earth science, 6e edward j. tarbuck & frederick k. lutgens
TRANSCRIPT
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Earth Science, 6e
Edward J. Tarbuck & Frederick K. Lutgens
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Minerals, What for?
Do we need Minerals?
Name a few things made of minerals:
Example: Glass is made from…
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Minerals: the building blocks of rocks
Definition of a mineral • Natural• Inorganic• Solid• Possess an orderly internal structure of atoms • Have a definite chemical composition
Mineraloid - lacks an orderly internal structure
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Minerals
Physical properties of minerals • Crystal form• Luster• Color• Streak• Hardness versus Tenacity• Cleavage (breaks evenly)
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The mineral quartz often exhibits good crystal form
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Pyrite (fool’s gold) displays metallic luster
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Color, not reliable…
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Three examples of perfect cleavage – fluorite, halite,
and calcite
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Conchoidal fracture
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Minerals
Physical properties of minerals • Fracture (breaks unevenly)• Specific gravity (mineral heftiness)• Other properties
• Taste
• Smell
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Minerals
Physical properties of minerals • Other properties
• Feel
• Magnetism
• Double Refraction
• Reaction to hydrochloric acid
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Minerals
A few dozen minerals are called the rock-forming minerals (see page 35)
The eight elements that compose most rock-forming minerals are (see page 34)
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Minerals
Silicates Minerals (see page 35)
Most common mineral group (90% of minerals)
• Contain the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron • Four oxygen atoms surrounding a much smaller
silicon atom
• Combines with other atoms to form the various silicate structures
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The silicate (SiO4)-4 molecule
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Common silicate minerals
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Potassium feldspar
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Minerals
Nonsilicate Minerals ( see page 36)• Major groups
• Oxides
• Sulfides
• Sulfates
• Carbonates
• “Native” elements
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Native Copper
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Some common non-silicate minerals
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An underground halite (salt) mine
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The Bingham copper mine in Utah
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End of Chapter 1
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PRS Test on Minerals
Please do not talk to your neighbor during the test.
Thank you.
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1- This silicate (SiO4)-4 molecule hasa: 1 silicon 4 oxygen; or b:1 oxygen 4
silicon
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2 - Does this quartz mineral show a: Cleavage faces or b: Crystal form?
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3 - What is the luster displayed by this mineral ?
a: metallic; b: non metallic
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4 - Do these minerals have a: perfect cleavage; b: absence of cleavage
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5 - Does this mineral showa: good cleavage or b: conchoidal fracture?
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6 - What mineral is this?a: Calcite or b: Potassium Feldspar
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7 - What are the two minerals your fingernail can scratch?
a. Calcite and Gypsum
b. Gypsum and Talc
c. Talc and Calcite
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8 - The most reliable way to identify a carbonate mineral is by
a. Luster
b. Hardness
c. Streak
d. Reaction to Hydrochloric Acid
e. None of these
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9 - One of these minerals is a Sulfide
a. Calcite (CaCO3)
b. Quartz (SiO2)
c. Gypsum (CaSO4.H2O)
d. Pyrite (FeS2)
e. None of the above
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10 - Which term does not define a mineral?
a. Natural
b. Solid
c. Organic
d. Definite crystalline structure
e. Definite Chemical Composition
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11 - Which mineral has double refraction, hardness =3, and
reacts with hydrochloric acid?
a. Pyrite
b. Galena
c. Quartz
d. Calcite
e. None of these
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THE END
THAT’S ALL FOLKS!
THANK YOU!!!