early greece
DESCRIPTION
Early Greece. GEOGRAPHY. Minoans. Minoans (2000-1400 BC) Island of Crete: Knossos Sir Arthur Evans (1898-1935) ~ Excavations Knossos 706,000 sq feet 5,000 inhabitants Social, political, economic, religious center. Plumbing/No Defensive Walls. Mycenaeans. Myceneans (2000-1200 BC) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Early Greece
Minoans• Minoans (2000-1400 BC)
– Island of Crete: Knossos– Sir Arthur Evans (1898-1935) ~ Excavations
• Knossos 706,000 sq feet
• 5,000 inhabitants
• Social, political, economic, religious center.
• Plumbing/No Defensive Walls
Mycenaeans• Myceneans (2000-1200 BC)
– Mainland Greece– Defeat Minoans: 1400s (Era of dominance: 1400-
1200 BC) - Warrior Kings (20 ft. thick walls)– Defeated by the Dorians 1200 BC– Trojan War: 1100 BC
• Homer: Iliad & Odyssey– Epic Poet or Historian?
Dorians• Dorians – Dark Ages (1150-750 BC)
– Little is known in archaeological records.– NO trade– NO written communication– Little Technology
• Formation of City-States– Polis – A city-state of ancient Greece.– Acropolis – A walled, high area surrounding a polis.– Agora – An open area that served as a meeting place
and market.
The Classical Age of Greece
Golden Age of Athens, Persian Wars, and the Peloponnesian War
ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY• Solon – Revised laws. Outlawed debt slavery and
tried to reduce poverty by encouraging trade.• Cleisthenes – Divided Athens into 10 tribes that
became the basis for elections. (Credited for creating Democracy)
• Democracy?…Really?– Women, children, immigrants, slaves could NOT
particpate.– 10% of population participated.
• Athens used a Direct Democracy where people voted directly on issues.– Why not used in United States?
Persian Wars• First Persian Invasion– Marathon (Phalanx)
• Athens beats Persia (Darius).
• Second Persian Invasion– Thermopylae
• Small Greek force held back large Persian force for 3 days. (Xerxes)
– Salamis (Naval Battle)• Persia lost and were stuck
in Greece.
• Greece Wins Persian Wars!
Golden Age of Athens
• Athens & Delian League– Alliance of Greek city-states
that was controlled by Athens.– Parthenon was built from $
from Delian League.
• Pericles– Skilled politician who
encouraged the spreading of democracy.
– Commissioned the building of the Parthenon.
ACROPOLIS
PARTHENON
TEMPLE OF
ATHENA NIKE
ERECTHEION
Age of AlexanderPhilip II, & the Rise and Fall of
Alexander the Great, Hellenism
Philip II of Philip II of MacedoniaMacedonia• Macedonians thought of
themselves as Greeks, but Greeks saw them as inferior.
• Philip II– Phalanx
• 16 x 16 (18 ft. pikes)
– Calvalry
• Demosthenes– Gave warning to the
Greeks, but to no avail.
• Philip defeats Greece at Chaeronea and then wants to take on Persia.– But he is assassinated.
What makes a great leader?
• You are to get into groups of 3-4 students.
• Come up with 5 traits and list them in order of importance.– 1 Being the most important.
• You must come to an agreement as a group.
• You have 10 minutes to make your list.
Alexander Defeats Alexander Defeats PersiaPersia• Philip’s son Alexander proclaims himself king of Macedonia.
• Becomes known as Alexander the Great (13 years – many accomplishments).
• Alexander vs. Persian King Darius III– Peace offer by Darius.– Ambitious Alexander declines.– Darius & his army flees after defeat.
• Alexander turns to Egypt (Persian territory).– Welcomed as a liberator & crowned
pharaoh.
Alexander Defeats Persia & Alexander Defeats Persia & MoreMore
• Alexander turns to Mesopotamia to confront Darius.– Battle at Gaugamela. Darius again panicked and fled.– Opened up Persia’s wealthiest provinces to Alexander.
• Distributed wealth among his troops.
• Alexander continues into Persia’s Asian provinces to confront Darius.– Darius was already dead. Assassinated by one of his
own.• Indus River Valley – Won a fierce battle (200 elephants).
Alexander & His LegacyAlexander & His Legacy• Alexander’s Army marched 11,000 miles and
fought for 11 years.
Alexander was to return home to organize and unify his empire. (Roads, New Cities, Harbors).
Alexander’s Alexander’s LegacyLegacy
• Generals Fight for Control– Antigonus (King of Macedonia)– Ptolemy (Pharaoh of Egypt)– Seleucus (Persian Empire)
• Hellenistic Culture – Blending of cultures. – Egyptian– Persian– Greek– Indian
Pergamum:Pergamum:A Hellenistic A Hellenistic
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