Earth’s Surface: Chapter 2 Section 3 MINERALS ARE VALUABLE RESOURCES

Objectives: 1. Identify ways that minerals are used in industry

and art. 2. Explain how minerals may form 3. Explain how minerals are mined

Minerals in Industry and Art 1. Metals for cars and airplanes 2. Quartz and Feldspar are used for glass 3. Fluorite and Calcite for toothpaste 4. Mica and Talc for paint Minerals are used in birthstones (gemstone) Gemstones are grinded and polished before being

used in jewelry

Common Mineral Uses

Bauxite Aluminum, foil, airplane parts

Borax Antiseptic soaps, welding flux or cleaner (found in dry lake beds)

Calcite Medicine, toothpaste, bldng. materials(hard water deposit, ancient sea beds)

Copper Tubing, electrical wires, sculptures

Diamond Cutting tools/ blades/ saws

Feldspar Ceramics and porcelain, colors in granites (not black)

Galena Source of lead

Mineral UsesGraphite Pencils, lubricant in

machinery

Gypsum Wall board, Plaster of Paris

Halite Salt

Hematite Source of iron

Jade Jewelry, figurines

Limonite /Taconite Source of iron (around Cedar City)

Muscovite (Mica) White, gray material in electrical insulators

Mineral UsesJade Jewelry, figurines

Limonite /Taconite Source of iron (around Cedar City)

Muscovite (Mica) White, gray material in electrical insulators

Quartz (massive type)Quartz crystal

Glass manufacturing, radios, computers and electronic equipment

Silver Jewelry, photography, electrical equip.

Sulfur Fungicides, kills bacteria, vulcanizes rubber, in coal and fuels, fertilizer

Talc Baby powder, soapstone, gymnastics to grasp bars

Minerals Form in Different Ways 1. Water Evaporates: Halite and Gypsum can form 2. Hot Water Cools: Gold 3. Molten Rock Cools: Magma is molten rock

inside the Earth- Minerals can also form from lava-Example: Quartz forms from lava and magma

4. Heat and Pressure Cause Change: Graphite 5. Organisms Produce Minerals: Oysters and

Clams produce Calcite.-Your body produces apatite (bone & teeth)

Mining An ore is a rock that contains enough of a mineral

to be mined. Surface Mining: Could be panhandling or strip

mining In strip mining, the plants, soil and unwanted rocks

are removed and then the ores are dug out In open pit mining explosives are used to break up

the ground and recover the ores A much deeper hole is made in open pit mining In deep mining, miners can work up to 2 miles

underground

Strip Mining

Strip Mining

Open Pit Mining

Open Pit Mining

Open Pit Mining

Mining Equipment