earthjustice fracking petition

8/12/2019 Earthjustice Fracking Petition

1/30

ALASKA CALIFORNIA FLORIDA MID-PACIF IC NORTHEAST NORTHERN ROCKIES

NORTHWEST ROCKY MOUNTAIN WASHINGTON, DC INTERNATIONAL

156 WI L L I AM ST R EET , SU I T E 800 N EW Y O R K , N Y 10038 - 5326

T : 212 .791 .18 81 F : 212 .918 .155 6 E : n e o f f i c e @e a r t h j u s t i c e . o r g W : w w w . e a r t h j u s t i c e . o r g

August4,2011

BYHANDDELIVERY

LisaP.Jackson,Administrator

EnvironmentalProtectionAgency

ArielRiosBuilding

1200PennsylvaniaAvenue,NW

Washington,D.C. 20460

Re: CitizenPetitionunderToxicSubstancesControlActRegardingtheChemicalSubstances

andMixturesUsedinOilandGasExplorationorProduction

DearAdministratorJackson:

Theundersignedorganizations (Petitioners)herebypetition theU.S.Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) pursuant to section 21 of the Toxic Substances Control Act

(TSCA),15U.S.C.2620,topromulgaterulesprotectingpublichealthandtheenvironment

from the serious risks posed by chemical substances and mixtures used in oil and gas

explorationorproduction(E&PChemicals). Specifically,PetitionersrequestthatEPAadopt

a ruleunderTSCA section4, requiring thatmanufacturersandprocessorsofE&PChemicals

conducttoxicitytestingofallE&PChemicalsandidentifyallchemicalsubstancesandmixtures

tested. See id. 2603. Petitioners also seek promulgation of a rule under TSCA section 8,requiringmaintenanceandsubmissionofvariousrecordsrelatedtoE&PChemicals,callinginrecords of allegations of significant adverse reactions to E&P Chemicals, and requiring

submissionofallexistinghealthandsafetystudiesrelatedtoE&PChemicals. Seeid.2607(a),(c), (d). RulemakingunderTSCAsections4and8 isnecessary toensure that thehealthand

environmentalrisksposedbyE&PChemicalsarefullyunderstood.

EPA and the public lack adequate information about the health and environmental

effectsofE&PChemicals,whichareusedinincreasingamountstofacilitatetherapidexpansion

ofoilandgasdevelopment throughout theUnitedStates. Within thenext20years, theU.S.

DepartmentofEnergyexpectsgasproductiontoincreasebymorethanfourtrillioncubicfeet,1

which

could

translate

into

the

drilling

of

more

than

60,000

wells

in

the

Marcellus

Shale

in

Pennsylvaniaalone.2 Oilproduction,too,isontheriseforthefirsttimeinover20years,asa

*AlldocumentscitedinthefollowingfootnotesarereproducedontheenclosedCDRom.1U.S.DeptofEnergy,U.S.EnergyInfo.Admin.,AnnualEnergyOutlook2009,77(Mar.2009),availableathttp://www.eia.doe.gove/oiaf/aeo/pdf/trend_4.pdf.2SeeNelsJohnson,PennsylvaniaEnergyImpactsAssessment,Report1:MarcellusShaleNaturalGasandWind,NATURECONSERVANCY,12(Nov.15,2010),http://www.nature.org/media/pa/tnc_energy_analysis.pdf.


2/30

2



result of the recent exploitation of unconventional plays such as the Bakken andNiobrara

Shales.

Thegrowthoftheoilandgasindustryisattributabletothewidespreaduseofhydraulic

fracturing, a technology that involves highpressure injection of amix of fluids, sand, and

chemicalstostimulatethereleaseofoilandgasfromunconventionalformations. Oilandgasdevelopmentrequirestheuseofbothdrillingmuds,whichareusedtoshortendrillingtimeand

lubricatethedrillbit,andfracturingfluids,whichareusedtocreatefracturesintheformation

andtoholdthefracturesopen toreleasetheoilandgas. Drillingmudsandfracturingfluids

requiresimilarclassesofchemicaladditives,includingproppants,acids,breakers,bactericides,

biocides,claystabilizers,corrosioninhibitors,crosslinkers,frictionreducers,gellingagents,iron

controls,scaleinhibitors,andsurfactants.3 Welloperatorsvarythechemicaladditivesthatthey

use,based upon the characteristics of thewell and production objectives.4 More than ten

thousandgallonsofE&PChemicalsmaybeusedtofractureasinglewell.5

Underthe

current

regulatory

scheme,

manufacturers,

processors,

and

distributors

place

substantialquantitiesofE&PChemicals intocommercewithout firstdisclosingthechemicals

identity, toxicity, or health and environmental impacts. Chemical manufacturers and

processors are,moreover, under no obligation to conduct toxicity testing or to develop or

provide health and safety data for E&P Chemicals. As a result, the public lacks adequate

informationtoevaluatetherisksofharmtohealthandtheenvironmentposedbyexposureto

E&P Chemicals. Mounting reports of harm causedby E&P Chemicals, including injury to

people,animals,andaquatic life,anddegradationofair,water,andsoilquality,demonstrate

thatunregulatedE&PChemicalsmaypresentanunreasonableriskofharmtohealthand the

environment.

CongressenactedTSCAtoensuretheavailabilityofadequatedataonthehealthand

environmentaleffectsofchemicalsandtoassurethat...chemicalsubstancesandmixturesdo

3SeeN.Y.DeptofEnvtl.Conservation,Div.ofMineralRes.,DraftSupplementalGenericEnvironmental

ImpactStatementontheOil,Gas,andSolutionMiningRegulatoryProgram,545to551(2009),availableatftp://ftp.dec.state.ny.us/dmn/download/OGdSGEISFull.pdf(hereinafterDSGEIS);RonaldE.Bishop,Ph.D.,ChemicalandBiologicalRiskAssessmentforNaturalGasExtractioninNewYork,11(Mar.28,2011),http://www.ge.tt/#2VfEsZw(statingthatmosthydraulicfracturingadditivesarealsousedindrilling

fluids(ormuds)).4DSGEIS,supranote3,at533to534,599.5Seeid.at534(explainingthatfracturingfluidstypicallyarecomposedof98percentfreshwaterand

sandandtwopercentchemicals),592to593(statingthattheentiremultistagefracturingoperationfora

singlewellrequiresbetween2.4and7.8milliongallonsofwater);cf.TravisMadsen,JordanSchneider&

ErikaStaaf,IntheShadowoftheMarcellusBoom,PENNENVIRONMENTRESEARCH&POLICYCTR.,16(May2011),http://www.pennenvironment.org/uploads/49/f3/49f38a45f956d58a210d7e24a17ec26a/Inthe

ShadowoftheMarcellusBoom.pdf(estimatingthatonegaswellthatrequiresthreemilliongallonsof

fluidwouldrequireapproximately250,000poundsofchemicals).


3/30

3



notpresentanunreasonableriskofinjurytohealthortheenvironment.6 Atpresent,EPAand

the public lack adequate data about the identity of E&P Chemicals, the number of E&P

Chemicalsincommerce,significantadversereactionsposedbyE&PChemicals,andhealthand

environmentalhazards,exposures,andrisksposedbyE&PChemicals. Petitionersrequestthat

EPAensurethatE&PChemicalsdonotpresentanunreasonableriskofharmtohealthandthe

environmentbypromulgatingrulesunderTSCAsections4and8.

I. NeitherEPAsStudyofthePotentialDrinkingWaterImpactsofHydraulicFracturingnoraVoluntaryOnlineChemicalRegistryIsaSubstituteforRulemakingsUnder

TSCASections4and8.

EPAandotherorganizationsrecentlyhavemadeattemptstoaddressincreasedpublic

concernaboutthepotentialriskstohealthandtheenvironmentposedbyE&PChemicals. EPA

currentlyisconductingastudyofthepotentialimpactsofhydraulicfracturingondrinking

watersources.7 Inaddition,theGroundwaterProtectionCouncil(GWPC)andtheInterstate

Oiland

Gas

Compact

Commission

(IOGCC)

recently

created

an

online

registry

whereby

well

operatorsmayvoluntarilydisclosethechemicalstheyuseintheirfracturingoperations.8

NeitherEPAsstudynorthevoluntaryregistryimposesenforceablerequirementsupon

manufacturers,processors,ordistributorsofE&PChemicals,andrulemakingspursuantto

TSCAsections4and8arenecessarytofillthisgap.

A. EPAsStudy

EPAsstudyofthepossiblerelationshipsbetweenhydraulicfracturinganddrinking

waterwillnotreplacerulemakingsunderTSCAsections4and8. AlthoughE&PChemicalsdothreatendrinkingwatersupplies,theirpotentialtocauseharmtohealthandtheenvironment

doesnotstopthere.9 E&PChemicalsalsothreatenhumanhealthwhentheybecomeairborne,

andtheyposesignificantrisksofharmtosoilquality,habitatforbothterrestrialandaquatic

wildlife,andthehealthyfunctioningofcomplexecosystems.

615U.S.C.2601(b)(1),(3)(2006).7SeeEPA,OfficeofResearchandDev.,DraftPlantoStudythePotentialImpactsofHydraulicFracturing

onDrinkingWaterResources,atvii(Feb.2011),availableathttp://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/uic/class2/hydraulicfracturing/upload/HFStudyPlanDraft_SAB_0

20711.pdf(hereinafterEPAStudy)(Theoverallpurposeofthisstudyistounderstandtherelationship

betweenhydraulicfracturinganddrinkingwaterresources.).8SeeGWPC&IOGCC,FracFocusChemicalDisclosureRegistry,http://fracfocus.org/(lastvisitedAug.2,

2011).9SeeEPAStudy,supranote7,atviii(EPArecognizesthatthereareimportantpotentialresearchareas

relatedtohydraulicfracturingotherthanthoseinvolvingdrinkingwaterresources,includingeffectson

airquality,aquaticandterrestrialecosystemimpacts,seismicrisks,publicsafetyconcerns,occupational

risks,andeconomicimpacts. Thesetopicsareoutsidethescopeofthecurrentstudy,butshouldbe

examinedinthefuture.).


4/30

4



Tofacilitateitsstudy,EPAdirectedinformationalrequeststoninehydraulicfracturing

serviceproviders,yetonlyfiveofthoseserviceprovidersalsomanufactureorprocessE&P

Chemicals.10 Byrelyinglargelyonserviceproviderstorelaysecondhandinformationfrom

manufacturers,EPAsrequestsfailtoreachmanyofthoseresponsibleforintroducingE&P

Chemicalsintocommerceinthefirstplace.11 BecausemanufacturersofE&PChemicalsoftendiscloseminimalinformationaboutproductcompositionstotheircustomers,anyresponses

submittedbytheserviceprovidersarelikelytobeincomplete.12 Serviceproviders,moreover,

frequentlyresistdisclosure. Infact,noneofserviceprovidersrespondedtoEPAsrequest

withinthe30daydeadlineestablishedintheletters,andoneofthemHalliburtonpromised

complianceonlyafterEPAsubpoenaedtheinformation.

EPAsstudyfallsshortofTSCArulemakingsbecauseitwillnotrequiremanufacturers

andprocessors of E&PChemicals to takeproactive efforts to conduct testing or to develop

healthandsafetydataneededtoevaluatethehealthandenvironmentalrisksoftheirsubstances

andmixtures.

Instead,

EPAs

study

simply

requires

service

providers

to

gather

information

availabletothemmuchofwhichisobtainedfromthemanufacturersandsubmitittoEPA.

EPAthenwillundertakeitsowneffortstoevaluatetheinformationsubmittedtodeterminethe

effectsofhydraulicfracturingondrinkingwatersupplies. RulemakingsunderTSCAsections4

and 8, on the other hand, would hold manufacturers and processors of E&P Chemicals

responsible forgathering information, testing theirproducts,anddevelopingand submitting

healthandsafetyreports.13

B. TheVoluntaryRegistryThe GWPC and the IOGCC recently created an online registry throughwhichwell

operatorsmayvoluntarilydisclosethechemicalsthattheyuseinhydraulicfracturingofoiland

10EPAissuedvoluntaryinformationrequeststothefollowingninenaturalgasservicecompanies: BJ

Services,CompleteProductionServices,Halliburton,KeyEnergyServices,PattersonUTI,PRC,Inc.,

Schlumberger,SuperiorWellServices,andWeatherford. SeePressRelease,EPA,EPAFormallyRequests

InformationfromCompaniesAboutChemicalsUsedinNaturalGasExtraction(Sept.9,2010),

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/e77fdd4f5afd88a3852576b3005a604f/ec57125b66353b7e8525779

9005c1d64!OpenDocument. OnlyfiveofthecompaniesBJServices,Inc.,Halliburton,Schlumberger,

SuperiorWellServices,andWeatherfordalsofunctionasmanufacturersorprocessorsofE&P

Chemicals. EPAdidnotserveinformationrequestsonothermanufacturersandprocessorsofE&P

Chemicals,suchasCuddEnergyServices,NalcoEnergyServices,SanjelUSA,andAquanessChemical.11SeeTEDX,HealthEffectsSummaryStatement,5(Jan.27,2011),

http://www.endocrinedisruption.com/chemicals.multistate.php(followlinktosummarystatement)

(explainingthatdrillingandfracturingcontractorscompanieslargelyrelyoninformationfromchemical

manufacturerswhenrespondingtorequestsabouttheidentityofthechemicalstheyuseatwellsites).12Id.13See15U.S.C.2601(b)(1).


5/30

5



gaswells.14 Welloperators thatchoose touse the registryhave theopportunity touploada

variety of information about the chemicals they use at eachwell, including their functional

purposes,ingredients,concentrations,andCASnumbers.15 Thisvoluntaryregistryisdesigned

to allow the public to identify the chemicalsbeing used at specific wells at least those

chemicalsthatarevoluntarilydisclosed.

LikeEPAsstudy,thevoluntaryregistryisnotaimedatthemanufacturers,processors,

anddistributorsofE&PChemicalswhoareanswerableunderTSCA. Moreover, theregistry

doesnotimposeanyenforceablerequirementsuponthewellownersandoperatorsthatmake

orchoosenot tomakevoluntarydisclosures. Because theregistry isbaseduponvoluntary

disclosures, operatorsmay choose to disclose only those chemicals posing the least risk to

healthandtheenvironment,andthepubliccouldreceivemisleadingorselectiveinformation.

II. RulemakingsUnderTSCASections4and8AreNecessarytoFillSignificantGapsin

FederalRegulationofE&PChemicals.

Federal agencies have extremely limited authority to regulate E&P Chemicals.16

Hydraulic fracturing is exempt from regulation under the Underground Injection Control

programoftheSafeDrinkingWaterAct,exceptwheninjectedfluidscontaindieselfuel.17 Were

hydraulic fracturingnotspecificallyexcluded from thedefinitionofunderground injection,

theoilandgas industrywouldbe required todisclose inmandatorypermitapplications the

sourceandanalysisofthephysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofallofthechemicalsinjected

belowgroundtostimulateoilandgasproduction.18 Thisexemption,commonlyknownasthe

HalliburtonLoophole,allows theoilandgas industry toconcealchemical formulasand to

injecttoxicfluidsneardrinkingwatersupplieswithoutEPAoversight.19

14SeeFracFocusChemicalDisclosureRegistry,supranote8.15TheChemicalAbstractsServiceisadivisionoftheAmericanChemicalSocietyandtheworlds[sic]

authorityforchemicalinformation. CAS,FAQListandInformationforNewVisitors,

http://www.cas.org/aboutcas/faq.html(lastvisitedAug.2,2010). ACASNumberprovidesan

unambiguouswaytoidentifyachemicalsubstanceormolecularstructurewhentherearemanypossible

systematic,generic,proprietary,ortrivialnames. Id.16SeeMemorandumfromHenryA.Waxman&EdwardJ.MarkeytoMembersoftheSubcommitteeon

EnergyandEnvironment,ExaminingthePotentialImpactofHydraulicFracturing,2(Feb.18,2010),

availableathttp://democrats.energycommerce.house.gov/Press_111/20100218/hydraulic_fracturing_memo.pdf.1742U.S.C.300h(d)(1)(B)(ii).18EPAForm75206:UndergroundInjectionControlPermitApplication,5(rev.Dec.2008),availableathttp://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/pdfs/reportingforms/75206.pdf.19SeeTracyCarluccio,WillWeSacrificeOurWaterforGas?,OUTDOORAMERICA,Spring2010,at2728,availableathttp://www.iwla.org/index.php?ht=a/GetDocumentAction/i/4272.


6/30

6



TheoilandgasindustryalsoavoidsregulationundertheResourceConservationand

RecoveryAct(RCRA),whichsetsthestandardsforhandlinganddisposalofhazardous

wastes.20Wastescreatedbyoilandgasexplorationandproduction,includingE&PChemicals

presentindrillingfluidsandproducedwaters,arenotsubjecttoregulationunderRCRA.21

WereoilandgaswastessubjecttoRCRA,thosechargedwithhandlingthewasteswouldbe

requiredtodemonstratethatthewasteswere,forexample,stored,transported,anddisposedofinawaynotharmfultotheenvironment.22

Inaddition,theoilandgasindustryisexemptfromtheprovisionoftheEmergency

PlanningandCommunityRighttoKnowAct(EPCRA),underwhichEPArequiresindustrial

andfederalfacilitieswithmorethantenemployeestoreportthetoxicchemicalstheyrelease,

store,andtransfer.23 Specifically,anyfacilitythatmanufacturesorprocessesachemicalin

amountsoverstatutorythresholdsmustsubmitformsdetailingthechemicalidentities,uses,

andvolumes;aswellasonsitewastetreatmentandrecyclingmethodsandoffsitetransfer

locations.24 Thechemicalinformationcontainedinthesereports,whereotherwisemandatedby

EPCRA,is

made

publicly

available

in

the

Toxic

Release

Inventory,

which

is

updated

annually

andservestoinformcommunitiesandcitizensofchemicalhazardstowhichtheymaybe

exposed.25

Although a few federal regulations require storage facilities and manufacturers to

disclosecertain informationabout thechemicals theystoreandmanufacture, the information

gatheredpursuanttotheseregulationsisextremelylimitedandnotreadilyavailabletoEPAor

thepublic. First,underEPCRA,ownersandoperatorsofstoragefacilitiesholdinginexcessof

10,000poundsofanyhazardouschemicalmustsubmitchemicalinventoryinformation(TierII

reports) to the state emergency response commission (SERC), local emergency planning

committee(LEPC),andthelocalfiredepartmentintheareawherethefacilitiesarelocated.26

EverystateimplementingthefederalprogramhasdifferentTierIIreportingrequirements,and

the forms required tobe completedby the storage facilitiesmay differby county andby

20See42U.S.C.6921(b)(2)(A).21Seeid.([D]rillingfluids,producedwaters,andotherwastesassociatedwiththeexploration,development,orproductionofcrudeoilornaturalgasorgeothermalenergyshallbesubjectonlyto

existingStateorFederalregulatoryprogramsinlieuofthissubchapter....).22See42U.S.C.6922.2340C.F.R.372.22.,372.23(2011).24Id.372.25,375.28;EPA,FormR:ApprovedOMBNo.20250009(2010),

http://www.epa.gov/tri/report/formR/RY2010_FormR_010511.pdf.25Seeid.2642U.S.C.11022(a)(1);40C.F.R.317.10(settingthethresholdforTierIIreportsat10,000poundsfor

hazardoussubstancesand500poundsforextremelyhazardoussubstances).


7/30

7



company.27 ToobtainTierIIreports,moreover,thepublicmustrequesttheminwritingfrom

anSERCorLEPC.28

Second,underEPCRAandtheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAct,manufacturersand

importersofE&PChemicalsarerequiredtodisclosecertainchemicalsonmaterialsafetydata

sheets(MSDSs),whicharedesignedtoprotectemployeesworkingwithhazardouschemicals

byinformingthemabouttherisksassociatedwiththosechemicals.29 MSDSsaregovernedby

regulationspromulgatedby theOccupational Safety andHealthAdministration (OSHA).30

Withorbeforetheinitialshipment,manufacturersandimportersmustprovideMSDSstoany

distributororemployerreceiving theirproducts,andemployersmustkeep theMSDSs in the

workplaceandmakethemreadilyaccessibletoemployees.31 Employersrequired tomaintain

MSDSs at their facilities must file them with the SERC, LEPC, and fire department with

jurisdictionoverthefacility.32 ThepublicmayobtainMSDSsonlyuponwrittenrequesttostate

andlocalagencies.33

MSDSsaretheprimarymeansbywhichthepublichasbeenabletoobtaininformationabout E&P Chemicals, yet the information they provide is inadequate to identify the full

spectrum of E&PChemicals or to evaluate the chemicals health and environmental effects.

This inadequacy results from OSHAs regulations governing MSDSs, which limit the

informationrequiredtobedisclosedinseveralways. First,onlyhazardouschemicalsneedto

bedisclosedonMSDSs,andachemicalmusthavebeensubjecttosignificant testingbefore it

willbeconsideredhazardousundertheregulations.34 Thereis,however,norequirementthat

E&PChemicalseverbetested. Second,evenwhereachemicalthathasbeensufficientlytested

qualifiesashazardous,themanufacturermayoptnottodiscloseit ifitconstituteslessthan

onepercentof thevolumeof theproduct (or0.1percentof thevolumeof theproduct if the

27See,e.g.,EPA,TierIIChemicalInventoryReports/TierIISubmit,

http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/epcra/tier2.htm(lastvisitedAug.2,2011)(providinglinkstothe

differentreportingrequirementsofeachofthe50states).2840C.F.R.370.61.2942U.S.C.11021(a)(1);29U.S.C.655;29C.F.R.1910.1200(g)(1)(requiringchemicalmanufacturers

andimporterstoobtainordevelopanMSDSforeachhazardouschemicaltheyproduceorimport).3029C.F.R.1910.1200.31Id.1910.1200(g)(6)(i),(8).3242U.S.C.11021(a)(1).33See40C.F.R.370.60.34See29C.F.R.1910.1200(c). A[h]azardouschemicalmeansanychemicalwhichisaphysicalhazardorahealthhazard. Id. Aphysicalhazardisachemicalforwhichthereisscientificallyvalidevidencethatitisacombustibleliquid,acompressedgas,explosive,flammable,anorganicperoxide,anoxidizer,

pyrophoric,unstable(reactive)orwaterreactive. Id. Ahealthhazardisachemicalforwhichthereisstatisticallysignificantevidencebasedonatleastonestudyconductedinaccordancewithestablished

scientificprinciplesthatacuteorchronichealtheffectsmayoccurinexposedemployees. Id.


8/30

8



chemical is a carcinogen).35 Third, a hazardous chemical need not be disclosed if the

manufacturer claims that its identity is a trade secret.36 Themanufacturer unilaterallymay

withhold specific chemical information as proprietary if it determines that the trade secret

classificationcanbesupported.37

Above all, MSDSs are an inadequate source of information because the chemicalmanufacturershavewidediscretioninpreparingthesheets.38 OSHApublisheslittleguidance

as towhether a chemical is hazardous and insteaddirects themanufacturers to conduct a

thorough evaluation as towhether a chemicalmustbe disclosed.39 OSHA recognizes four

separate lists identifying chemicals that are automatically hazardous as defined by the

regulations,40but these lists are incomplete, contain only chemicals that already havebeen

testedextensively,andareneitheruserfriendlynorreadilyunderstoodbytheordinarycitizen.

Moreover, federal regulators provide little oversight in themanufacturers decisionmaking

process.41 Given thebroadexceptions carvedout inOSHAs regulations, themanufacturers

amplediscretion,andOSHAslackofoversight,theregulationsdonotprovidemuchincentive

fordisclosure

on

MSDSs.

Inpractice,whenpreparingMSDSs,manufacturersofE&PChemicalstakeadvantageof

the amplediscretion providedbyOSHAs regulations and omit vital information about the

chemical composition of their products.42 For example, although manufacturers have

35Seeid.1910.1200(d)(5)(ii).36Seeid.1910.1200(g)(2)(i).37Id.1910.1200(i)(1)(i).38See,e.g.,29C.F.R.1910.1200,App.B(Hazardevaluationisaprocesswhichreliesheavilyonthe

professionaljudgment

of

the

evaluator);

seealsoTEDX,HealthEffectsSummaryStatement,supranote11,at1(Theaccuracyandcompleteness[ofMSDSs]areentirelyuptothecompanythatproducesthe

MSDS).3929C.F.R.1910.1200,App.B.40ChemicalmanufacturersmusttreatachemicalashazardousandlistitonanMSDSifitislisted(1)in29

C.F.R.part1910,subpartZ,(2)ontheThresholdLimitValuesforChemicalSubstancesandPhysical

AgentsintheWorkEnvironment,AmericanConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrialHygienists(latest

edition),(3)asacarcinogenbytheNationalToxicologyProgram,or(4)asacarcinogenbytheAnnual

ReportonCarcinogens,InternationalAgencyforResearchonCancerMonographs. Seeid.

1910.1200(d)(3)(4).41See29C.F.R.1910.1200,App.B. OSHAdoesnotinterveneinthedecisionmakingprocessofthe

manufacturerswhenpreparingMSDSs;however,uponOSHAsrequest,manufacturersmustbeableto

demonstratethattheyhaveadequatelyascertainedthehazardsofthechemicalsproducedorimported.

Id.42TheoColborn,CarolKwiatkowski,KimSchultz,&MaryBachran,NaturalGasOperationsfromaPublicHealthPerspective,INTLJ.HUMAN&ECOLOGICALRISKASSESSMENT(forthcoming2011)(manuscriptat7),http://www.endocrinedisruption.com/files/Oct2011HERA1048forweb3311.pdf. TEDXstudiedwhatit

referstoaschemicalproducts,whichcontainavarietyofchemicalsubstances. AlthoughTEDXdoes

notusethetermmixtureasitisdefinedunderTSCA,thefracturingproductsevaluatedinTEDXs


9/30

9



distributedhundredsofMSDSs forproductsused ingasdevelopment,astudyperformedby

The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX), a nonprofit organization that provides

scientificinformationaboutendocrinedisruptors,demonstratesthattheseMSDSsarefraught

withgaps.43 Ofthe980MSDSsgatheredbyTDEX,421ofthemrepresenting43percentofthe

chemicalproductsdisclosedlessthanonepercentoftheproductschemicalcomposition.44 Of

theremainingMSDSs,only133ofthemrepresentingonly14percentofthechemicalproductsdisclosedmorethan95percentoftheproductschemicalcomposition.45 Inaddition,manyof

theseMSDSseitherprovidedfunctionaldescriptionsinplaceofchemicalingredientsoromitted

CAS numbers.46 As TEDX explained, its review demonstrates that MSDSs can easily be

inaccurateandincomplete.47

III. Rulemakings Under TSCA Sections 4 and 8 Are Necessary to Fill Gaps in State

RegulationofE&PChemicals.

Moststatesdonotroutinelydisclosetothepublic informationtheyreceiveaboutE&P

Chemicals,evenwhentheinformationisnotclaimedtobeproprietary,andnostateisrequiring

toxicitytestingordevelopmentofhealthandsafetydata. WyominghasimplementedthemostfarreachingregulationsgoverningdisclosureofE&PChemicals,yeteventheseregulationsfall

shortofwhat a rulemakingunderTSCA sections4 and 8wouldprovide. Wyomings rules

require that well owners and operators disclose to the states Oil and Gas Conservation

Commission(WYOGCC)theidentitiesandconcentrationsofallchemicalsthatwillbeusedat

eachwell site.48 Wyomings rules, however,do not require toxicity testing or disclosure of

health and environmental impacts of the chemicals. Moreover, like EPAs current study,

Wyomings rulesdo not reachmanufacturers,processors, ordistributors ofE&PChemicals,

unlessthewellowneroroperatorisacompanysuchasHalliburtonorSchlumbergerthatalso

manufactures,processes,ordistributesE&PChemicals.

Wyomingsnewlyenactedregulationsandtheoilandgasindustrysresponsetothem

demonstratethattheoilandgasindustry isresistanttodisclosureofE&PChemicals. Infact,

sinceWyomings regulationswereenacted inAugust2010, theWYOGCChas receivedmore

studymeetTSCAsdefinitionofmixture. See15U.S.C.2602(8)(Thetermmixturemeansany

combinationoftwoormorechemicalsubstancesifthecombinationdoesnotoccurinnatureandisnot,in

wholeorinpart,theresultofachemicalreaction;exceptthatsuchtermdoesincludeanycombination

whichoccurs,inwholeorinpart,asaresultofachemicalreactionifnoneofthechemicalsubstances

comprisingthecombinationisanewchemicalsubstanceandifthecombinationcouldahavebeen

manufacturedforcommercialpurposeswithoutachemicalreactionatthetimethechemicalsubstances

comprisingthemixturewerecombined.).43Colborn,supranote42,manuscriptat7.44TEDX,HealthEffectsSummaryStatement,supranote11,at2.45Id.46Id.at1.47Colborn,supranote42,manuscriptat7.48SeeWy.CodeR.OilGen.Ch.345(d).


10/30

10



than 90 trade secret claims for E&PChemicals.49 Although some of those submitting trade

secret claims disclosed all ingredients except for those chemical substances claimed to be

proprietary,otherssubmittedblanketconfidentialityclaimsandrefusedtodiscloseanyofthe

chemicalsubstancesusedatthewellsitesonthegroundsthatsomeofthemwereproprietary.50

AlthoughTSCAalsoprovidesanopportunityformanufacturers,processors,anddistributorsto

presenttradesecretclaims,EPAcurrentlyisundertakingeffortstoensurethatTSCAslimitedtradesecretprovisionsarenotabusedandthathealthandsafetyinformationsubmittedunder

TSCAismadepubliclyavailable.51

IV. There Is Insufficient InformationAvailable toPermitaReasonedEvaluationof the

HealthandEnvironmentalEffectsofE&PChemicals.

In the absence of a federal rulemaking requiring disclosure of the identities of E&P

Chemicalsand informationabout thechemicalshealthandenvironmental impacts, scientific

organizations and state agencies, including TEDX and the New York State Department of

EnvironmentalConservation

(NYSDEC),

have

undertaken

efforts

to

evaluate

the

health

risks

posedbyE&PChemicals. TworeportspublishedbyTEDXandNYSDEC,respectively,analyze

thehealtheffectsofallchemicalsubstancesforwhichTEDXandNYSDECcouldlocateaCAS

number.52 Thesereportsdonotanalyzeanyhealtheffectsrelatedtochemicalmixtures,inlarge

partbecausemanufacturersandprocessorsrarelydisclosethecompletechemicalcomposition

of theirproducts.53 Read together, these reportsdemonstrate that the information currently

49SeeTelephoneConversationbetweenMeganKlein,AssociateAttorney,Earthjustice,andGaryStrong,ProjectGeologist,WyomingOilandGasConservationCommission(Mar.21.2011).Mr.Strongstated

that,to

his

knowledge,

91

trade

secret

claims

had

been

made

since

the

regulations

became

effective

on

August17,2010,buthenotedthatthisnumbercouldincludeduplicateclaimsorclaimsmadefor

chemicalsneveractuallyusedatthewellsites. Id.Wyomingsregulationsprovidethatconfidentiality

protectionshallbeprovidedfortradesecrets,andprivilegedandconfidentialinformationwhenthe

partyseekingtowithholddisclosureprovideswrittendocumentationofthenatureandextentofthe

proprietaryinformation.Wy.CodeR.OilGen.Ch.345(f).50SeeTelephoneConversationbetweenKleinandStrong,supranote49.51See15U.S.C.2613(a)(providingstatutoryauthorityunderwhichthechemicalindustry,orEPAafter

obtainingtheinformationfromthechemicalindustry,maywithholdcertaininformationasconfidential

businessinformation(CBI)),id.2613(b)(indicatingthat,outsideoflimitedcircumstances,information

disclosedaspartofhealthandsafetydatamaynotbewithheldasCBI);75Fed.Reg.29,754,29,754(May

27,2010)(announcingthatEPAwillbeginreviewingCBIclaimsforhealthandsafetydatatoensureall

CBIclaimsforchemicalidentitiesaresupportableunderTSCA);seealsoid.at29,755(indicatingthatitsreviewofCBIclaimswillmakemorehealthandsafetyinformationavailabletothepublicandsupport

animportantmissionoftheAgencytopromotepublicunderstandingofthepotentialrisksposedby

chemicalsubstancesincommerce).52SeeDSGEIS,supranote3,at525(identifying260chemicalsubstances);cf.TEDX,HealthEffects

SummaryStatement,supranote11,at3(identifying649chemicalsubstances).53SeeTEDX,HealthEffectsSummaryStatement,supranote11,at1.


11/30

11



availableisinsufficienttoidentifythefullspectrumofE&PChemicalsortopermitareasoned

evaluationoftheirhealthandenvironmentaleffects.

A. TEDXReportIn an attempt todetermine the identityofE&PChemicalsand to evaluate thehealth

effects associatedwith them, TEDX gathered information frommultiple sources, including

MSDSs,stateTierIIreports,EnvironmentalImpactStatementandEnvironmentalAssessment

disclosures,rulemakingdocuments,andaccidentandspillreports.54 TEDXsreviewspanned

severalyearsandrequiredTEDXtomatchthechemicalsubstancesthatcouldbeidentifiedby

CASnumberwithavailablehealthdata. Afterperforming thisextensiveand laborintensive

review,TEDX concluded that healthdatawas available for only a small percentage of the

chemicalsinuseinthegasindustry.55

Usingtheavailableinformation,TEDXwasabletoformalistof980productscontaining

649chemical

substances.

56It

was

not

possible

reliably

to

determine

the

health

effects

of

almost

halfofthesubstancesidentifiedbecauseTEDXcouldnotlocateCASnumbersforthem.57 The

remainingsubstances thatcouldbe identifiedbyCASnumberwereassociatedwithmultiple

health effects, including effects on human sensory, respiratory, gastrointestinal, nervous,

immune,cardiovascular,andendocrinesystems. Specifically,over78percentofthesubstances

thatcouldbeidentifiedbyCASnumberwereassociatedwithseriousshorttermhealtheffects

such as burning eyes, rashes, coughs, sore throats, asthmalike effects, nausea, vomiting,

headaches,dizziness,tremors,andconvulsions.58 Between22and47percentoftheidentifiable

substances also were associated with longerterm health effects, including cancer, organ

damage, and harm to the endocrine system.59 In addition, 48 percent of the identifiable

substanceshadotherhealtheffectsnotspecificallyclassifiedasshort or longterm,suchas

changes in weight, effects on teeth and bones, and death.60 Because the full chemical

composition of the vast majority of the products was not available, TDEX was not able

comprehensivelytoevaluatethehealtheffectsofthemixturesusedingasdevelopment.

54TEDX,HealthEffectsSummaryStatement,supranote11,at1.55Colborn,supranote42,manuscriptat12.56SeeTEDX,HealthEffectsSpreadsheet(2010),http://www.endocrinedisruption.com/files/

MultistateSpreadsheet32211States.xls.57SeeTEDX,HealthEffectsSummaryStatement,supranote11,at3(indicatingtheTEDXcouldnotlocate

CASnumbersfor44percentofthechemicalsidentified).58Id.59Id.60Id.


12/30

12



B. NYSDECAnalysis

Inanattempt toanalyze thehealtheffectsof fracturingchemicals likely tobeusedat

well sites inNewYork State,NYSDEC collectedMSDSs and sought additional information

fromwellserviceprovidersandchemicalmanufacturers.61 From the information itobtained,

NYSDEC compiled a list of 260 chemical substances used within 197 fracturing products,

although full chemical composition information was available for only 152 products.62NYSDECs review of the identifiable chemical substances and mixtures demonstrated that

[c]ompoundspecific toxicitydataarevery limited formanychemicaladditives to fracturing

fluids.63 Lackingcompoundspecific toxicitydata,NYSDECgrouped thesubstancesby their

chemicalstructuresandthenmatchedeachgroupofsubstanceswithhealthrisksidentifiedby

theNewYorkStateDepartmentofHealth.64 Listedbelowaresomeofthegroupsofchemical

substancesidentifiedintheDSGEISandtheadversehealtheffectsassociatedwiththosegroups:

BTEXcompounds(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,andxylene): damagetothenervoussystem,liver,kidneysandbloodcellformingtissues;

Petroleumdistillateproducts: adverseeffectsonthegastrointestinalsystemandcentralnervoussystem,skinirritation,blistering,andpeeling; Quarternary ammonium compounds, which can react with disinfectants used in

drinkingwatersystemstoformnitrosamines: geneticdamageandcancer;

Microbicides: respiratoryandgastrointestinaldamageaswellasdamagetothekidneys,liver,andnervoussystem;

Formaldehyde:irritationoftheskin,eyes,nose,andthroat,alongwithincreasedtearing;nasopharyngealandlymphohematopoieticcancer;65

Glycolethers: damagetomalereproductivesystemsandredbloodcellformation;and 1,4dioxane: eyeandnoseirritation,liverandkidneydamage,andlivercancer.

AlthoughNYSDECwas able to identify a range of adverse health impacts associatedwith

groupsoffracturingchemicals,NYSDECacknowledgedthatitsanalysisofthehealtheffectsof

fracturingchemicalswas incomplete,because itwasnotable to identifyhealthdata forevery

chemicalineachgroup.66

61DSGEIS,supranote3,at552to562. Inadditiontothe260chemicals,theproductsidentifiedalso

contained40compoundswhichrequirefurtherdisclosuresincemanyaremixtures. Id.at535.62Id.at535.63Id.at553.64Id.at552,563to566.65EPArecentlyreleasedadraftformaldehydeinhalationassessmentthatidentifiesformaldehydeasa

widelyrecognizedcarcinogen. EPA,IRISToxicologicalReviewofFormaldehydeInhalationAssessment

(ExternalReviewDraft),EPA/635/R10/002A,at4.1.2(2010).66SeeDSGEIS,supranote3,at561.


13/30

13



V. E&P Chemicals May Present an Unreasonable Risk of Harm to Human Health,

TerrestrialandAquaticLife,andtheEnvironment.

Numerous incidents of exposure toE&PChemicalsdemonstrate thatE&PChemicals

maypresentanunreasonableriskofharmtohealthandtheenvironmentateverystageofoil

andgasdevelopment, including storage, transportation, treatment, anddisposal. Leaks andspillsofE&PChemicalshavebeenreportedfromWyomingtoPennsylvania.67 In2010alone,at

least34milliongallonsofcrudeoilandE&PChemicalswerespillednationwide.68 TheNew

MexicoOil andGasConservationDivisionhas identified close to 400 cases of groundwater

contamination fromoilandgaspitsstatewide.69 Datagatheredby theColoradoOilandGas

ConservationCommissionindicatedthatinthestateofColoradotherewere134spillsofoiland

gas products, including drillingmuds and fracturing fluids,between 2003 and 2008.70 The

PennsylvaniaLandTrustreviewedrecordsofviolationsbyservicecompaniesoperatinginthe

Marcellus ShalebetweenJanuary 2008 and August 2010, and found that therewere 1,056

violationslikelytohavecausedenvironmentalharm.71

E&P Chemicals frequently are found in drinking water supplies near oil and gas

development sites. Testingofdrinkingwaterwells inDimock,Pennsylvaniaa small town

withmorethan60gaswellsinaninesquaremilearea72revealedhighlevelsoftolueneand

ethylbenzene, which are carcinogenic chemicals believed to aid the fracturing process.73

ResidentsofSubletteCounty,Wyomingtestedtheirdrinkingwaterwellsandfoundfluoride

which is listed inHalliburtons hydraulic fracturingpatent applications and can causebone

damageathighlevelsatalmostthreetimesEPAsmaximumlimit.74 Apoorlylinedpitnear

67JadMouawad&CliffordKrauss,DarkSideofaNaturalGasBoom,N.Y.TIMES,Dec.7,2009,atB1,availableathttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/08/business/energyenvironment/08fracking.html.68ArmenKeteyian,OilandGasIndustrySpillsHappenAlltheTime,CBSNEWS,Apr.12,2011,http://www.cbsnews.com/830131727_1622005404210391695.html.69NewMexicoEnergy,Minerals,andNaturalResourcesDepartment,GroundwaterImpactUpdate

spreadsheet(2010),http://www.emnrd.state.nm.us/ocd/documents/GW_Impact_updTbl_000.xls.70Exhibit1toConsolidatedFinalPrehearingStatementoftheOilandGasAccountabilityProjectetal.,InreChangestoR.&Regs.ofOil&GasConservationCommnofColo.,No.0803RM02(2008),availableathttp://cogcc.state.co.us/RuleMaking/PartyStatus/FinalPrehearingStmts/OGAPExh1.pdf(indicatingthat

therewere134spillsofotherproducts,whichincludeddieselfuel,glycol,amine,lubricatingoil,

hydraulicfracturingfluids,drillingmuds,otherchemicals,andnaturalgasleaks).71PennsylvaniaLandTrustAssociation,MarcellusDrillersinPennsylvaniaAmass1,614ViolationsSince

20081,056IdentifiedasMostLikelytoHarmtheEnvironment(Oct.2010),

http://conserveland.org/violationsrpt(followlinktoDownloadReport).72See,e.g.,ChristopherBateman,AColossalFrackingMess,VANITYFAIR,June21,2010,availableathttp://www.vanityfair.com/business/features/2010/06/frackinginpennsylvania201006.73MichaelRubinkam,Report:FrackingChemicalsinNEPa.WaterWells,ABCNEWS,Sept.16,2010,http://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory?id=11653140&page=1.74AbrahmLustgarten&ProPublica,DrillforNaturalGas,PolluteWater,SCIENTIFICAMERICAN,Nov.17,2008,availableathttp://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=drillfornaturalgaspollutewater.


14/30

14



Parachute,Colorado,leaked2,500barrelsofdrillingmudsintoatributaryofGardenGulch,and

samplesperformedonthereceivingwatersdemonstratedhighlevelsofbenzeneandacetone.75

In2009andagain in2010,EPA informed residentsofPavillion,Wyoming, thatanumberof

drinkingwaterwellsintheirareawerecontaminatedwith2butoxyethanol(2BE),achemical

used as a general solvent that is associatedwith health effects such as narcosis,pulmonary

edema, and severe liver and kidney damage.76 More recently, samples of oil and gaswastewaterdischarged intopublicdrinkingwater supplies in IndianaCounty,Pennsylvania,

revealed concentrations of 2BE at levels atmore than 55 times theminimum risk level for

intermediate exposureby children.77 In response to complaints of cloudy and foulsmelling

waterby residents livingneargaswells inHickory,Pennsylvania,EPAperformed testingof

drinkingwaterwellsandfoundacrylonitrile,achemicalthatHalliburtonhaslistedontwoU.S.

patents forE&PChemicals.78 Watersamplesalsohaveshowndramatic increases in levelsof

acrylonitrile,aswellasbenzeneand styrene, inwaterwells locatedneargasdevelopment in

WetzelCounty,WestVirginia.79 Justrecently,abreachofacontainmentareaatagaswell in

Canton,Pennsylvania,caused thousandsofgallonsofdrilling fluids to spill,crossover farm

fields,and

reach

anearby

stream.

80

In addition to threatening human health via drinking water contamination, E&P

Chemicalshaveprovenfataltoanimalsandaquaticlife. AgaininDimock,Pennsylvania,Cabot

OilandGasreportedspilling8,500gallonsoffracturingfluid,muchofwhichmadeitswayinto

75ColoradoOilandGasConservationCommission,March31,2008UpdateonGardenGulchReleases,at

slides1314(2008),http://oilgas.state.co.us/Library/PiceanceBasin/Garden_Gulch_Releases_0331

08_Update.pdf.76SeeFritzMayer,EPAInvestigates11PollutedWells,THERIVERREPORTER,Aug.20,2009,http://www.riverreporter.com/issues/09

08

20/news

wells.html

(indicating

EPAs

investigation

of

the

contamination);EPA,GlycolEthersHazardSummary(rev.2000),

http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/glycolet.html#ref4(indicatingtheusesandassociatedhealth

hazardsof2BE);AbrahmLustgarten,FedsWarnResidentsNearWyomingGasDrillingSitesNottoDrinkTheirWater(Sept.1,2010),http://www.propublica.org/article/fedswarnresidentsnearwyominggasdrillingsitesnottodrinktheirwate(notingthatEPAwarnedPavillionresidentsnottodrinktheirwater

andtouseventilationwhilebathing).77SeeConradD.Volzetal.,ContaminantCharacterizationofEffluentfromPennsylvaniaBrineTreatmentInc.,JosephineFacilityBeingReleasedintoBlacklickCreek,IndianaCounty,Pennsylvania,Mar.25,2011,at1011,http://ia600608.us.archive.org/6/items/ContaminantCharacterizationOfEffluentFromPennsylvaniaBrineTr

eatment/Josephine_V2_CHEC_2011.pdf.78ChristieCampbell,WaterProblemGetsCloserLookfromDEP,EPA,OBSERVERREPORTER(Washington,PA),Mar.26,2010,atB1.79IsaacWolf,RuralResidentsSayNaturalGasDrillingHasTaintedTheirDrinkingWater,METROWESTDAILYNEWS,Nov.23,2010,http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/lifestyle/health/x1485353677/Ruralresidents

saynaturalgasdrillinghastaintedtheirdrinkingwater.80AssociatedPress,DrillerTemporarilyStopsOperationsatPa.Wells,SANDIEGOUNIONTRIBUNE,Apr.21,2011,http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/apr/21/drillertemporarilystopsoperationsatpa

wells.


15/30

15



Stevens Creek and killed fish and other aquatic life.81 In May 2010, the Pennsylvania

DepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection(DEP)finedadrillingcompany$141,175forleaking

250barrels of dilutedwastewater into a stream inWashington County, Pennsylvania, and

therebykilling small fish, salamanders,and frogs.82 A farmer livingwithin200yardsofgas

wells in Grandview, Texas, witnessed six of his animals die after his water well became

contaminatedwithatleastoneoftheBTEXcompounds.83 Thedrillingcompanydeniedthatitsdrilling operations had any relation to thewater contamination, even though several other

familieslivingwithin200feetofthewellsreportedidenticalinstancesofwatercontamination.84

InSpringRidge,Louisiana,seventeencowsdiedafteringestingfracturingfluidthatspilledinto

theirpasturefromanearbygaswelloperatedbyChesapeakeEnergy.85

Leaks and spills of E&P Chemicals endanger air quality as well as water supplies,

sometimes evenbefore the chemicalshave a chance to reach thewell sites. InJune 2006, a

chemicalplant inFarmington,NewMexico operatedbyHalliburtonEnergy Services spilled

approximately3060gallonsofahydraulicfracturingproductcalledAcidizingComposition.86

Thespill

created

alarge

cloud

of

acid

vapors,

which

caused

vomiting

and

nausea

in

the

people

livingneartheplantandpromptedtheevacuationofmorethan220peoplefromtheirhomes.87

DespitetheimmediatehealtheffectsresultingfromacuteexposuretoAcidizingComposition,

itsMSDS indicatesnotdetermined forall toxicity tests, including those for carcinogenicity

and reproductive/developmental toxicity.88 In addition to adversehealth impacts causedby

acute exposures, people also have reported injuries from prolonged exposure to E&P

Chemicals. For example, a resident ofArlington, Texas, reported poor air quality and an

increaseinhealthproblemsimmediatelyfollowingthecommencementofdrillingoperationsby

81SteveMcConnell,FracturingFluidsSpillintoSusquehannaCountyStream,WAYNEINDEPENDENT,Sept.17,2009,

http://www.wayneindependent.com/archive/x576510049/Fracturing

fluids

spill

into

Susquehanna

Countystream;AbrahmLustgarten,FrackFluidSpillinDimockContaminatesStream,KillingFish,ProPublica,Sept.21,2009,http://www.propublica.org/article/frackfluidspillindimockcontaminates

streamkillingfish921.82PressRelease,PennsylvaniaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection,DEPPenalizesRangeResources

$141,175forSpillinHighQualityWaterway(May14,2010),

http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/newsroom/14287?id=11412&typeid=1.83PeterGorman,WaterFoul,FORTHWORTHWEEKLY,Apr.30,2008,http://archive.fwweekly.com/content.asp?article=6885.84Seeid.85VickieWellborn,Chesapeake,SchlumbergerFined$22,000EachinCowsDeaths,SHREVEPORTTIMES,Mar.25,2010,http://www.shreveporttimes.com/article/20100325/NEWS01/100325018/Chesapeake

Schlumbergerfined22000eachincowsdeaths.86HalliburtonSpillResultsinAcidCloud,MoreThan220PeopleEvacuatedtoMall,THEDAILYTIMES,FARMINGTON,NEWMEXICO,June7,2006,availableathttp://www.yourlawyer.com/articles/read/11832.87Seeid.88Halliburton,MaterialSafetyDataSheet,ProductTradeName:FE1AAcidizingComposition,1,4(Dec.

2006),availableathttp://newyork.sierraclub.org/fingerlakes/gasinfo.html(followlinktoproductnameunderheadingMSDSDataSheets).


16/30

16



CarrizoOilandGasnearherhome.89 AlthoughCarrizodeniedanyresponsibility,theresident

received test results confirming the presence of ethylbenzene, xylene, hexane, and

methylpentanes in herbloodstream, and her doctor issued an opinion that her inability to

recover from her ongoing health problemswas related to her continual exposure to diesel

fumesandE&PChemicalsusedattheCarrizowells.90

E&P Chemicals can degrade soil and air quality in ways that may not be readily

ascertainabletothepublic. InAugust2006,abreachinsurfacecasingatagaswellinCrosby,

Wyoming, caused several releases of drilling muds, contaminating soil over an area of

approximately25,000squarefeet.91 Althoughnoimmediateimpactswerereported,ananalysis

oftheleakedchemicalsindicatedthat50percentofthemmaycauseecologicaleffects(harmto

aquatic species,birds, amphibians, or invertebrates), and 32 percent of themwere volatile,

potentially causing injury to human respiratory systems, skin, sensory organs, and

gastrointestinalsystems.92 Inaddition,whileanalysisofE&PChemicalseffectsonairquality

are limited,researcherspredict thatemissions fromMarcellusShalegaswastewaterstored in

centralizedimpoundments

have

the

potential

to

cause

exceedances

of

the

annual

guidelines

for

acrylamide, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, and heavy naphtha.93 When exposed to the air,

BTEX compounds incorporated intoE&PChemicalshave thepotential tomixwithnitrogen

oxidesfromtheexhaustofdieselfueledequipmentatthewellsitesandproducegroundlevel

ozone.94 Chemical exposures at and aroundwell sites are exacerbatedby certain common

89JasonJoyce,PyrrhicPollutionFinding,FORTWORTHWEEKLY,Oct.13,2010,http://www.fwweekly.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4265:pyrrhicpollution

finding&catid=76:metropolis&Itemid=377.

90Id.(includingastatementbyDr.AlfredJohnsonthatitismymedicalopinionthat[Sandra

DenBrabers]currentillnessandinabilitytorecoverisrelatedtoherconstantandcontinualexposureto

dieselexhaustfumesandotherchemicalsassociatedwiththeoilandgasdrilling/fractionatingand

compressorstation).91TEDX,AnalysisofProductsUsedforDrillingCrosby253WellWindsorEnergy,ParkCounty,

Wyoming,1(2009),http://www.endocrinedisruption.com/files/Crosby253wellsummary42009Final.pdf.92Seeid.at34.93SeeSusanHarvey,ReviewofDSGEISandIdentificationofBestTechnologyandBestPractice

Recommendations3133(Dec.29,2009),submittedasAttachmentCtoMemorandumbyPhilipSears,

ARKF,toKateSindingetal.,regardingcommentsontheDraftSupplementalGenericEnvironmental

ImpactStatementontheOil,Gas,andSolutionMiningRegulatoryProgram(Dec.30,2009)(onfilewith

author).94Colborn,supranote42,manuscriptat5(statingthatozonehasarangeofserioushealthand

environmentaleffects,includingvariouslungdiseasesaswellasdamagetoconifers,aspen,forage,

alfalfa,andothercrops);seealsoMeadGruver,GasDrillingBlamedforSoaringOzoneinWyoming,THETIMESTRIBUNE,Mar.9,2011,http://thetimestribune.com/news/healthscience/gasdrillingblamedfor

soaringozoneinwyoming1.1116178(reportingthatozonelevelsdetectedneargasdrillinginwestern

WyomingweretwothirdshigherthanEPAsmaximumhealthylimit).


17/30

17



practices,suchasair andfoamlubricateddrillingandtheuseofimpoundmentsforflowback

fluids.95

The health risks posedby E&PChemicals havebeenmost severe in cases involving

directhuman contact. InApril 2008, an emergency roomnurse inDurango,Colorado,was

admittedtotheintensivecareunitaftertreatingagasindustryemployeewhowascaughtinafracturing fluidspilland tracked thechemicalZetaFlow into thehospitalonhisboots.96 The

nursepresentedsymptomsofyellowskin,vomiting,aswollenliver,erraticbloodcounts,and

lungs filledwith fluid andwasdiagnosedwith chemicalpoisoning. Todetermine theexact

nature of her chemical poisoning, the doctors looked at the MSDS for ZetaFlow, which

indicated thatZetaFlow containedmethanol and twoundisclosedproprietary compounds.

Whenthehospitalrequestedtheidentityoftheproprietarycompoundstoaidtreatmentofthe

nurse, Weatherford, ZetaFlows manufacturer, refused to disclose the information.

Weatherfordcontinuestodenyresponsibilityforthenursesillness,yetitsuspendeditsuseof

ZetaFlowfollowingtheincident.97

Finally,arecentreportevaluatinggasdevelopmentintheMarcellusShaledemonstrates

thatE&PChemicalsthreatenthepeoplemostvulnerabletoinjuryfromexposuretohazardous

chemicals, such as children inday care facilities and schools andpeoplehospitalizeddue to

severe illness.98 Children inparticular face increased risk of harmdue to exposure to toxic

pollutantsasaresultoftheirvulnerableimmunesystemsandtheirlimitedabilitytodetoxify.99

HundredsofwellsitesinPennsylvaniaaresituatedwithinoneortwomilesofplacesdesigned

to care for children and sick people, including 320 day care facilities, 67 schools, and nine

hospitals.100 Inaddition,at those samewellsites, thePennsylvaniaDEPreportedalmost300

violationsofregulationsintendedtoprotectwaterqualityandtheenvironment.101

TheinstancesofharmandreportsofpotentialharmcitedabovedemonstratethatE&P

Chemicalsmaypresent anunreasonable risk of harm to children and adults, terrestrial and

aquatic life,water and air quality, and soil composition. With oil and gas exploration and

production poised to grow exponentially, incidents of harm linked to it also are likely to

95SeeBishop,supranote3,at2.96JimMoscou,AToxicSpew?OfficialsWorryAboutImpactofFrackingofOilandGas,Newsweek,Aug.20,2008,http://www.newsweek.com/id/154394.97Id.98SeeMadsen,supranote5,at3035;seealsoEPA,EnvironmentalAssessment,ChildrensHealth,http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/CFM/nceaQFind.cfm?keyword=Childrens%20Health(lastvisitedAug.2,2011)

(recognizingthatchildrenandtheelderlyaremoresusceptiblethanhealthyadultstohealthrisksposed

bypollutantsintheenvironment).99Madsen,supranote5,at3031.100Id.at30.101Id.at34.


18/30

18



increase,especially ifEPA fails topromulgate regulations requiringdisclosureand testingof

E&PChemicalsandreportingofrelatedhealthandenvironmentaleffects.

VI. RequestforRelief

PetitionersherebyrequestthatEPAtakethefollowingactionspursuanttoTSCAsection21,15U.S.C.section2620:

1. Adopt a rule pursuant to TSCA section 4 to require manufacturers andprocessors of E&P Chemicals to develop test data sufficient to evaluate the

toxicityandpotentialforhealthandenvironmentalimpactsofallsubstancesand

mixtures that they manufacture and process. This rule must include a

requirement for the manufacturer or processor to identify any substance or

mixtureforwhichtestingisrequired.

2. Adopt a rule pursuant to TSCA section 8(a) requiring manufacturers andprocessors

of

E&P

Chemicals

to

maintain

records

and

submit

reports

to

EPA

disclosing the identities, categories, and quantities of E&P Chemicals,

descriptionsofbyproductsofE&PChemicals,all existingdataonpotentialor

demonstrated environmental and health effects of E&P Chemicals, and the

numberofindividualspotentiallyexposedtoE&PChemicals.

3. Call in all records of allegations of significant adverse reactions received andmaintainedbymanufacturers, processors, and distributors of E&P Chemicals

pursuanttoTSCAsection8(c)and40C.F.R.section717.

4. AdoptarulepursuanttoTSCAsection8(d)torequiresubmittalofallexisting,notpreviously reportedhealth and safety studies related to thehealth and/or

environmentaleffectsofE&PChemicals.

A. Section4Testing

EPA and the public lack adequate data and experience uponwhich the health and

environmental risks posed by E&P Chemicals can reasonably be determined or predicted.

Petitioners request that EPA adopt a rule pursuant to TSCA section 4, requiring that

manufacturers and processors of E&PChemicals conduct acute and chronic toxicity studies

sufficient to characterize and evaluate the hazards and potential health and environmental

effectsassociatedwiththesubstancesandmixturestheymanufactureandprocessforuseinoil

andgasexplorationandproduction. ATSCAsection4rulemayrequiretestingof(1)effectson

human respiratory, neurological, cardiovascular, reproductive, gastrointestinal, endocrine,sensory,and immunesystems, includingcancerousanddevelopmentaleffects;and (2)effects

on terrestrial and aquatic life andwater, soil, and air quality.102 A rule adoptedunder this

sectionmust function toensure thatEPAand thepubliccan fullyevaluate thehazardsofall

102See15U.S.C.2603(b)(2)(A)


19/30

19



substancesandmixturesusedinoilandgasexplorationandproductionandtherebydetermine

whetherthosesubstancesandmixturesmayposeanunreasonableriskofharmtohealthand

the environment. In addition, this rule must require the identification of each chemical

substanceormixtureforwhichtestingisperformed.103

EPA has ample and sufficient basis to issue a TSCA section 4 test rule. First, asillustrated indetail in sectionVabove,E&PChemicalsmeet the requirements in section4(a)

that themanufacture, distribution in commerce, processing, use, or disposal of a chemical

substanceormixture,orthatanycombinationofsuchactivities,maypresentanunreasonable

risk of injury to health or the environment.104 Second, the significant volume of E&P

Chemicalsnecessary tofractureasinglewell,combinedwith thenumberofwellsanticipated

throughout theUnitedStates,demonstratethatE&PChemicalsalsomeet therequirementsof

section4(b) foranexposure finding,underwhichEPAshallbyrule require that testingbe

conducted on a chemical substance ormixture that is or willbe produced in substantial

quantities.105

B. Section8(a)Reporting

Petitioners request that EPA adopt a rule pursuant to TSCA section 8(a) to require

manufacturersandprocessorsofE&PChemicalstomaintaincertainrecordsandsubmittoEPA

reportson those records. Specifically, insofarasknown to thepersonmaking the reportsor

insofarasreasonablyascertainabletothatperson,aruleissuedpursuanttoTSCAsection8(a)

concerningthechemicalsubstancesandmixturesusedinoilandgasexplorationorproduction

shouldrequiremaintenanceofrecordsandreportingwithrespecttothefollowinginformation:

1. Thecommonortradename,thechemicalidentity,andthemolecularstructureofeachchemicalsubstanceormixtureforwhichsuchareportisrequired;

2. Thecategoriesorproposedcategoriesofuseofeachsubstanceormixture;3. The total amount of each substance or mixture manufactured or processed,

reasonableestimatesof the totalamount tobemanufacturedorprocessed, the

amount manufactured or processed for each of its categories of use, and

reasonableestimatesoftheamounttobemanufacturedorprocessedforeachof

itscategoriesofuseorproposedcategoriesofuse;

4. Adescriptionofthebyproductsresultingfromthemanufacture,processing,use,ordisposalofeachsuchsubstanceormixture;

5. All existing data concerning the environmental and health effects of suchsubstanceormixture;

103Seeid.2603(b)(1)(A).104Id.2603(a)(1)(A)(i).105Id.2603(a)(1)(B)(i).


20/30

20



6. The number of individuals exposed, and reasonable estimates of the numberwhowillbeexposedtosuchsubstanceormixtureintheirplacesofemployment,

includingthedurationofsuchexposures;and

7. Themannerormethodofdisposalofanysuchsubstanceormixture.SubmissionofthisinformationisnecessaryfortheeffectiveenforcementofTSCA. InissuingaruleunderTSCA section8(a),EPA shouldconsider theneed torequireperiodic reportingas

needed to account for all new substances and mixtures as well as for significant new

informationobtainedbymanufacturersandprocessorswithrespecttoexistingsubstancesand

mixtures.

C. Section8(c)CallIn

Under TSCA section 8(c) and 40 C.F.R. section 717.12, chemical manufacturers,

processors, and distributors must record and maintain all significant adverse reactions to

humanhealth

or

to

the

environment

that

are

reported

to

or

known

by

them

and

that

are

alleged

to havebeen causedby chemical substances ormixtures that theymanufacture,process, or

distribute. Asignificantadversereactionisonethatmayindicateasubstantialimpairmentof

normal activities or longlasting or irreversible damage to health or the environment.106

Petitioners request thatEPAexercise itsauthorityunder40C.F.R. section717.17and request

submissionofcopiesofanyinformationrelatedtosignificantadversereactionstohumanhealth

ortheenvironmentallegedtohavebeencausedbyE&PChemicalsmanufactured,processed,or

distributedbythefollowingcompanies:

1. BakerHughesd/b/aAquaNessChemicalandBJServicesCompany1072. HalliburtonEnergyServices,Inc.1083. SchlumbergerTechnologyCorporation1094. RPC,Inc.d/b/aCuddEnergyServices5. SuperiorWellServices,Inc.110

10640C.F.R.717.3(i).107PetitionersareawarethatBakerHugheshasacquiredBJServicesCompany. Thisrequestencompasses

allrecordsmaintainedbyBJServicesCompanypriortotheacquisitionaswellasallrecordsmaintained

byBakerHughesfollowingtheacquisition.108EPAsrequestshouldmakeitclearthatthereportsfromHalliburtonEnergyServicesmustincludeall

allegationsthatithasreceivedrelatedtoitschemicalsubstancesandmixturesasmanufacturedby

HalliburtonEnergyServices(intheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom)andHalliburtonAustralia

Pty.Ltd.109EPAsrequestshouldmakeitclearthatthereportsfromSchlumbergerTechnologyCorporationmust

includeallallegationsithasreceivedrelatedtoitschemicalsubstancesandmixturesasmanufacturedby

SchlumbergerTechnologyCorporationintheUnitedStates,SchlumbergerCanada,Ltd.,and

SchlumbergerLtd.


21/30

21



6. SanjelUSA7. WeatherfordInternationalLtd.1118. CalfracWellServices9. FracTechServices

Petitionersbelievethesecompaniesaretheprimarymanufacturers,processors,anddistributorsofE&PChemicalsintheUnitedStates. Becausearequestinvolvingnineentitieswouldnotbe

subjecttothePaperworkReductionActnoticerequirements,EPAcouldactquickly.112

D. Section8(d)SubmissionRequest

Petitioners request that EPA adopt a rule pursuant to TSCA section 8(d) to require

manufacturers,processors,anddistributorsofE&PChemicalstosubmittoEPAlistsandcopies

ofallexistinghealthandsafetystudiesconductedorinitiatedbyorforthem,knowntothem,or

reasonablyascertainablebythem. HealthandsafetystudiesaredefinedbroadlyunderEPAs

regulationsas

any

study

of

any

effect

of

achemical

substance

or

mixture

on

health

or

the

environment or both, including underlying data and epidemiological studies, studies of

occupationalexposuretoachemicalsubstanceormixture,toxicological,clinical,andecological

orother studiesofachemical substanceormixture,andany testperformedunderTSCA.113

Petitionersrequestthatthisrulemakingencompassallhealthandsafetystudiesrelatedtoany

substance ormixtureused in oil and gas exploration orproduction, including, as called for

under 40 C.F.R. section 716.3, the identity of the chemical substances and mixtures.114

SubmissionofhealthandsafetystudiesrelatedtoallE&PChemicalsisnecessarytoensurethat

substances and mixtures do not present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the

environment.

110PetitionersareawarethatNaborsIndustriesLtd.recentlyacquiredSuperiorWellServices,Inc. This

requestencompassesallrecordsmaintainedbySuperiorWellServices,Inc.priortotheacquisitionas

wellasallrecordsmaintainedbySuperiorWellServices,Inc.andNaborsIndustriesLtd.followingthe

acquisition.111EPAsrequestshouldmakeitclearthatthereportsfromWeatherfordInternationalLtd.mustinclude

all allegations that it has received related chemical substances and mixtures manufactured by its

subsidiary,ClearwaterInternational,LLC.112See44U.S.C.3502(3)(A)(i)(definingacollectionofinformationsubjecttoregulationunderthePaperworkReductionActasarequestimposedontenormorepersons).11340C.F.R.716.3114Seeid.(Itisintendedthatthetermhealthandsafetystudybeinterpretedbroadly.Notonlyisinformationwhicharisesasaresultofaformal,disciplinedstudyincluded,butotherinformation

relatingtotheeffectsofachemicalsubstanceormixtureonhealthortheenvironmentisalsoincluded.

Anydatathatbearontheeffectsofachemicalsubstanceonhealthortheenvironmentwouldbe

included. Chemicalidentityispartof,orunderlyingdatato,ahealthandsafetystudy.)


22/30

VIt. ConclusionIn the absence of rulemakings pusuant to TSCA sections 4 and 8, EPA and the publiclack the information necessary to assess the potential health and environmental effects of E&PChemicals. To hold manufacturers, processors, and distributors of E&P Chemicals accountable

for the consequences of placing their products into commelce, Petitioners respectfully requestthat EPA initiate rulemakings under TSCA sections 4 and 8.Respectfully submitted,

4/.e


23/30

23



MaureenDill

Facilitator

AdvocatesforMorris

Morris,NewYork

HarryLevine

President

AdvocatesforSpringfield

Springfield,NewYork

MatthewS.Tejada,PhDExecutiveDirector

AirAllianceHouston

Houston,Texas

DavidMorycSeniorDirectorofRiverProtection

AmericanRivers

Washington,DC

MononaRossol

IndustrialHygienist

Arts,Crafts&TheaterSafety,Inc.

NewYork,NewYork

PhilipS.Wallis

ExecutiveDirector

AudubonPennsylvania

Harrisburg,Pennsylvania

JeanetteVosburg

President

BallonaNetwork

LosAngeles,California

JeanneRizzo

PresidentandCEO

BreastCancerFund

SanFrancisco,California

CherylJohncox

ExecutiveDirector

BuckeyeForestCouncil

Columbus,Ohio

ThomasB.Wilinsky

CatskillCitizensforSafeEnergy

FremontCenter,NewYork

WesGillingham

ProgramDirector

CatskillMountainkeeper

Youngsville,NewYork

RebeccaNoblin

AlaskaDirector

CenterforBiologicalDiversity

Anchorage,Alaska

RachelMeeropol

StaffAttorney

CenterforConstitutionalRights

NewYork,NewYork

CarolineCox

ResearchDirector

CenterforEnvironmentalHealth

Oakland,California

LoisMarieGibbs,PhD

ExecutiveDirectorCenterforHealth,Environment&Justice

FallsChurch,Virginia

GarySimpson

PresidentChathamCitizensforEffectiveCommunities,

Inc.(CCEC)

Pittsboro,NorthCarolina


24/30

24



EllenRendulich

Director

CitizensAgainstRuiningtheEnvironment

Lockport,Illinois

SarahEckel

Legislative&PolicyDirector

CitizensCampaignfortheEnvironment

Syracuse,NewYork

BarbaraJ.WarrenExecutiveDirector

Citizens EnvironmentalCoalition

Albany,NewYork

VeraScrogginsCitizensforCleanWater

Brackney,Pennsylvania

DebThomas

Organizer

ClarkResourceCouncil

Clark,Wyoming

JosephO.Minott,Esq.

ExecutiveDirector

CleanAirCouncil

Philadelphia,Pennsylvania

AnnBrewster

Weeks

LegalDirector

CleanAirTaskForce

Boston,Massachusetts

LynnThorp

NationalCampaignsCoordinator

CleanWaterAction

Washington,DC

HopeTaylor,MSPH

ExecutiveDirector

CleanWaterForNorthCarolina

Durham,NorthCarolina

ElizabethWheeler

StaffAttorney

CleanWisconsin

Madison,Wisconsin

ElyseKunz

CoFounder

CommunityAdvocatesforSafeEmissions,Inc.

Ravena,NewYork

MichaelAshkin

AssociateProfessorofEconomicsandPublic

Policy

CorporateToxicsInformationProject,

UniversityofMassachusettsAmherst

Amherst,Massachusetts

BernardHandler

Spokesperson

DamascusWatch

Damascus,Pennsylvania

TracyCarluccio

DeputyDirector

DelawareRiverkeeperNetwork

Bristol,Pennsylvania

StephenM.Brittle

President

DontWasteArizona

Phoenix,Arizona

JimSchermbeck

Director

DownwindersatRisk

DallasFt.Worth,Texas


25/30

25



MargaretMcCasland

Convenor

EarthcareCommittee,IthacaMonthly

Meeting,ReligiousSocietyofFriends

(Quakers)

Ithaca,NewYork

JenniferKrill

ExecutiveDirector

Earthworks

Washington,DC

JudyBraiman

President

EmpireStateConsumerProject

Rochester,NewYork

BrianSegee

StaffAttorney

EnvironmentalDefenseCenter

SantaBarbara,California

RichardA.Denison

SeniorScientist

EnvironmentalDefenseFund

Washington,DC

ElsieRhodes

Pastor

FirstPresbyterianChurch

Cooperstown,New

York

EllenZ.Harrison

Director

Fleased

Ithaca,NewYork

JoyceTarnow

President

FloridiansforaSustainablePopulation,Inc.

CrossCity,Florida

JulieHuntsman

Spokesperson

FlyCreek/OtsegoNeighbors

FlyCreek,NewYork

BarbaraJarmoska

President

Freshlife,Inc.

Williamsport,Pennsylvania

KathleenG.Hundley,M.Ed.

President

FriendsoftheRockyRiver(FORR)

ChathamCounty,NorthCarolina

SheilaCohen

OutreachChair

GasDrillingAwarenessforCortlandCounty

(GDACC)

Cortland County,NewYork

RobertaFramptonBenefiel

VicePresident

GrandRiverkeeperLabrador,Inc.

HappyValleyGooseBay,Canada

StephenAshkin

ExecutiveDirector

GreenCleaningNetwork

Bloomington,Indiana


26/30

26



VickieHennessy

President

GreenEnvironmentalCoalition(GEC)

YellowSprings,Ohio

ElaineChiosso,HawRiverkeeper

HawRiverAssembly

Bynum,NorthCarolina

RachelLincolnSarnoffInterimExecutiveDirector/CEO

HealthyChildHealthyWorld

LosAngeles,California

DebraHallFounder

HopewellJunctionCitizensforCleanWater

HopewellJunction,NewYork

BrianSauder

PolicyCoordinator

IllinoisInterfaithPowerandLight

Champaign,Illinois

JamesR.Nelson,MS

ExecutiveDirector

IllinoisPublicHealthAssociation

Springfield,Illinois

StanKotala,

M.D.

ConservationChair

JuniataValleyAudubon

Hollidaysburg,Pennsylvania

BetseySwan

President

LeagueofWomenVotersofNewYorkState

Albany,NewYork

OliviaThorne

President

LeagueofWomenVotersofPennsylvania


JudyDuffy

AdvocacyChair

LeagueofWomenVotersoftheUnitedStates

Washington,DC

JerryRenning

Chairman

MichiganCitizensAgainstToxicSubstances

(MCATS)

Milan,Michigan

DrewJ.Koslow

ChoptankRiverkeeper

MidshoreRiverkeeperConservancy

Easton,Maryland

KimberleeWright

ExecutiveDirector

MidwestEnvironmentalAdvocates

Madison,Wisconsin

ToddKostyack

VicePresident,WildlifeConservation

NationalWildlifeFederation

Washington,DC

DanielRosenbergSeniorAttorney

NaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC)

NewYork,NewYork

GradieMcCalliePolicyDirector

NCConservationNetwork

Raleigh,NorthCarolina


27/30

27



VanessaPesec

President

NetworkforOilandGasAccountabilityand

Protection(NEOGAP)

ConcordTownship,Ohio

RickEngler

Director

NewJerseyWorkEnvironmentalCouncil

Trenton,NewJersey

GavinKearney

DirectorofEnvironmentalJustice

NewYorkLawyersforthePublicInterest

NewYork,NewYork

MichaelLebron

Principal

NewYorkersforSustainableEnergySolutions

Statewide

NewYork,NewYork

RebeccaRoter

NorthernTierImpactedCitizensCoalition

(NTICC)

Kingsley,Pennsylvania

SeanMoulton

Director,FederalInformationPolicy

OMBWatch

Washington,DC

PatriceMcDermott

Director

Openthegovernment.org

Washington,DC

NicoleA.Dillingham

President,BoardofDirectors

Otsego2000,Inc.

Cooperstown,NewYork

JohnFenton

Chair

PavilionAreaConcernedCitizens

Pavilion,Wyoming

MariaPayan

Director

PeachBottomConcernedCitizensGroup

Delta,Pennsylvania

JanJarrett

President

PennFuture


PatriciaEakin

President

PennsylvaniaAssociationofStaffNursesand

AlliedProfessionals

Conshohocken,Pennsylvania

RonEvans

Chair

PennsylvaniaEnvironmentalDefense

FoundationCampHill,Pennsylvania

RichardA.Martin

Coordinator

PennsylvaniaForestCoalition



28/30

28



MelianMcKee

Director

PossibilitiesRetreat

Montoursville,Pennsylvania

JeffKelble

ShenandoahRiverkeeper

PotomacRiverkeeperInc.(DBAShenandoah

Riverkeeper)

Boyce,Virginia

KevinLind

Director

PowderRiverBasinResourceCouncil

Sheridan,Wyoming

TraciBarkley

WaterResourcesScientist

PrairieRiversNetwork

Champaign,Illinois

JeffRuch

ExecutiveDirector

PublicEmployeesforEnvironmental

Responsibility(PEER)

Washington,DC

BrianUrbaszewski

DirectorofEnvironmentalHealthPrograms

RespiratoryHealthAssociationof

MetropolitanChicago

Chicago,Illinois

RalphKisberg

President

ResponsibleDrillingAlliance

Williamsport,Pennsylvania

KateHudson

WatershedProgramDirector

Riverkeeper

Ossining,NewYork

AllegraSchecter

Founder

RoseboomOwnersAwarenessResponse

(ROAR)

Roseboom,NewYork

DanRandolph

ExecutiveDirector

SanJuanCitizensAlliance

Durango,Colorado

ChristineCanaly

Director

SanLuisValleyEcosystemCouncil

Alamosa,Colorado

RobertNied

CoDirector

SchoharieValleyWatch

Richmondville,NewYork

CharlesWinterwood,Chair,SierraClub

NationalToxicsCommittee

DeborahJ.Nardone,Director,NaturalGas

ReformCampaignSierraClub

SanFrancisco,California

GopaRoss

OilandGasCommitteeChair

SierraClubRockyMountainChapter

Denver,Colorado


29/30

29



PeterJ.Wray

Chair,ConservationCommittee

SierraClub,AlleghenyGroup

Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania

RoderickJude

Chair

SierraClub,MontanaChapter

Missoula,Montana

JeffTittel

Director

SierraClub,NewJerseyChapter

Trenton,NewJersey

ThomasAu

ConservationChair

SierraClub,PennsylvaniaChapter


LizKirchofferPectol

PresidentandCEO

SouthernSustainableResources

Charleston,SouthCarolina

MichaelHelfrich

LowerSusquehannaRiverkeeper

GuyAlsentzer,Dir.StewardsoftheLower

Susquehanna

York,Pennsylvania

AdrianKuzminski

Moderator

SustainableOtsego

Cooperstown,NewYork

WilliamCallahan

FounderandOwner

TamalpaisNatureWorks

SanRafael,California

ReneeHoyos

ExecutiveDirector

TennesseeCleanWaterNetwork

Knoxville,Tennessee

JuanParras

ExecutiveDirector

TexasEnvironmentalJusticeAdvocacy

Services(T.E.J.A.S.)

Houston,Texas

DarleneSchanfald

TheOlympicEnvironmentalCouncil

Sequim,Washington

ThomasRyder,CWB

President

TheWildlifeSociety

Bethesda,Maryland

JohnL.Barone

VicePresidentofConservation

TheodoreGordonFlyfishers,Inc.

NewYork,NewYork

ElizabethG.Thomas

Chair

TompkinsCountyCouncilofGovernments

GasDrillingTaskForceTompkinsCounty,NewYork


30/30

FawnPattison

ExecutiveDirector

ToxicFreeNorthCarolina

Raleigh,NorthCarolina

MononaRossol

SafetyOfficer

UnitedScenicArtists,LocalUSA82

InternationalAllianceofTheatricalStage

Employes(IATSE)

NewYork,NewYork

LarraineMcNulty

President

UpperUnadillaValleyAssociation

WestWinfield,NewYork

NicholasOcchipinti

PolicyandCommunityActivismDirector

WestMichiganEnvironmentalActionCouncil

GrandRapids,Michigan

SusanVanDolsen

CoOrganizer

WestchesterforChange

Harrison,New

York

GretchenNicholoff

President

WesternColoradoCongress

GrandJunction,

Colorado

JeremyNichols

Director,ClimateandEnergyProgram

WildEarthGuardians

SantaFe,NewMexico

SloanShoemaker

ExecutiveDirector

WildernessWorkshop

Carbondale,Colorado

RitaYelda

Organizer

WNYDrillingDefense

Buffalo,NewYork

ErinSwitalski

ExecutiveDirector

WomensVoicesfortheEarth

Missoula,Montana

earthjustice fracking petition

Documents