early christian hoa

7/31/2019 Early Christian HOA

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Reporters :

Garcia, Gerard StephenOrteza, Mary Pauline


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The Christians wantedto build larger and

more spacious edificesfor worship. They

thought that the meetingplaces that they used

were not royal andspacious enough as aplace for worship.


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Previously they met inprivate homes that hadrooms for worship.

The first Christian

churches used Romanstructural and design

elements.The basilica evolved

into the essentialdesign for the church

that is still usedtoday.


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Widely spaced columnscarrying semicircular arches.

The basilican church with threeor five aisles, covered by a

simple timber roof, is a typicalEarly Christian Style


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Rendered impressive anddignified by the long

perspective of columns

which carry the eyealong the sanctuary; a

treatment which, combinedwith the comparatively lowheight of interiors, makes

these churches appearlonger than they really are.


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An arch of triumph,

figurative of thetransition through

death to eternal life,

gave entrance to thesanctuary with the highaltar in the center

standing free under its

baldachino upheld bymarble columns.

* Baldachino a canopy supported by columns generally placed over an altar or

tomb and also know n as ciborium.


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The vista wasrounded off by an

apse line with marble

slabs and crownedwith semi-domeencrusted with

glittering goldenmosaics.

* Apse

circular or multangular termination of church sanctuary


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Timber roofscovered the

central nave andonly simple forms ofconstruction, such as

king and queen

post trusses wereemployed.


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Walls were still

constructed

according to Romanmethods using of

hand-laid rubble-

concrete faced with

brick or stone orsometimes plaster .


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Mosaics

decorativesurfaces

formed bysmall cubesof stone,glass ormarble.


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The introduction ofcolor with the use ofglass mosaics gives

richness and mystery tointeriors. The Early

Christian basilicas were

usually decorated withmosaic in the apse,semi-dome and wall.


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Soffit the exposedundersurface of any

overhead componentof a building such asarch, beam, balcony,

cornice, lintel or vault.


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Usually erected over

the burial place ofthe saint to whom

the church wasdedicated. The

approach to the churchwas through an atriumor open forecourt

surrounded by arcades.Next came the covered

narthex betweenatrium and the church.

* Narthex - along arcaded-entranceporch

* Arcade

range of arches supporton piers


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Bema - the small apsewhich contained the altar, or

table upon whichthe sacramental bread and

wine were offered in the riteof Holy Communion, was

not sufficient toaccommodate them. A

raised dais calleda bema formed part ofmany large basilican

churches.


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St.

Peters

basilica -Rome


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St. Paolo

Fuori LeMura


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PROPYLAEUM

ATRIUM

NARTHEXNAVE

APSE


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1) Propylaeum- the entrance building of a sacred precinct,whether church or imperial palace.

2) Atrium- in early Christian, Byzantine, and medievalarchitecture, the forecourt of a church; as a rule enveloped

by four colonnaded porticoes.

3) Narthex- the entrance hall or porch proceding the nave

of a church.4) Nave- the great central space in a church. In longitudinalchurches, it extends from the entrance to the apse (or only

to the crossing if the church has one) and is usually flanked

by side aisles.

5) Side Aisle- one of the corridors running parallel to thenave of a church and separated from it by an arcade or

colonnade.

6) Crossing- the area in a church where the transept and

the nave intersect.


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7) Transept- in a cruciform church, the whole arm set at rightangles to the nave. Note that the transept appears infrequently in

Early Christian churches. Old St. Peter's is one of the few example

of a basilica with a transept from this period. The transept would not

become a standard component of the Christian church until the

Carolingian period.

8) Apse- a recess, sometimes rectangular but usually semicircular,in the wall at the end of a Roman basilica or Christian church. The

apse in the Roman basilica frequently contained an image of the

Emperor and was where the magistrate dispensed laws. In the Early

Christian basilica, the apses contained the "cathedra" or throne of

the bishop and the altar.

9) Nave elevation- term which refers to the division of the nave wallinto various levels. In the Early Christian basilica the nave elevation

usually is composed of a nave colonnade or arcade and clerestory.

10) Clerestory- a clear story, i.e. a row of windows in the upper partof a wall. In churches, the clerestory windows above the roofs of the

side aisles permit direct illumination of the nave


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The Basilica of St. John Lateran inItalian, the Basilica di San Giovanni inLaterano is the cathedral church of

Rome and the official ecclesiastical seatof the Pope. Officially named

Archibasilica Sanctissimi Salvatoris(Archbasilica of the Most Holy Savior),it is the oldest and ranks first amongthe five major basilicas, and holds the

title of ecumenical motherchurchamong Catholics.

An inscription on the faade, ChristoSalvatore, dedicates the Lateran as

Archbasilica of the Most Holy Saviour,

for all patriarchal basilicas arededicated to Christ himself. As thecathedral of the Bishop of Rome,

containing the papal throne (CathedraRomana), it ranks above all other

churches in the Catholic Church, even

above St. Peter's Basilica in theVatican.
http://www.aboutroma.com/popes.htmlhttp://www.aboutroma.com/popes.html


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The huge basilica of St. Peter'sinVaticano is the most importantRoman Catholic church in the world

and is one of the most visitedplaces in Rome. It is the composite

work of some of the greatestartists of the 16C, and and a

masterpiece of the italian High

Renaissance. Orientated towardsthe west and approached throughits monumental piazza, the church

has its fitting culmination inMichelangelo's dome.
http://www.aboutroma.com/vatican-city.htmlhttp://www.aboutroma.com/vatican-city.html


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Basilica di San Paolo fuori leMura is one of five churches

considered to be the great

ancient basilicas of Rome,

Italy. It is the largest churchin Rome after St. Peter's.

The church commemorates

the martyrdom of of St. Paul

and is believed to contain

he Apostole's tomb.


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The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore

also known as the Basilica di Santa Mariadella Neve and Basilica Liberiana in the

Italian language and Saint Mary Major

Basilica in the English language is one of

five great ancient Catholic basilicas of

Rome.

Built over the pagan temple of Cybele,Santa Maria Maggiore is the only Roman

basilica that retained the core of its

original structure, left intact despite

several additional construction projects

and damage from the earthquake of 1348.

It contains important mosaics and

elaborate tombs and sumptuous chapelserected by the popesin the 16C and 17 C.

The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore is the

largest and most important place of

prayer dedicated to the Blessed Virgin

Mary.


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The basilica of San Lorenzo fuori le

Mura is one of the seven pilgrimageChurches of Rome. It has

remarkable architectural features,

including two storeys of ancient

columns in the presbytery, super

Cosmati work, and extensivecatacombs off the lovely cloister.

despite serious war damage it

retains its venerable character. It is

a much more peaceful and friendly

church to visit than some of the

other major basilicas such as S.

Paolo fuori le Mura and S. Giovanni

in Laterano.


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Photographs =)


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http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=aDdjw1DiKLoC&pg=PA144&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.html
http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=aDdjw1DiKLoC&pg=PA144&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=aDdjw1DiKLoC&pg=PA144&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4http://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.htmlhttp://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.htmlhttp://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.htmlhttp://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.htmlhttp://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.htmlhttp://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.htmlhttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=aDdjw1DiKLoC&pg=PA144&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=aDdjw1DiKLoC&pg=PA144&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4

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