1E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Excreta Disposalin Emergencies

Session 7

Medium Term Solutions

2E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

• Rehabilitate or rebuild?• Family or communal?• On-site or sewered?• Pit or tank?• Slab or seat?

Some considerations

3E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Group work

In groups of at least 2 people take one of the sanitation options and discuss;

• Advantages and disadvantages

• Include privacy, safety, access for the vulnerable.

• Cultural appropriateness

• Be ready to present back to the group in 10 minutes

4E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Group work feedback• Simple pit latrines• Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines• Eco-san options• Borehole latrines• Pour-flush latrines• Septic tanks• Aqua-privies• Wastewater treatment systems• Others

5E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Family Latrines: Pour-flush latrines

Image courtesy of WEDC. (c) Rod Shaw.

6E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Family Latrines: Pour-flush latrines

Image courtesy of WEDC. © Rebecca Scott.

Needs:• a ready source of

prefabricated slabs or pans with a U-bend

• plentiful water supply for flushing with each visit

From Harvey, EDIE, 2006

7E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Family Latrines: Twin pit latrines

Twin pits are useful where traffic is known to high, where only shallow pits can be dug, or where long life is needed.

• One pit can be emptied whilst other is in use

• Can be twin-pit VIPs, pour-flush or eco-san

8E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Overcrowding and lack of time/resources often dictates the need for communal toilet blocks in the medium term after an emergency.

These can be:• Communal simple pit or VIP latrines• Communal pour-flush with septic tank• Communal aqua privies• Urinals

Communal Latrines

9E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Communal Latrines: Pit latrines

Example emergency pit latrine, MSF, Gihogazi, Burundi, 2003. Photo: Ken Gibbs, RedR.

10E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Communal Latrines: Pit latrines

Basic communal pit latrine:

• Un-lined trench• Timber

footrests• Lightweight

superstructure

Image courtesy of WEDC. (c) Rod Shaw.

11E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Communal Latrines: VIP latrines

Image courtesy of WEDC. © Peter Harvey.

12E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Communal Latrines: Pour-flush latrines with septic tank

Image courtesy of WEDC. © Ken Chatterton.

13E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Communal Latrines: Aqua privies

Image courtesy of WEDC. © Ken Chatterton.

14E7

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E

Communal Latrines: Urinals

• A simple structure to collect urine and allow it to soak to a pit

• Needs regular flushing with water to reduce odours

• Significantly reduces number of male toilets needed, leading to impact on time and cost