earth’s dynamic surface - exploreiowageology.org · earth’s dynamic surface uni – earth and...
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EARTH’S DYNAMIC SURFACE
UNI – Earth and Environmental Science
Geomorphology – EarthSci 3300/5300
UNIT ONE
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Variable Energy
Processes
Change
Products/landforms
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Geomorphology
Historical Process
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Geosphere Hydrosphere BiosphereIsostasy Climate & Climate Zones EcosystemsTectonics Hydrologic cycles HumansLithology & structures
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Geosphere
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Lithology
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Spatial-Temporal Range of Geomorphology
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GEOMORPHOLOGY’SFUNDAMENTAL
CONCEPTS
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REVIEW – in Syllabus • Concept 1. The same physical processes and laws that operate today
have operated throughout geologic time, although not necessarily always with the same intensity as now. (Uniformitarianism)
• Concept 2. Geologic structures are a dominant controlling factor/variable in the evolution of landforms and they are reflected in them.
• Concept 3. To a large degree the Earth’s surface relief is a product of geomorphic processes operating at differential rates.
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Conservation of Mass
I – O = ∆ST I = InputO = OutputST = Storage
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Conservation of EnergyEnergy is neither created or destroyed, only transferred…
Potential energy- Matter at rest
Kinetic energy - Matter in motion
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Material routingGeomorphic systems route/move material from eroding sources to depositional sinks.
Weathering Erosion Transportation
Deposition = Landscape evolution & dynamics
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Force Balances
Normal stressρ g z cosθ
Shear stressρ g z sinθ
ρ = density of matter
g = gravitational acceleration
z = thickness
θ = angle of slope
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Geomorphic thresholds
Physical, Chemical and or Biological conditions that when reached or exceeded trigger a CHANGE in state or shift t a new range of average conditions.
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Equilibrium and steady state
Steady state Vs. Dynamic state
Response time
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Recurrence intervals and magnitude frequency relationships Geomorphic events, while randomly distributed in time, generally have a characteristic/statistical recurrence interval, The average time between events of a similar magnitude.
Note:
A. Different environments may have different recurrence intervals for the same process.
B. Punctuated equilibrium –Frequent (small) vs. infrequent (large) events and landscape change
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Natural Feedbacks (Important)
Positive Negative
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Holocene Vs. Anthropocene Epochs
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Knowledge assessment – Chapter 1 –Due next class…
Questions – 2, 10, 16, 27, 29, 33, 34, 35 n = 8 Bonus – “A Brief History of Geomorphology” – Who is your favorite historical geomorphic person, and why?