Earth’s Water Balance

Changes of State

Water Vapor in the Air

Humidity

Saturation Vapor PressureRises with Temperature

Amount of Water Vapor Required for Saturation Rises with Temperature

DEW Point Temperature

Pseudoadiabatic Chart

Air Lifting Mechanisms

Relative Humidity Increases with Additional Water Vapor

Relative Humidity Increases with Decrease of Temperature

Changes in Relative Humiditywith Temperature

SlingPsychrometer

Atmospheric Stability

Air Cools at Dry Adiabatic Rate until Reaching Dew PointThen Cools at Wet Adiabatic Rate

Orographic Lifting

Arid ConditionsCaused by Removal of Moisturefrom Air by Orographic Lifting

Frontal Wedging

UpliftingbyConvergence

Cloud Cover from Convergence over Florida

Localized Convective Lifting

Air Warmer than itsSurroundings Rises

Rising AirCooler thanEnvironmentTends TowardStability

Absolute Stability;Environmental Lapse Rate less than Wet Adiabatic Rate

Absolute Instability;Environmental Lapse Rate greater than Dry Adiabatic Rate

Conditional Stability;Environmental Lapse Rate between the Dry and Wet Adiabatic Rates

Orographic Lifting

Orographic Lifting Forming a Rain Shadow Desert

Convective Uplifting

Frontal Convergence: Extra-tropical Cyclone – Plan View

Frontal Convergence: Extra-tropical Cyclone

– Vertical X sectional View

Cumulonimbus Cloud

People Caught in a Downpour!

Cloud Types

Cirrus Clouds

Cirrostratus Clouds

Cirrocumulus Clouds

AltocumulusClouds

Reynold’s Transport Theorem