earth and environmental physics in mediterranean: grid a powerful tool for earth sciences...
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Earth and Environmental Physics in Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool
for Earth Sciencesfor Earth Sciences
[email protected]@fis.uniroma3.it
Wolfango PlastinoWolfango Plastino
Department of Physics – University of Roma TreDepartment of Physics – University of Roma Tre
National Institute of Nuclear Physics – Section of Roma TreNational Institute of Nuclear Physics – Section of Roma Tre
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
ContentsContents
- Hydrological Cycle and and Water ResourcesHydrological Cycle and and Water Resources
- Atmospheric Transport Modeling Atmospheric Transport Modeling
- Oceanographic Processes in the Benthic Boundary LayerOceanographic Processes in the Benthic Boundary Layer
- Geodynamic Processes in the Earth’s Lithosphere and - Geodynamic Processes in the Earth’s Lithosphere and MantleMantle
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Hydrological Cycle and Water ResourcesHydrological Cycle and Water Resources
• Development of an integrated view of the water resource Development of an integrated view of the water resource
management, bridging the evaluation of the water resources area management, bridging the evaluation of the water resources area
with the study of the large and basin-scale hydrological cyclewith the study of the large and basin-scale hydrological cycle
• Development of effective, internationally shared tools for public Development of effective, internationally shared tools for public
and private institutions for the correct management of the water and private institutions for the correct management of the water
resources as well as for planning future developmentresources as well as for planning future development
• Development of set of standards for the collection, evaluation, Development of set of standards for the collection, evaluation,
storage and interpretation of the hydro-meteorological data, with storage and interpretation of the hydro-meteorological data, with
particular regard to extreme events of great potential impact on particular regard to extreme events of great potential impact on
the welfare of the population and on the state of the environmentthe welfare of the population and on the state of the environment
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
[..] Il corpo della Terra, a similitudine de’ corpi de li animali, è tessuto di ramificazione [..] Il corpo della Terra, a similitudine de’ corpi de li animali, è tessuto di ramificazione di vene, le quali son tutte insieme congiunte, e son costituite a nutrimento e di vene, le quali son tutte insieme congiunte, e son costituite a nutrimento e vivificazione d’essa Terra e de’ suoi creati, e si partano dalle profondità del mare, e a vivificazione d’essa Terra e de’ suoi creati, e si partano dalle profondità del mare, e a quelle dopo molta revoluzione, ànno a tornare per li fiumi creati dalle altre rotture quelle dopo molta revoluzione, ànno a tornare per li fiumi creati dalle altre rotture d’esse vene. [..] (Leonardo Da Vinci, 1508 -1510)d’esse vene. [..] (Leonardo Da Vinci, 1508 -1510)Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesWolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
© © UNESCO/IAEAUNESCO/IAEA
Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesWolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
© © UNESCO/IAEAUNESCO/IAEA
+ e
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
© © UNESCO/IAEAUNESCO/IAEA
+ e
Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesWolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
W. Plastino, W. Plastino, Radionuclides in the EnvironmentRadionuclides in the Environment, Elsevier, , Elsevier, 20062006
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
• Lagrangian particle models compute trajectories of a large number of so-Lagrangian particle models compute trajectories of a large number of so-
called particles to describe the transport and diffusion of tracers in the called particles to describe the transport and diffusion of tracers in the
atmosphereatmosphere
• The models simulate the long-range and mesoscale transport diffusion, The models simulate the long-range and mesoscale transport diffusion,
dry and wet deposition, and radioactive decay of tracers released from dry and wet deposition, and radioactive decay of tracers released from
point, line, area and volume sourcespoint, line, area and volume sources
• The models can be used backward in time to determine the potential The models can be used backward in time to determine the potential
source contributions for given receptors, or forward in time to simulate the source contributions for given receptors, or forward in time to simulate the
dispersion of tracers from their sources dispersion of tracers from their sources
• The most suitable resolution of the input data is equivalent to the The most suitable resolution of the input data is equivalent to the
characteristic scales in space and time (scale: typical orders of characteristic scales in space and time (scale: typical orders of
magnitude) considered to be relevant for the ATM outputmagnitude) considered to be relevant for the ATM output
Atmospheric Transport ModelingAtmospheric Transport Modeling
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
– Spatial and Spatial and temporal scales of temporal scales of physical processes physical processes taking place in the taking place in the atmosphere are atmosphere are closely linked closely linked togethertogether
– A spatial grid A spatial grid resolution of 1resolution of 1 ((100 km) fits well 100 km) fits well to a temporal to a temporal resolution of 6 hoursresolution of 6 hours
– (2(2x = 200 km x = 200 km corresponds with corresponds with t t = 2x10= 2x1044 s, i.e. 5.6 s, i.e. 5.6 hours)hours)
Planetary Planetary WavesWaves
Convect
ion
Convect
ion
Micro Micro TurbulenceTurbulence
CumulusCumulus--
Cumulo- Cumulo- nimbus-nimbus-
Cloud Cloud ClusterCluster
Extra Extra Tropical Tropical CyclonesCyclones
Gravi
ty W
aves
Gravi
ty W
aves
Sonic
Sonic
Wav
es
Wav
esU = 1
0 m
/s
g = 10 m/s2
K =
1.5
x10
-5 m
2 /s
StationStationttstopstop-24 hrs-24 hrs
•Backward in time integrationBackward in time integration
•Release of n particles/h across Release of n particles/h across 24h-sampling period24h-sampling period
•Store surface level „retro-plume“ Store surface level „retro-plume“ concentration (=SRS) every 3 concentration (=SRS) every 3 hourshours
timetime
ttstopstop
((measurementmeasurement stopstop))
-t-t
ttstartstart
((measurementmeasurement start)start)
Start of simulationStart of simulation
Start of adjoint releaseStart of adjoint release
End of End of adjoint adjoint releaserelease
ttstopstop-48 hrs-48 hrs
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Most of the major floodings occurred in central-eastern Europe are Most of the major floodings occurred in central-eastern Europe are due to a typical Mediterranean meteorological pattern, the Genoa due to a typical Mediterranean meteorological pattern, the Genoa cyclone cyclone
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Heat signatures Heat signatures and ash plume and ash plume from Mount Etna from Mount Etna Volcano eruption Volcano eruption extending from extending from Sicily southward Sicily southward across Malta across Malta towards Libyatowards Libya
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Oceanographic Processes in the Benthic Boundary LayerOceanographic Processes in the Benthic Boundary Layer
• The Benthic Boundary Layer is the dynamic interface between litosphere The Benthic Boundary Layer is the dynamic interface between litosphere
(seafloor) and ocean (seawater) where many physical, geochemical and (seafloor) and ocean (seawater) where many physical, geochemical and
biological processes occur playing an important role in environmental biological processes occur playing an important role in environmental
global changeglobal change
• Geohazards, carbon cycle, heat flow, life generation, climatic Geohazards, carbon cycle, heat flow, life generation, climatic
oceanography, are only some examples of local or global processes whose oceanography, are only some examples of local or global processes whose
comprehension is today limitedcomprehension is today limited
• Earthquakes produce short-term effects (landslides and tsunamis) that Earthquakes produce short-term effects (landslides and tsunamis) that
threaten the lives and economy of coastal communities, while outgassing threaten the lives and economy of coastal communities, while outgassing
of greenhouse gases impact long-term global climatesof greenhouse gases impact long-term global climates
Key point:
AS OBSERVING SITE OF SOLID EARTH PROCESSES-GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING-(seismicity, geomagnetic field)AS SITE OF PHYSICAL, GEOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES playing important roles in environmental global changes
(e.g., geohazards, carbon cycle, heat flow, life generation, climatic oceanography).
ATMOSPHERATMOSPHEREE
OCEANOCEAN
GEOSPHEREGEOSPHERE
BBLBBL
Benthic Boundary Benthic Boundary LayerLayer
W. Plastino W. Plastino et alet al., ., The Benthic Boundary LayerThe Benthic Boundary Layer, IAEA, , IAEA, 20042004
Etna, 27 ottobre 2002, MEtna, 27 ottobre 2002, M ll=4.3=4.3
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Marsili volcano
Sicily
Sout
hern
Ital
y
W. Plastino W. Plastino et alet al., ., The Benthic Boundary LayerThe Benthic Boundary Layer, IAEA, , IAEA, 20042004
GEOSTAR-2 GEOSTAR-2 (1999-2001) (1999-2001)
Tyrrhenian Sea 2000-01 Tyrrhenian Sea 2000-01 (7 months, 2000 m w.d.)(7 months, 2000 m w.d.)
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
CTD dataCTD data
CTD dataCTD data. . a) pressure;a) pressure;b) potential water b) potential water temperature; temperature; c) salinity; d) density;c) salinity; d) density;e) light transmission.e) light transmission.
W. Plastino W. Plastino et alet al., ., The Benthic Boundary LayerThe Benthic Boundary Layer, IAEA, , IAEA, 20042004
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Sketch of the oscillating water mass interface in the BBL. Sketch of the oscillating water mass interface in the BBL. EOW: EOW: Eastern Overflow Water;Eastern Overflow Water; WW: WW: Western Water;Western Water; bnl: bnl: benthic benthic nepheloyd layer;nepheloyd layer; inl: inl: intermediate nepheloyd layer. GEOSTAR intermediate nepheloyd layer. GEOSTAR detected WW for most of the time and events of EOW cascading, as detected WW for most of the time and events of EOW cascading, as suggested by T/S peaks, lower gas and radiogenic helium contents suggested by T/S peaks, lower gas and radiogenic helium contents and lower radionuclide activities and lower radionuclide activities
WW
EOW
bnl
seafloor
inloscillating interface
W. Plastino W. Plastino et alet al., ., The Benthic Boundary LayerThe Benthic Boundary Layer, IAEA, , IAEA, 20042004
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
• More attention should be devoted to the pre-earthquake studies of
geodynamic processes, especially on characteristics of fluids filling
the fractures before the main shock. Uranium in groundwater has
been testesd as a potential indicator of pre-earthquake processes
as it may be associated with geodynamics of preparation phases of
earthquakes.
• Another possible physical process during the pre- and post-phases
of the earthquake could be investigated: the first stage seems to
be characterized by U variations in groundwater that can modulate
the radon concentration, the second one (after the main shock) do
not show any U anomalies, justifying the different radon patterns
before and after the main shock.
Geodynamic Processes in the Earth’s Lithosphere and Geodynamic Processes in the Earth’s Lithosphere and MantleMantle
© J. Eikenberg, Paul Scherrer Institute© J. Eikenberg, Paul Scherrer Institute
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
HeHeRnRnRaRa 44
22222222
8686226226
8888
The emanating power of rocks is defined as the ratio between the amount of radon escaping from the solid matrix and that produced by radioactive decay.
Radium decay involves the release of the excess energy which is shared between the particle which forms (98.1%), and the new radon atom.
© United States Geological Survey© United States Geological Survey
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Plastino,W., Plastino,W., et al.et al., Uranium groundwater anomalies and L’Aquila earthquake, 6th April 2009 (Italy), J. Environ. , Uranium groundwater anomalies and L’Aquila earthquake, 6th April 2009 (Italy), J. Environ. Radioact. (2009), doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.009.Radioact. (2009), doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.009.
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Plastino,W., Plastino,W., et al.et al., Uranium groundwater anomalies and L’Aquila earthquake, 6th April 2009 (Italy), , Uranium groundwater anomalies and L’Aquila earthquake, 6th April 2009 (Italy), J. Environ. Radioact. (2009), doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.009.J. Environ. Radioact. (2009), doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.009.
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Plastino,W., Plastino,W., et al.et al., Uranium groundwater anomalies and L’Aquila earthquake, 6th April 2009 (Italy), J. Environ. , Uranium groundwater anomalies and L’Aquila earthquake, 6th April 2009 (Italy), J. Environ. Radioact. (2009), doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.009.Radioact. (2009), doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.009.
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
Wolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt
…….. there are a lot of computing demands impossible to solve .. there are a lot of computing demands impossible to solve using the memory and the computing power of a single or using the memory and the computing power of a single or limited numbers of workstationslimited numbers of workstations
The increasing computational power solves a lot of complex The increasing computational power solves a lot of complex problems in theoretical and experimental Physics……although it problems in theoretical and experimental Physics……although it produces a lot of more complex numerical problems…..it is a produces a lot of more complex numerical problems…..it is a beatifulbeatiful way to realize a way to realize a cooperative computingcooperative computing in order to in order to increase communications and cooperations between scientific increase communications and cooperations between scientific communitiescommunities
Conclusions
Memoria est thesaurus omnium rerum et custosMemoria est thesaurus omnium rerum et custos
Marcus Tullius Cicero, De oratore (1, 5, 18)Marcus Tullius Cicero, De oratore (1, 5, 18)
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Francesco BellaFrancesco Bellaandand
Alessandro Bettini, Eugenio Coccia, Giacomo Maurizio Cuttone, Mario Alessandro Bettini, Eugenio Coccia, Giacomo Maurizio Cuttone, Mario De Vincenzi, Mario Greco, Manfred Gröning, Pavel Povinec, Kazimierz De Vincenzi, Mario Greco, Manfred Gröning, Pavel Povinec, Kazimierz Rozanski, Federico Ruggieri, Ludovico Tortora, Lucia Votano…Arthur Rozanski, Federico Ruggieri, Ludovico Tortora, Lucia Votano…Arthur
Schopenhauer…..Schopenhauer…..
INFN-ERMES Roma Tre and LNGSINFN-ERMES Roma Tre and LNGSWolfango Plastino – Wolfango Plastino – Earth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth SciencesEarth and Environmental Physics in Mediterranean: GRID a powerful tool for Earth Sciences
2626thth January 2010, Cairo – Egypt January 2010, Cairo – Egypt