Name: _____________________________Earths’ Surface was formed from a variety of geologic processes

Process/Landform Definition Picture What could affect its formationConstructive Force processes that

build up Earth's crust, create new landforms, or add sediment to existing areas of land

Destructive Force processes that break down rocks and landforms and carry sediment away

Mechanical Weathering

Breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by PHYSICAL meansEx: Ice, wind, water, gravity, plants, animals

Chemical Weathering

The process by which rocks break down as a result of CHEMICAL reactionsEx: Water, Acid Precipitation, groundwater acid, acid in living things, air

Name: _____________________________Erosion The process by

which soil and sediment is transported from one location to another

Deposition The process by which sediments are released (dropped)

Agents responsible for Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition

Running Water (Streams and Rivers)Moving Ice (Glaciers)Ocean WavesWindMass Wasting (Huge amounts of rock/sediment moving downhill)

Streams and Rivers Erosion starts upstream and deposition happens downstreamSediment is smooth because of weathering (water rolling over the sediment)Young rivers have faster erosionMature Rivers have more deposition

Name: _____________________________Deposition happens mostly at mouth of ocean/lake and inside bends of rivers/streams

Faster Erosion

More Deposition

Floodplains A nearly flat expanse of land that stretches from the banks of a slow, meandering river

Glacial Erosion Glacier - a large body of snow and ice that forms on land and does not melt annuallyCreates U shaped valleysSmooth bedrock beneath and on sides of valleyRocks trapped in

Name: _____________________________glacier cut lines into bedrock

Moraines – deposit of sediment that forms at the edge of a glacier as it pauses

Till - Sediment directly deposited by glacial ice as it melts

Drumlins - Hills molded from till by glaciers moving over it

Outwash Plains - Broad, flat area in front of a glacier where large amounts of sediment are deposited by glacial melt water

Kettles – Large depression left when ice meltsKettle lakes form when water wills the depression

Name: _____________________________Erratic - a rock or boulder

that differs from the surrounding rock and is believed to have been brought from a distance by glacial action

Eskers - A long, narrow, winding ridge composed of sand and gravel deposited by a glacier

Cliffs - A vertical, or near vertical, rock exposure

Sea Stacks - landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast

Name: _____________________________Beach - Sand is deposited

by waves

Spits - A depositional landform found off coasts where at one end, spits connect to land, and extend into the water

Barrier Islands - a coastal landform and a type of barrier system, are exceptionally flat and lumpy areas of sand, that are parallel to the mainland coast

Wind Weathering, erosion, and deposition by wind is common in:Arid reqions with no veggitation so sediment is exposed.Along costal regions where wind is activeDeserts where sandblasting occurs

Name: _____________________________Yardangs - A hill carved

from bedrock by the dual action of wind abrasion, from dust and sand

Dunes - Hills formed by deposition of sandAlong coasts and in deserts

Mass Wasting - Materials such as rock and sediment move downhill because of gravityThreat to humans and their propertyMass wasting can be:Dry or wetSlow or fastLarge chunks or small particles

Avalanche - a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface

Name: _____________________________Soil Creep - the slow downward

progression of rock and soil down a low grade slope

Mudslides - a rapid movement of a large mass of mud formed from loose dirt and water

Rockfall - quantities of rock falling freely from a cliff

Landslides - the sudden movement of large amounts of loose soil, rocks, and other materials as they fall or slide downward due to gravity