early china map

Early China MapEarly China Map

Chinese CivilizationChinese Civilization 1570 – 1045 BCE – Shang Dynasty1570 – 1045 BCE – Shang Dynasty Shang kings were political and religious heads of Shang kings were political and religious heads of

societysociety Writing system of the Shang Dynasty is the Writing system of the Shang Dynasty is the

ancestor of modern Chineseancestor of modern Chinese 1045 – 256 BCE – Zhou Dynasty1045 – 256 BCE – Zhou Dynasty The Zhou kings sacrificed to their ancestors The Zhou kings sacrificed to their ancestors

(ancestor worship), also sacrificed to Heaven (Tian)(ancestor worship), also sacrificed to Heaven (Tian) The The Mandate of Heaven Mandate of Heaven (Tian Ming):(Tian Ming): (A) Close relationship between Heaven, king (A) Close relationship between Heaven, king (B) King called the Son of Heaven (B) King called the Son of Heaven (C) Heaven gives king mandate to rule, in best (C) Heaven gives king mandate to rule, in best

interest of subjects interest of subjects (D) Last Shang king decadent, cruel to subjects so (D) Last Shang king decadent, cruel to subjects so

he lost the he lost the Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven and the Zhou and the Zhou deserved to replace themdeserved to replace them

Chinese CivilizationChinese CivilizationEarly LiteratureEarly Literature

Shu jingShu jing (Book of History) is the earliest (Book of History) is the earliest transmitted text - it praises first three transmitted text - it praises first three Zhou rulersZhou rulers

The The Shi jingShi jing (Book of Poetry) consisted (Book of Poetry) consisted of 305 poems include odes celebrating of 305 poems include odes celebrating exploits of early Zhou rulers and Hymns exploits of early Zhou rulers and Hymns for sacrificial ceremonies, folk songsfor sacrificial ceremonies, folk songs Folk songs - are about ordinary people in Folk songs - are about ordinary people in

everyday situationseveryday situations

Chinese CivilizationChinese Civilization 770 – 403 BCE – Golden Age of Chinese 770 – 403 BCE – Golden Age of Chinese

philosophyphilosophy 604 BCE – Life of Laozi 604 BCE – Life of Laozi 551 – 479 BCE – Life of Confucius551 – 479 BCE – Life of Confucius 221 – 206 BCE – Qin Dynasty, first unification of 221 – 206 BCE – Qin Dynasty, first unification of

ChinaChina 221 BCE – Great Wall of China built221 BCE – Great Wall of China built 210 BCE – Terra cotta warriors placed in Lintong’s 210 BCE – Terra cotta warriors placed in Lintong’s

tombtomb 206 BCE - the Han dynasty unifies China again 206 BCE - the Han dynasty unifies China again

and develops bureaucracy and develops bureaucracy 200 BCE - Mao-tun unites the Turkic-speaking 200 BCE - Mao-tun unites the Turkic-speaking

Huns (Xiongnu, Hsiung-nu) in Central Asia around Huns (Xiongnu, Hsiung-nu) in Central Asia around Lake Bajkal and southeastern MongoliaLake Bajkal and southeastern Mongolia

Chinese CivilizationChinese Civilization

176BCE - the Huns attack eastern China176BCE - the Huns attack eastern China 121BCE - China defeats the Huns121BCE - China defeats the Huns 106BCE - the Silk Road is inaugurated (a treaty 106BCE - the Silk Road is inaugurated (a treaty

between Chinese emperor Wu-Ti/Wu Di and between Chinese emperor Wu-Ti/Wu Di and Parthian king Mithridates II)Parthian king Mithridates II)

2 CE - the Han empire has 57 million people, the 2 CE - the Han empire has 57 million people, the most populous country in the world most populous country in the world

6 CE - Buddhism is introduced in China 6 CE - Buddhism is introduced in China 105 CE - Cai Lun/Tsai Luns invents paper 105 CE - Cai Lun/Tsai Luns invents paper 190 CE - the Chinese invent the abacus 190 CE - the Chinese invent the abacus

Chinese CivilizationChinese Civilization 520 CE – Zen Buddhism develops520 CE – Zen Buddhism develops 618 – 907 CE – Tang Dynasty618 – 907 CE – Tang Dynasty 650 CE – Acupuncture is invented and 650 CE – Acupuncture is invented and

spreadsspreads 1024 CE – First paper money created1024 CE – First paper money created 1041 CE – Bi Sheng invents the printing 1041 CE – Bi Sheng invents the printing

presspress 1234 CE - Mongols led by Ogodai Khagan 1234 CE - Mongols led by Ogodai Khagan

conquer northern Chinaconquer northern China

Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions

China’s main philosophies/religions China’s main philosophies/religions include:include:

BuddhismBuddhism ConfucianismConfucianism TaoismTaoism Yin and YangYin and Yang LegalismLegalism

Chinese ArtChinese Art

Fang DingFang Ding 1212thth century BCE century BCE Houjiazhang , ChinaHoujiazhang , China SculptureSculpture Shang Dynasty was Shang Dynasty was

famous for its bronze famous for its bronze workwork

This was used to store This was used to store food and wine for food and wine for ceremoniesceremonies

Animal motifs are centralAnimal motifs are central


Bronze BellsBronze Bells 433 BCE433 BCE Wuhan, ChinaWuhan, China Sculpture/CraftworkSculpture/Craftwork Zhou Dynasty – each bell is capable of producing Zhou Dynasty – each bell is capable of producing

2 distinct notes / Bronze casts2 distinct notes / Bronze casts


Terra Cotta WarriorsTerra Cotta Warriors 210 BCE 210 BCE Lintong, ChinaLintong, China SculptureSculpture Buried in the tomb of Buried in the tomb of

the 1the 1stst Qin emperor Qin Qin emperor Qin Shi Huang DiShi Huang Di

Life sized figures were Life sized figures were meant to serve and meant to serve and protect the emperor in protect the emperor in the afterlifethe afterlife

Terra Cotta Warriors - Detail


Colossal BuddhaColossal Buddha 460 – 470 CE460 – 470 CE Yungang, ChinaYungang, China Relief SculptureRelief Sculpture Buddhism spread in Buddhism spread in

importance as internal importance as internal strife increased in China strife increased in China during the 5during the 5thth – 6 – 6thth centuriescenturies

Carved directly into the Carved directly into the rock – heavily influenced rock – heavily influenced by Indian artby Indian art

Vairocana Buddha, Longmen Caves

ca. 670-680 C.E.

Luoyang, China

Relief Sculpturecentral figure 50 feet high

Vairocana Buddha – Full

Horse

8th to 9th century C.E.

Sculpture/Pottery

Tang Dynasty20 in. highglazed earthenware


The Poet Li Bai Walking The Poet Li Bai Walking and Chanting a Poemand Chanting a Poem

1200 CE1200 CE ChinaChina PaintingPainting Artist: Liang KaiArtist: Liang Kai Song Dynastic periodSong Dynastic period Contrast of blurred lines Contrast of blurred lines

of robe with details of of robe with details of face – reflects a Zen style face – reflects a Zen style of artof art

Chinese ArtChinese Art Early SpringEarly Spring 1072 CE1072 CE Taipei, TaiwanTaipei, Taiwan Artist: Guo XiArtist: Guo Xi PaintingPainting Song Dynasty EraSong Dynasty Era 3 forms of perspective 3 forms of perspective

are found in this work: are found in this work: (1) height – up the (1) height – up the mountain; (2) depth – mountain; (2) depth – down into the valleys; down into the valleys; and (3) level – looking and (3) level – looking across the marshesacross the marshes

Chinese ArtChinese Art Celadon WareCeladon Ware 1127 – 1279 CE1127 – 1279 CE ChinaChina PotteryPottery Song Dynasty EraSong Dynasty Era Celadon ware is known Celadon ware is known

by its green color and by its green color and blends the parts of blends the parts of vasesvases

The most highly The most highly regarded Chinese regarded Chinese ceramics are from the ceramics are from the Song DynastySong Dynasty

Song ceramic ware aims Song ceramic ware aims at being simplistic and at being simplistic and elegantelegant


Searching for the PastSearching for the Past 1641 – 1704 CE1641 – 1704 CE ChinaChina PaintingPainting Artist: Shitao (aka Daoji)Artist: Shitao (aka Daoji) Qing Dynasty EraQing Dynasty Era Ink on paperInk on paper Use of wet brush Use of wet brush

technique allows for the technique allows for the ink and colors to merge ink and colors to merge and blurand blur


Forbidden CityForbidden City Begun 1402Begun 1402 Beijing, ChinaBeijing, China ArchitectureArchitecture Foreigners were Foreigners were

forbidden to enter into forbidden to enter into the imperial complexthe imperial complex

Built on a grid pattern Built on a grid pattern all buildings facing all buildings facing southsouth

Forbidden CityForbidden City

Foguang Si Pagoda

1056 C.E.

Yingxian, China

Architecture

Evolved from the Indian Stupa for religious purposes

Foguang Si Pagoda

Chinese Erotic ArtChinese Erotic Art

Japan MapJapan Map

Japanese CivilizationJapanese Civilization

10,000 - 300 BCE - Prehistoric period of tribal/clan 10,000 - 300 BCE - Prehistoric period of tribal/clan organization -organization -Stone Age hunters and gatherers who make Stone Age hunters and gatherers who make jomon (rope-patterned) pottery inhabit Japanjomon (rope-patterned) pottery inhabit Japan

660 BCE - Mythological Jimmu (Divine Warrior), 660 BCE - Mythological Jimmu (Divine Warrior), descendant of sun goddess Amaterasu Omikami, descendant of sun goddess Amaterasu Omikami, founds first Japanese empirefounds first Japanese empire

300 BCE – 300CE – Yayoi Perido - Rice cultivation, 300 BCE – 300CE – Yayoi Perido - Rice cultivation, metalworking, and the potter's wheel are metalworking, and the potter's wheel are introduced from China and Koreaintroduced from China and Korea

100-300 CE - Local clans form small political units 100-300 CE - Local clans form small political units

Japanese Religion - Japanese Religion - ShintoismShintoism The most significant influences that arrived from The most significant influences that arrived from

Korea and China in Japan were in the realm of Korea and China in Japan were in the realm of religionreligion

Most important of all was the arrival of Buddhism Most important of all was the arrival of Buddhism However the Japanese did have an indigenous However the Japanese did have an indigenous

religion, called Shintoreligion, called Shinto Shinto started out as a nature worship religion Shinto started out as a nature worship religion

and evolved into a state religion of patriotic and evolved into a state religion of patriotic appreciation to the Japanese land itself appreciation to the Japanese land itself

Shintoism also would include animism and Shintoism also would include animism and ancestor worship ancestor worship

Shinto rituals could be performed in homes as Shinto rituals could be performed in homes as well as in temples – allowing it to become a more well as in temples – allowing it to become a more personal religionpersonal religion

To an extent, the development of Shintoism was To an extent, the development of Shintoism was a reaction against foreign influence, especially a reaction against foreign influence, especially that of China. that of China.

Japanese Religion - Japanese Religion - ShintoismShintoism

In the 7th-8th centuries, the Japanese In the 7th-8th centuries, the Japanese wrote down their native myths and wrote down their native myths and legends in a collection called legends in a collection called KojikiKojiki (Chronicles of Ancient Events)(Chronicles of Ancient Events)

In it are the creation myths and foundation In it are the creation myths and foundation of the Shinto religionof the Shinto religion

Shinto gods are called Shinto gods are called kamikami IzanagiIzanagi and and IzanamiIzanami were the first gods were the first gods

from whom all other gods descendedfrom whom all other gods descended The most important of whom is The most important of whom is

AmeterasuAmeterasu, , the sun goddess, who is the sun goddess, who is considered the ancestor of all Japanese considered the ancestor of all Japanese emperorsemperors

Japanese ArtJapanese Art

Jomon Earthenware PotJomon Earthenware Pot 2000 BCE2000 BCE JapanJapan PotteryPottery Use of geometric Use of geometric

patterns to create patterns to create various impressionsvarious impressions

Called Jomon (rope) Called Jomon (rope) because the patterns because the patterns are rope-like in are rope-like in appearanceappearance


Haniwa FiguresHaniwa Figures 55thth – 4 – 4thth centuries BCE centuries BCE JapanJapan SculptureSculpture These figures were These figures were

placed on the tops of placed on the tops of gravesgraves

Each one representing Each one representing the deceased below or the deceased below or his/her interestshis/her interests


Horyu-ji KondoHoryu-ji Kondo 670 CE670 CE Nara, JapanNara, Japan ArchitectureArchitecture Oldest wooden temple in Oldest wooden temple in

JapanJapan Japanese favored lateral Japanese favored lateral

over linear movement over linear movement and building are lined up and building are lined up left to right rather than left to right rather than one in front of the otherone in front of the other

Horyu-ji kondo

Phoenix Hall

1053 C.E.

Byodoin, Uji, Japan

Architecture

The Phoenix is the mythical bird that supposedly protects the Buddha

Was originally a private villa converted into a temple during Heian Period


Shaka TriadShaka Triad 623 CE623 CE Nara, JapanNara, Japan Artist: Tori BusshiArtist: Tori Busshi Asuka PeriodAsuka Period The Buddha is flanked The Buddha is flanked

by 2 bodhisattvas by 2 bodhisattvas sitting on a throne sitting on a throne

Buddha’s name in Buddha’s name in Japan is ShakyamuniJapan is Shakyamuni


Tale of the Genji –Azumaya ChapterTale of the Genji –Azumaya Chapter 1212thth century CE century CE Nagoya, JapanNagoya, Japan Illuminated manuscriptIlluminated manuscript Heian Hand scrollHeian Hand scroll Emphasis on placement of figures, costumes and designEmphasis on placement of figures, costumes and design


ShokinteiShokintei 1660s1660s Kyoto, JapanKyoto, Japan ArchitectureArchitecture In the Katsura Palace In the Katsura Palace

GardensGardens Named after the sound Named after the sound

of the wind in the pines of the wind in the pines that surround itthat surround it

This is a typical Japanese This is a typical Japanese tea ceremony paviliontea ceremony pavilion

Nature is a key part of Nature is a key part of Japanese aestheticsJapanese aesthetics


Winter LandscapeWinter Landscape 1470s1470s Tokyo, JapanTokyo, Japan PaintingPainting Artist: SesshuArtist: Sesshu Ashikaga PeriodAshikaga Period Harshness of pictorial Harshness of pictorial

style is characteristic style is characteristic of Sesshu’s workof Sesshu’s work

Suggests the cold Suggests the cold bitter mood of winterbitter mood of winter


Daruma MeditatingDaruma Meditating 17601760 JapanJapan PaintingPainting Artist: Hakuin EkakuArtist: Hakuin Ekaku Attempt to capture Attempt to capture

the intensity of the intensity of meditationmeditation


Painting the LipsPainting the Lips 1794 – 1795 CE1794 – 1795 CE Tokyo, JapanTokyo, Japan Painting/ReliefPainting/Relief Artist: Utamaro KitagawaArtist: Utamaro Kitagawa A wood block print meant A wood block print meant

for mass productionfor mass production Since she has eyebrows Since she has eyebrows

she is an unmarried she is an unmarried woman – most likely a woman – most likely a courtesancourtesan


The Great Wave off The Great Wave off KanagawaKanagawa

18311831 Tokyo, JapanTokyo, Japan Painting/ReliefPainting/Relief Artist: Hokusai Artist: Hokusai

KatsushikaKatsushika Also a wood block print Also a wood block print

for reproductionfor reproduction Depicts the power of Depicts the power of

nature, Mount Fuji can nature, Mount Fuji can be seen in the distance – be seen in the distance – the symbol of Japan’s the symbol of Japan’s stabilitystability


Temple of the Golden Temple of the Golden PavilionPavilion

1397 1397 Kyoto, JapanKyoto, Japan ArchitectureArchitecture Muromachi PeriodMuromachi Period Built as a retreat for the Built as a retreat for the

shogun Yoshimitsu and shogun Yoshimitsu and converted into a temple converted into a temple after his retirementafter his retirement

Named because parts of Named because parts of temple are covered with temple are covered with gold leafgold leaf


Himeji CastleHimeji Castle 1581 – 16091581 – 1609 Hyogo, JapanHyogo, Japan ArchitectureArchitecture Living spaces and Living spaces and

fortifications are fortifications are combined into one spacecombined into one space

Made of strong masonry Made of strong masonry made necessary by the made necessary by the introduction of firearms introduction of firearms and cannonsand cannons


Garden of the Daisen-in Garden of the Daisen-in MonasteryMonastery

1616thth century century Kyoto, JapanKyoto, Japan ArchitectureArchitecture Artist: Kagaku SokuArtist: Kagaku Soku Used as a place of Used as a place of

meditation and assembly of meditation and assembly of Zen priestsZen priests

Vertical rocks represent Vertical rocks represent cliffs, horizontal stones cliffs, horizontal stones represent embankments and represent embankments and bridges and trees in the bridges and trees in the back represent mountainsback represent mountains

Japanese Erotic ArtJapanese Erotic Art

The end …. The end ….

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early china map

Documents

bce qin dynasty

ce buddhism

bce mao

spreads1024 ce

bce zhou dynastythe

bce life of confucius221

lintongs tomb206 bce

bce shang dynastyshang