earth. physical characteristics of earth 1.spherical shape -satellite photos -curved shadow on moon...
TRANSCRIPT
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Earth
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Physical Characteristics of Earth
1. Spherical shape
-satellite photos
-curved shadow on moon during a lunar eclipse.
-approaching ships “rise” over the horizon
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Physical Characteristics of Earth
2. Rotation-Earth spins on its axis (an imaginary vertical line) causing night and day.-24 hours to rotate once on its axis-rotates 365 times in a year
Foucault’s Pendulum shows the Earth’s rotation as it swings
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3jr0DaV8N8
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Physical Characteristics of Earth3. Magnetic Field
-Movement of liquid iron inside Earth and its rotation create a magnetic field.
-Helps protect Earth from harmful CME’s from the sun.
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Physical Characteristics of Earth
4. Revolution
-Earth’s yearly orbit around the sun. (365 ¼ days)
-Path is elliptical in shape.
Farthest away
from sun in July
Closest to sun in January
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What causes the seasons?
??
?
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What do you know about the Seasons?
• Summer– NJ-warm, longer days,
June-August– Hawaii-80’s, 12 hours
of light– Alaska- up to 24 hours
of light– Australia-Dec-Feb
• Winter– NJ-cold, longer nights,
Dec-Feb– Hawaii- 70’s, 12 hrs of
light– Alaska-up to 24 hours
of darkness– Australia-June-Sept.
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Distance from the sun does NOT cause our seasons.
• If it did, we would all feel winter in July and summer in January. Even Hawaii would have a cold winter!
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Physical Characteristics of Earth
5. A Tilted Axis
23.5˚ tilt
-The Earth is always tilted the same direction during its yearly revolution around the sun.
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• Sunlight strikes the hemisphere tilted towards the sun more directly than the hemisphere tilted away.
• Summer occurs in the hemisphere tilted towards the sun. (direct light)
Sun
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Direct Light• Areas receiving direct light from the Sun
have a greater amount of sunlight, therefore higher temperatures.
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What season is it?
Sun
Northern Hemisphere-Winter
Southern Hemisphere-Summer
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So what causes the seasons?
• The Earth’s tilt causes the seasons!http://lhsgems.org/Presentations/SSS%203-8%20NSTA%202009%20final.ppt#362,35,Another Model for Distance
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Solstice• The day when the sun reaches its greatest
distance north or south of the equator.• Northern Hemisphere- (opposite of S. Hemi)
– Summer solstice: June 21 or 22 (longest period of daylight of the year)
– Winter solstice: December 21 or 22 (shortest period of daylight of the year)
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The sun’s path across the sky is higher in the summer and lower in
the winter
http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2011/10/about-time-beer-can-freezes-ti-1.html
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Equinox• When the sun is directly above the Earth’s
equator. Daylight hours are nearly equal all over Earth.– Neither the N. or S. Hemisphere is tilted
towards the sun.– Spring equinox-March 20 or 21– Fall equinox-September 22 or 23
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Seasons demos
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DD_8Jm5pTLk
• http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoanimations/animations/01_EarthSun_E2.html
http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys301/lectures/gas_planets/Seasons_Nav.swf
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Northern Hemisphere Solstice and Equinox positions
Seasons are opposite for the Southern Hemisphere
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Review Quiz
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Which diagram correctly shows Earth’s orbit around the sun?
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Identify for the N. Hemisphere:
1. Summer solstice
2. Winter solstice
3. Fall equinox
4. Spring equinox
A
D
C
B
Summer
Spring
Winter
Fall
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How do we know the Earth is a sphere?
-satellite photos
-curved shadow on moon during a lunar eclipse.
-approaching ships “rise” over the horizon
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What is an axis?
• The imaginary vertical line around which the Earth spins.
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What does “A” represent? What does “B” represent?
A
A-Revolution B-Rotation
B
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How long does one complete rotation take on Earth?
• 24 hours
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How long does one complete revolution of Earth take?
• 365 days (1 year)
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Why is a magnetic field important?
• It protects Earth from CME’s from the Sun
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How do we have a magnetic field?
• The motion of the liquid metal inside Earth and our daily rotation cause it.
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What causes the seasons?
• TILT! TILT! TILT!
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What season is it in the Southern Hemisphere?
• Summer-southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun = direct light = summer!
Sun
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What type of light makes hotter temperatures?
• Direct!
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Where is the sun during the equinox?
• Directly over the equator.
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What’s the difference between northern and southern
hemispheres’ seasons?• They are opposite!
Christmas (December) in Australia is warm!
Easter is celebrated in the fall (March or April)
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• http://www.teach-nology.com/worksheets/science/earth/4/