effmsms

)(7)()(6

543)(21

Recommended Starting Parameters


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Recommended Starting ParametersK values 450 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2000 MHz 2500 MHz 3500 MHz

k1 for LOS 142.3 150.6 160.9 162.5 164.1 167

k2 for LOS 44.9 44.9 44.9 44.9 44.9 44.9

k1 (near) forLOS

129.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

k2 (near) forLOS

31.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

d < for LOS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

k1 for NLOS 142.3 150.6 160.9 162.5 164.1 167k2 for NLOS 44.9 44.9 44.9 44.9 44.9 44.9

k1 (near) forNLOS

129.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

k2 (near) forNLOS

31.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

d < for NLOS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

k3 -2.22 -2.55 -2.88 -2.93 -3.04 -3.20

k4 -0.8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

k5 -11.70 -13.82 -13.82 -13.82 -13.82 -13.82

k6 -4.30 -6.55 -6.55 -6.55 -6.55 -6.55

k7 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8


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MME and SAE-GW SupportAsset support for hieratically higher LTE network elements

Mobility Management Entity (MME)

System Architecture Evolution Gate Way (SAE-GW)

Support for Logical/Cellular Connections that allow

for the mesh-type parent-child relationships of the

LTE Core.

eNodeB can be parented to both an SAEGW andMME and can be parented to multiple SAEGWsand/or MMEs


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MME and SAE-GW Support

LTE Frame Structures


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LTE Frame Structures

LTE Frequency Bands


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LTE Frequency Bands

LTE Carriers


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LTE Carriers

LTE Carriers


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LTE Carriers

Interference Co-ordination Schemes


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To minimize Intercell Interference following frequency reuse schemes are being

considered

Frequency Reuse-1 with Prioritization

Each sector divides the available bandwidth into prioritized (one third) and non-

prioritized (two third) sections disregard of CE or CC.

Prioritized spectrum is used more often than non-prioritized by each sector in order to

concentrate the interference that it causes to other sectors

Interference Co-ordination Schemes


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Soft Frequency Reuse

Power difference between the prioritized and non-prioritized spectrum which divides the

sector into an inner and an outer region

User in the inner region can be reached with reduced power, i.e. Cell Centre Users (CCU)

than the users in the outer region i.e. Cell Edge Users (CEU)

CCU are assigned frequency Reuse-1 while CEU employ Reuse-3 with soft reuse

Interference Coordination Schemes


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Reuse Partitioning

Similar to Soft Frequency Reuse

High-power part is divided between sectors so that each sector gets one third of the high-power spectrum

Low-power part employs frequency Reuse-1 while high-power part is configured with a

frequency Reuse-3 with hard reuse.



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MIMO - Transmit Diversity


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MIMO Transmit Diversity

Instead of increasing data rate or capacity, MIMO can be used to exploit

diversity and increase the robustness of data transmission.

Each transmit antenna transmits essentially the samestream of data, so the

receiver gets replicas of the same signal.

T

X

R

X010100

010100

010100

SU-MIMO

MIMO Spatial Multiplexing


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MIMO - Spatial Multiplexing

010

T

X

R

X010100

100

SU-MIMO

Spatial multiplexing allows an increase in the peak rates by a factor of 2 or 4,

depending on the eNodeB and the UE antenna configuration.

Spatial multiplexing allows to transmit different streams of data, different

reference symbols simultaneously on the sameresource blocks

LTE Downlink Transmission Modes


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LTE Downlink Transmission Modes

LTE Rel 8 supports DLtransmission on 1, 2, or 4antenna ports:

1, 2, or4 cell-specific reference signals

each reference signal corresponds to one antenna port

DL transmission modes are defined for PDSCH (Data\Traffic)

Single antenna (No MIMO)

Transmit diversity

Open loop Spatial multiplexing

Closed loop spatial multiplexing

Multi user MIMO

Closed-loop precoding for Rank=1 (No spatial Mux, But precode)

Conventional beamforming

UL MIMO Modes

Transmit diversity

Receive Diversity

MU-MIMO

SU-MIMO

SU-MIMO


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SU-MIMO

This includes conventional techniques such as

Cyclic Delay Diversity

Transmit\Receive diversity (Space frequency block codes)

Spatial Multiplexing\ Precoded Spatial Multiplexing

Can be implemented as Open and Closed loop

Diversity techniques improves the signal to interference ratio by

transmitting same stream of single user data.

Spatial multiplexing increases the per user data rate\throughput by

transmitting multiple streams of data dedicated for a single user

MU MIMO


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MU-MIMO

Multiple users (separated in the spatial domain in both UL andDL)sharing the same time-frequency resources

Uses multiple narrow beams to separate users in the spatial

domain and can be considered as a hybrid of beamforming and

spatial multiplexing.

Serves more terminals by scheduling multiple terminals using the

same resources

this increases the cell capacity and number of served

terminals

Suitable for highly loaded cells and for scenarios where number

of served terminals is more important than peak user data rates

How AAS Support Affects Simulations


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ppCell in Site Database(AAS Settings tab)

Look-Up Table(Tab Name)

ClutterParameters

(Column name)

MIMO SINRDelta

Offset on Bearer

How a Simulation of NetworkPerformance is Affected

SU-MIMO - Diversity

(downlink)

DL SD SINR

Adjustment

DL SD SINR

Adjustment

- Required DL SINR is dividedby the

corresponding table value.*SU-MIMO - Diversity

(uplink)UL SD SINRAdjustment

UL SD SINRAdjustment

- Required UL SINR is dividedby thecorresponding table value.*

SU-MIMO - Multiplexing(downlink)

DL SM Rate Gain DL SM Rate GainAdjustment

- Achievable User Data Rate is multipliedby the corresponding table value.*

- DL SM SINROffsets

SINR Delta for SU-MIMO

Required SINR is adjusted by thespecified delta value.*

SU-MIMO - Multiplexing(uplink)

UL SM Rate Gain UL SM Rate GainAdjustment

- Achievable User Data Rate is multipliedby the corresponding table value.*

- UL SM SINROffsets

SINR Delta for SU-MIMO

Required SINR is adjusted by thespecified delta value.*

SU-MIMO - AdaptiveSwitching (uplink and/or

downlink)**

All or any of the above, depending on channel conditions, and/or the cell-specific thresholds, ifenabled.

MU-MIMO (uplink and/ordownlink)**

- DL MU-MIMO SINROffsets and

UL MU-MIMO SINROffsets

SINR Delta for MU-MIMO The number of servedterminals is increased by

the factor specified in theAverage Co-scheduled

Terminals.

Also, Required SINR isadjustedby the specified

delta value on the bearer.*

Order of AAS Modes in the Simulator


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AAS Modes Enabled Sequence Attempted by

Simulator

Sequence Attempted by Simulator if Cell-specific MIMO

Threshold(s) are Enabled

SU-MIMO Adaptive

Switching

1. SU-MIMO Multiplexing

2. SU-MIMO Diversity

If Adaptive SU-MIMO RS SNR threshold is enabled:

SU-MIMO Multiplexing is employed above the threshold, andthen SU-MIMO Diversity below the threshold.

SU-MIMO Diversity and

MU-MIMO

1. MU-MIMO


If MU-MIMO RS SNR threshold is enabled:

MU-MIMO is employed above the threshold, and then SU-MIMO

Diversity below the threshold.

SU-MIMO Multiplexing

and MU-MIMO


2. MU-MIMO

If MU-MIMO RS SNR threshold is enabled:

SU-MIMO Multiplexing is employed above the threshold, and

then MU-MIMO below the threshold.

SU-MIMO Adaptive

Switching and

MU-MIMO


2. MU-MIMO


If Adaptive SU-MIMO RS SNR andMU-MIMO RS SNR

thresholds are enabled:

Initially, SU-MIMO Multiplexing is employed above the AdaptiveSU-MIMO RS SNR threshold, then MU-MIMO is employed

above the MU-MIMO RS SNR threshold, and finally SU-MIMO

Diversity is employed.

Lookup Table for AAS


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p

Templates for Sites


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Templates for SitesWhen planning a network, Instead of setting the parameter values oneach node individually, you can define templates, then select one of

these templates as a basis for adding new nodes. The new nodes willthen contain the default characteristics of the template.

Adding Sites/Cells


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Adding Sites/Cells

You can add network elements by using the site

design toolbar in the Map View window and also byusing the Site Database window.

You need the correct privileges to be able to addand modify network elements. Contact your

administrator if you do not have the correctpermissions

AAS Settings in Site DB


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AAS Settings in Site DB

LTE Parameters


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Scheduler


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Scheduler Description

Round Robin The aim of this Scheduler is to share the available/unused resources equally among the terminals

(that are requesting RT services) in order to satisfy their RT-MBR demand.

This is a recursive algorithm and continues to share resources equally among terminals, until all RT-MBR demands have been met or there are no more resources left to allocate.

Proportional

Fair

The aim of this Scheduler is to allocate the available/unused resources as fairly as possible in such a

way that, on average, each terminal gets the highest possible throughput achievable under the

channel conditions.

This is a recursive algorithm. The available/unused resources are shared between the RT terminals in

proportion to the bearer data rates of the terminals. Terminals with higher data rates get a larger

share of the available resources. Each terminal gets either the resources it needs to satisfy its RT-MBR demand, or its weighted portion of the available/unused resources, whichever is smaller. This

recursive allocation process continues until all RT-MBR demands have been met or there are no more

resources left to allocate.

Proportional

Demand

The aim of this Scheduler is to allocate the available/unused resources in proportion to the RT-MBR

demand, which means that terminals with higher RT-MBR demand achieve higher throughputs than

terminals with lower RT-MBR demand. This is a non-recursive resource allocation process and results

in either satisfying the RT-MBR demands of all terminals or the consumption of all of the

available/unused resources.

Max SINR The aim of this Scheduler is to maximise the terminal throughput and in turn the average cell

throughput. This is a non-recursive resource allocation process where terminals with higher bearer

rates (and consequently higher SINR) are preferred over terminals with low bearer rates (and

consequently lower SINR). This means that resources are allocated first to those terminals with better

SINR/channel conditions than others, thereby maximising the throughput.

LTE Parameters


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LTE ParametersLoad (%) Interference

Margin (dB)

35 1

40 1.3

50 1.8

60 2.4

70 2.9

80 3.3

90 3.7

100 4.2

Instance IDs of Antennas


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Carried Traffic Analysis


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Editing Antenna Configuration


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Session 07

Fields, Filters and Visualisers

Session Objectives


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The purpose and uses of fields

How to assign field options to network elements

The purpose and uses of filters

How to create and define dynamic filters

How to create and define static filters

How to use the selection expert

The purpose of visualisers

How to create visualisers

Status Fields in ENTERPRISE


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Enables Project Managers to manage and oversee theprogression of the network

Can set up any number of fields to be associated with objects Can be used when creating filters

Status Fields in ENTERPRISE


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Filters in Enterprise


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Filters provide a logical grouping of network elements according totheir characteristics or functions. They enable you to sub-divide the

network into more manageable sections for analysis, diagnosis anddisplay.

Static Filters Static lists of objects specified by the user

Dynamic Filters The included objects will constantly update as he Network

evolves.

Use of Filters


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Limit the list of network elements displayed in the Site Database

Determine which network elements appear in the Map View

Allow customised appearance of different filters in the Map View

Control which items are to be included in the various wizards

Selects items to be included in any global edits in the Site DB

Limit which items to include in the various reports

Creating Filters


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Selection Filter and Selection Expert


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Selection Filter

Is a static filter that exists only in memory. It is not stored in thedatabase and therefore cannot be Applied or Committed.

Can be renamed and saved as a normal static filter.

Selection Expert

Allow populate selection filter by choosing elements individually inthe Site Database or Map View, or by creating in the Map View apolygonal, circular or rectangular area that contains the sites youwant.

Acts as a handy clipboard - to easily allow you to cut and paste

network elements between different parents cells between sitesand so on.

Acts as a viewing window for all filters - you can quickly review allfilters, and edit the static and Selection filters.

Exporting Filters using XML Export


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Dynamic Filters and Efficiency


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Eliminate the largest number of unwanted objectsfirst

Use as few rules as possible

Run the fastest rule first

Element

Hierarchy

Field

Attribute

Polygon

Fastest

Slowest

Using Visualisers


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A visualiser is a way of creating multiple displaysettings for the same filter.

They are never saved to the Database andtherefore have no impact on processing speed

They do not affect other users


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Customising Visualisers


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Session 08

Predicting and Displaying Coverage

Session Objectives


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Predicting coverage (pathloss)

Creating coverage arrays

Displaying coverage

Analysing coverage with statistical reports

Managing arrays

Predicting CoverageYou can predict the pathloss of the signal from any cell to any point


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You can predict the pathloss of the signal from any cell to any pointand use this information as the basis of coverage and interferencepredictions for your planned network. The arrays can be used to

produce statistical reports.The coverage predictions are created orloaded automatically whenever you create a coverage/interferencearray, or the Simulator. You do notneed to explicitly create coveragepredictions.

Predicting Coverage


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Primary and Secondary predictionsDual prediction option enables us to specify two 'sets' of resolution


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Dual prediction option, enables us to specify two 'sets' of resolutionand radius for the cells in your network.

Array Settings dialog box have a crucial impact on how dualpredictions are used

Best RSRP Coverage Example


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Array Display PropertiesTo customise the arrays displayed in the Map View window Use the


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To customise the arrays displayed in the Map View window, Use theShow Data Types button.

Coverage Reports/Statistics

h b d


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Once coverage arrays have been created, you cangenerate coverage statistics.

Coverage Reports/Statistics


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Array Manager

Array manager enable memory management on arrays and


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Array manager enable memory management on arrays andsimulations. In addition, the Array Manager provides the ability toretrieve archived arrays, allowing for the benchmarking of statisticalchanges over time.


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Session 09

Traffic Planning on a LTE Network

Session Objectives


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Configuring bearers

Configuring services

Configuring terminal types

Setting clutter parameters

Creating traffic rasters

Traffic Parameters for LTE


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When you are satisfied with your network's coverage performance,you are in a position to consider traffic modelling in your network.

In modern cellular networks, there are different types of subscriberswith different profiles, and different types of mobile terminals withdifferent properties. In addition, multiple services can be offered tothe subscriber. These may include voice, data and multimedia

services. When planning such a network, you must account for thedifferent properties of these services, such as different costs, datarates and other requirements such as quality of service.

In ASSET, you can account for this by defining bearers, services,and terminal types

Default LTE BearersBearers represent the air interface connections, performing the task


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Bearers represent the air interface connections, performing the taskof transporting voice and data information between cells andterminal types.

Channel Quality Indicator Tables

I di t bi ti f d l ti d di h th t th N d B


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Indicates a combination of modulation and coding scheme that the NodeBshould use to ensure that the BLER experienced by the UE remains

e111 asset tool user 8.0 (lte)_original_final

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