Early Modern Europe Emerges

The Islamic World, Discovery of the New World, and a Changing Europe

Timeline• 1456: Gutenberg Bible (Invention of movable

type)• 1492 Columbus’ “Discovery” of the New World• ca 1500 Renaissance• 1517 Protestant Reformation• 1607: Founding of Virginia (Jamestown Colony)• 1620-30: Founding of Plymouth Colony and

Massachusetts Bay

The Muslim World

• Mohammed born: 570 CE

• Islam spreads: 6th Century onward

• “Civilization” shifts to the east

• Western Christendom confronts a large empire on its southern and eastern border.

Expansion of Islam

Expansion of Islam

Islamic World, 900

Expansion of Islam, 1300

Ottoman Empire, 1566

European Timeline, Post Black Death

• 1456: Gutenberg Bible: Invention of Movable Type

• Discovery of the New World: 1492• Ca 1500: Renaissance• Protestant Reformation: 1517• 1607: Founding of Virginia (Jamestown Colony• 1620-1630: Founding of Plymouth Colony and

Massachusetts Bay

Timeline • 17th Century (1600s) The Golden Age of the Dutch

Republic• 1640-1660: English Revolution• 17th - 18th Centuries (1600-1700s) Reign of the

“Louis”: Louis XIV (1661-1715)• 1776: American Revolution• 1789: French Revolution• Late 18th Century: Industrial Revolution in England

Protestant Reformation

• Martin Luther (and others) challenge the primacy of the Papacy and Catholic ideas...

• Splits the unity of Western Christendom

• Reorganizes the relationship between individual and God

• Reorganizes the relationship among church, state and family

Discovery and Colonization of the New World (and Trade with Far East)

• Expands the horizons of Europe and expands European civilization

• Brings new products to Europeans (sugar, coffee, tea, tobacco, corn, spices, china, silk, paper, gunpowder, pasta)

• Fosters the expansion of the trading economy and ‘urban’ society, particularly in the Netherlands and Britain

Expansion of Science, Reading and Knowledge

• Development of printing and book publishing

• Expansion of literacy and hence schooling

• Expansion of science and technology– Astronomy– Navigation

Rise of Democratic Society

• Invention of the idea of the rights of man and challenge to absolutist ideals

• Development of conceptions of liberty, equality, fraternity, freedom of speech, conscience, religion

• Countertrends: The reintroduction of slavery as a labor system

European Social Classes

• Nobility or Aristocracy

• Gentry (propertied, but not necessarily noble)

• Middle Classes, Bourgeois, Burghers (Urban Professionals)

• Tradesmen, artisans, small holders

• Poor

What is yet to come...

• The Industrial Revolution: first seen in Britain in the late 18th century– steam engine– railroads– new forms of communication, e.g., telegraph,

telephone– factory system of production

Western European Marriage Pattern

• Late marriage (age)

• Neolocal

• Low fertility

• Long generations