earth systems crt review
DESCRIPTION
Earth Systems CRT Review. Observation, fact, inference. observation: using your senses to obtain information about the world around you Fact: something that has happened and in known to be true (you can see or measure it) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Earth Systems CRT Review
![Page 2: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Observation, fact, inference observation: using your senses to obtain
information about the world around you
Fact: something that has happened and in known to be true (you can see or measure it)
Inference: a conclusion based on a series of facts, a kind of “prediction" you did not see or measure it…yet)(“I smell McDonald’s”)
![Page 3: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Hypothesis and theoryHypothesis: an idea or explanation based
on observations that can be tested (“I think it smells like McDonald’s)
Theory: an explanation based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning…it has been “tested”
![Page 4: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Standard I: Students will understand the scientific evidence that supports theories that explain how the universe and solar system developed.
Objective 1: Describe the big bang theory and evidence supporting it.
Objective 2: Relate the structure and composition of the solar system to the processes that exist in the universe.
![Page 5: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Formation of Universe(Big Bang Theory Common Today) Models and theories have changed over time as new evidence
(observations) was obtained. Hubble- Red Shift (in light spectrum) supports a Big Bang by
showing that all stars are moving away from each other Expanding Universe- red shift supports the motion of stars and
galaxies away from each other and a central point where the big bang happened
Doppler effect: an apparent shift in the frequency of a wave due to the motion of an object
Big Bang- all of the matter and energy present today was compressed into a small space. -when hydrogen and helium formed- The rest of matter HEAVY ELEMENTS) formed in stars or supernova explosions by combining lighter elements
![Page 6: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Doppler effect
![Page 7: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Life Cycles of StarsStars are born (nebular theory)They all start like our sun converting
hydrogen into helium by high temperature and nuclear fusion
![Page 8: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
H-R DiagramHertzsprung-Russell
![Page 9: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
H-R DiagramHertzsprung-Russell
![Page 10: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
H-R DiagramHertzsprung-Russell
![Page 11: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Life Cycle of Stars by MASS
Nebula-gas and dust
Protostars
Star like our sun
Massive star
Red giant
Red supergiant
Planetary nebula
White dwarf then black dwarf?
supernovaNeutron star and/or black hole
![Page 12: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Standard II: Students will understand that the features of Earth’s evolving environment affect living systems, and that life on Earth is unique in the solar system.
Objective 1: Describe the unique physical features of Earth’s environment that make life on Earth possible.
Objective 2: Analyze how ecosystems differ from each other due to abiotic and biotic factors.
Objective 3: Examine Earth’s diversity of life as it changes over time.
![Page 13: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Life in the Universe As far as we know, Earth is the only planet with
life. Why? Earth has the right temperature,
atmosphere, and water to sustain life. Next closest planet? Mars-It does have an
atmosphere but not just like Earth’s), it has somewhat moderate temperatures (but too cold at times), it has polar ice caps (but not water or liquid water)
We are searching Mars for evidence of water for possible past life (although a fossil would be great)
![Page 14: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Diversity of ecosystemsLots of biodiversity Less biodiversity
Why is there sometimes more or less biomass?(Biomass is the total mass of living material)
WHY? WHY?
![Page 15: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Energy Flow
Sun-source of energy
Producers-plants-turn sunlight into food for consumers
Consumers- eat produces to get their energy
Decomposers- break down deadOrganisms to release CO2 and Nitrogen back into the environment
![Page 16: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Energy Flow
![Page 17: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Diversity of LifeBiodiversity means many different kinds of
life forms
![Page 18: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Dinosaur extinction theoryAn asteroid or large meteor hit Earth about
65 million years ago
![Page 19: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Dinosaur extinction theoryAn asteroid or large meteor hit Earth about
65 million years agoMeteor crater in Arizona; meteorite was thousands of time smaller
![Page 20: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Standard III: Students will understand that gravity, density, and convection move Earth’s plates and this movement causes the plates to impact other Earth systems.
Objective 1: Explain the evidence that supports the theory of plate tectonics.
Objective 2: Describe the process within Earth that result in plate motion and relate it to changes in other Earth systems.
![Page 21: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Continental driftAlfred Wegener proposed it 100 years agoHe had strong evidence of fossils, glacial
deposits, rocks, climateHe could not explain the forces that moved
the plates
![Page 22: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Continental drift
![Page 23: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Continental drift
![Page 24: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Earthquakes and volcanoesMost occur along plate boundaries
![Page 25: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Plate tectonicsEarth is divided into sections that move
about on convection currents in the upper mantle
![Page 26: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Plate tectonics: 3 boundary typesConvergent, divergent, transform
![Page 27: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Plate tectonics: 3 boundary typesConvergent, divergent, transform
Which type?
transform
![Page 28: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Plate tectonics: 3 boundary typesConvergent, divergent, transform
Which type?
divergent
Ex.: seafloor spreading
![Page 29: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Plate tectonics: 3 boundary typesConvergent, divergent, transform
Which type?
convergent
![Page 30: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Hawaiian Volcanoes: Hot Spot
![Page 31: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Standard IV: Students will understand that water cycles through and between reservoirs in the hydrosphere and affects the other spheres of the Earth system.Objective 1: Explain the water cycle in terms of its
reservoirs, the movement between reservoirs, and the energy to move water. Evaluate the importance of fresh water to the biosphere.
Objective 2: Analyze the physical and biological dynamics of the oceans.
![Page 32: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Water cycleThe sun is the source of energy
![Page 33: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
TidesCaused by gravity
![Page 34: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
TidesCaused by gravity
![Page 35: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The water cycle
![Page 36: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Physical and biological dynamics of the oceans
![Page 37: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Standard V: Students will understand that Earth’s atmosphere interacts with and is altered by the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
Objective 1: Describe how matter in the atmosphere cycles through other Earth systems.
Objective 2: Trace ways in which the atmosphere has been altered by living systems and has itself strongly affected living systems over the course of Earth’s history.
![Page 38: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Carbon DioxideGreenhouse effect: warming of Earth due
to greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane) trapped in the atmosphere
Greenhouse effect is increasing and has been for about the past 120 years
![Page 39: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Carbon DioxideFossils fuels- gas, coal, oilFossil fuels are a major source of carbon
dioxide
![Page 40: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Carbon cycle
![Page 41: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Carbon cycle
AnimalsPEOPLE
![Page 42: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Carbon dioxide levels and temperature increases
![Page 43: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Carbon dioxide levels and temperature increases
![Page 44: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
What would you conclude?Carbon dioxide change over time
Temperature change over time
Is there a link between carbon dioxide and temperature??
![Page 45: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
OzoneA special oxygen molecule that absorbs
ultraviolet light, protecting us from the sun.
![Page 46: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Standard VI: Students will understand the source and distribution of energy on Earth and its effects on Earth systems.
Objective 1: Describe the transformation of solar energy into heat and chemical energy on Earth and eventually the radiation of energy to space.
Objective 2: Relate energy sources and transformations to the effects on Earth systems.
![Page 47: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Weather and climateWeather- the condition of the atmosphere
right now (wind, temperature, precipitation, etc.)
Climate- the average weather over a long period of time.
![Page 48: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Coriolis effect
Due to Earth’s rotation wind and ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere appear to curve to the right
![Page 49: Earth Systems CRT Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816260550346895dd2bbd5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Coriolis effect
Due to Earth’s rotation wind and ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere appear to curve to the right