early christian and byzantine the worshipping community chapters 8+9, nuttgens, story of...
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EARLY CHRISTIAN AND BYZANTINE
The Worshipping Community
Chapters 8+9, Nuttgens, Story of Architecture1
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Santa Costanza Rome c.350
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History2
fig13
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Catacombs off the Via Latina, Rome 4th century
Christians did not adopt Roman cremation but wanted to be buried, near an apostle’s grave
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History3
fig131
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Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome 432-440Basilica plan with nave arcaded in classical
trabeated style: lintels rest on columns
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History4
fig132
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Santa Sabina, Rome 422-430
Nave arcaded by arches resting on pillarsOpens up
the plan
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History5
fig133
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Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem
Built by ConstantineReplaced apse at
the end by an octagonal chapel
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History6
fig134
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Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem 326-333
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Old Basilica of St. Peter, Rome c.330Replaced vaults with simple walls and
columns holding up wooden roofs
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History8fig135
Built over the graves of a saint – holy person
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San Apolinare in Classe, Ravenna c. 534-549Free-standing campanile – bell towerEarliest example of a round tower
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History9
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Mausoleum of Galla Placida, Ravenna 420 Interior burst of colourful Byzantine mosaics
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History10fig137
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St. Simeon StylitesAmalgamation of congregational
basilica with centralized shrine
Chapter 8+9 Architectural History11
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Europe530 AD
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Europe 814 AD
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San Vitale Ravenna Italy (532-548)
Entry
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San Vitale Ravenna Italy (532-548)
Aerial View
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16San Vitale, Ravenna (Interior)
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Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-537)
Plan and Satellite Photo
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Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Sections)
Longitudinal-Section
Cross-Section
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19Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Isometric)
Cross-Section
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Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-537)External Views
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Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Ext. Overview)
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Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-537)Interior Views
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Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-537) Dome
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24Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Details)
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Monastery Church, Daphni
Each area developed its own version of Hagia Sophia
fig147
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Hosios Loukas Monastery
The cross-plan is expressed on the exterior by separate pan-tiled roofs over the different sections
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Byzantine Churches
Megistis Lavras - one of 20 monasteries on the island of Mount Athos
Mistra - fortified town contains the Palace to the last Byzantine emperor and was a centre of Byzantine scholarship
Church of St. Theodore
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St. Mark’s, Venice
Holy Apostles in Constantinople
The magnificent facade has three tiers of semicircular shapes with 5 deep-set doorways between a two-tier paling of little pillars; five rounded gable ends with ogee eyebrows
Refugees from the barbarian hordes crossed the Adriatic lagoons to create Venice.
St. Mark’s is a Greek-cross, five-domed church based on Justinian’s Church of the
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St. Mark’s VeniceLead covered domes
with garlic-bulb finials. Inside, it is entirely
sheathed in a molten skin of gold mosaic
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Ani Cathedral, Armenia Ani, capital of Armenia, was
once the city of a thousand churches; now abandoned to grassland
Reconstruction
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Ani
Cat
hedr
al, A
rmen
ia
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Santa Sophia, Kiev The Russian
contribution to the Byzantine style is the onion dome which swells outward before curving inward.
Santa Sophia was originally built with one large dome and 12 smaller apostle domes but was elaborated with extra aisles and domes
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St. Basil’s, MoscowBuilt by Ivan the
Terrible in 1550A cluster of
smaller domes surrounds the central dome
The many-coloured tiling was added in the 17th century
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St.
Bas
il’s,
Mos
cow