early ideas about evolution darwin’s observations natural selection evidence of evolution...
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Question Traces of organisms that existed in the pastTRANSCRIPT
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Early Ideas About
Evolution
Darwin’s Observations
Natural Selection
Evidence of
Evolution
Evolutionary Biology Today
10 10 10 10 10
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Question 1 - 10
• Traces of organisms that existed in the past
![Page 4: Early Ideas About Evolution Darwin’s Observations Natural Selection Evidence of Evolution Evolutionary Biology Today 10 20 30 40 50](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052706/5a4d1ae87f8b9ab059979a4b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Answer 1 – 10
• Fossils
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Question 1 - 20
• This theory states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped Earth’s landforms and caused extinction of some species
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Answer 1 – 20
• Catastrophism
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Question 1 - 30
• This principle states that the changes in landforms result from slow changes over a long period of time
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Answer 1 – 30
• Gradualism
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Question 1 - 40
• An expanded version of the theory of gradualism – this theory states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time.
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Answer 1 – 40
• Uniformitarianism
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Question 1 - 50
• Name the scientist who had the following theories:– Species shared ancestors instead of arising
separately– Believed in the inheritance of acquired
characteristics– All living things were descended from a common
ancestor and that more-complex forms of life arose from less complex forms
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Answer 1 – 50
• Buffon• Lamarck• E. Darwin
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Question 2 - 10
• Differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs
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Answer 2 – 10
• Variation
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Question 2 - 20
• An inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment
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Answer 2 – 20
• Adaptation
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Question 2 - 30
• A variation that occurs among members of the SAME species
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Answer 2 – 30
• Intraspecific variation
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Question 2 - 40
• A variation that occurs among members of a DIFFERENT species
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Answer 2 – 40
• Interspecific variation
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Question 2 - 50
• Name the islands off of the coast of South America where Darwin gathered a great deal of evidence to support his theory and give two examples of organisms that showed evolution taking place.
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Answer 2 – 50
• Galapagos Islands• Tortoises • Finches• Iguanas• Etc.
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Question 3 - 10
• Process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits
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Answer 3 – 10
• Artificial Selection
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Question 3 - 20
• Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals
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Answer 3 – 20
• Natural Selection
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Question 3 - 30
• The ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next
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Answer 3 – 30
• Heritability
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Question 3 - 40
• A measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment
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Answer 3 – 40
• Fitness
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Question 3 - 50
• Name the four main principles of the theory of Natural Selection
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Answer 3 – 50
• Variation• Overproduction• Adaptation• Descent with Modification
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Question 4 - 10
• The study of the distribution of organisms around the world
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Answer 4 – 10
• Biogeography
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Question 4 - 20
• The study of the early developmental stages of an organism to determine similarities and differences in species indicating that evolution has taken place
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Answer 4 – 20
• Embryology
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Question 4 - 30
• Remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor
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Answer 4 – 30
• Vestigial structure
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Question 4 - 40
• Body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but performs different functions
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Answer 4 – 40
• Homologous structure
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Question 4 - 50
• Body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different
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Answer 4 – 50
• Analogous structure
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Question 5 - 10
• The study of fossils or extinct organisms that continues to provide new information and support current hypotheses about how evolution occurs.
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Answer 5 – 10
• Paleontology
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Question 5 - 20
• The process of analyzing the sequences of nucleotides in a gene and how they have changed over time due to mutations. It provides evidence that evolution takes place.
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Answer 5 – 20
• DNA sequence analysis
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Question 5 - 30
• Sequences of DNA nucleotides that no longer function but are still carried along with functional DNA.
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Answer 5 – 30
• Pseudogenes
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Question 5 - 40
• Genes that control the development of specific structures
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Answer 5 – 40
• Homeobox genes
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Question 5 - 50
• Also known as molecular fingerprinting, this process reveals similarities in proteins of different organisms providing evidence of evolution.
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Answer 5 – 50
• Protein comparisons