easa fdm survey

8/9/2019 EASA FDM SURVEY

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Analysis of results of the survey circulated by

WG C and dealing with the integration of an

FDM Programme into an operator processes

Author : EOFDM WG C


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EOFDM WG C 2

The European Operators Flight Data Monitoring (EOFDM) forum is a voluntary partnership between European

operators and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in order to:

facilitate the implementation of FDM programmes;

help operators in drawing the maximum safety benefits from an FDM programme.

There are four working groups (WG) in EOFDM, of which WG C focuses on the Integration of an FDM

programme into operator processes:

To define solutions for the integration of FDM into an operators Safety Management System (SMS);

To provide guidance that will help an operator to best manage:

limited resources;

relationships with top-management and unions;

the application of just culture or safety culture in the use of FDM data;

the dissemination of lessons learned from FDM within each company.

To identify best practice with regard to data handling:

during day-to-day operation (transfer from the aircraft to the ground, handling of memory media,

etc.);

in the long term, the de-identification of data and the storage in a secure way.

Forewords


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As a part of this work, WG C established a survey to determine the current practice byoperators as well as to identify best practice by industry. It could also be used to identify areas

where improvement could be encouraged.

The survey was conducted towards the end of 2013 and was closed in the second half of

January 2014. With 74 questions and a wealth of narrative text that was provided by survey

participants, once analysed the survey has provided a good deal of valuable data. Of the 50 fullresponses, mostly coming from scheduled passenger operations, 80% originated in EASA

Member States.

Forewords


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The purpose of this survey was to establish whatforms of outputs operators have from their FDMprogrammes.

The survey

All information collected are confidential andde-identified;The survey consists of around 70 questions;Around 50 organisations answer.

NB: The survey contains MAIN questions with YES or NO answer. The answer NO to themain question inhibits the following questions related to the same topic to be shown to the

interviewed


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The survey covers the following topics:

The survey

OPERATOR GENERAL INFORMATION

FDM TEAM

THE FDM REPORT

FEEDBACK TO CREWS/P ERSONNEL

USE OF FDM FOR TRAINING PURPOSES

FEEDBACK TO FLIGHT OPERATIONS

FEEDBACK TO OTHER AREAS (FRMS, MAINTENANCE AND ATC)

TOP MANAGEMENT REPORTS

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CONCLUSIONS view conclusions

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OPERATOR GENERAL INFORMATION

The survey

THE PICTURE OF THE REPORTER

FDM WITHIN THE OPERATOR

T HE FDM S OFTWARE

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING

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OPERATOR GENERAL INFORMATIONThe picture of the reporter

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Is your FDM programmeoutsourced or run in-house

OUTSOURCED :18%

IN HOUSE :82%

Does your reporting software interface with your FDM software?NO 78%

YES 20%

OPERATOR GENERAL INFORMATIONThe FDM software

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No link between the dimension of the fleet and the choice to outsource

No reporting software available : 2%


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Does your organization havean MOU with pilots on your FDM program?

NO 14%YES 86%

Is non-punitive use of FDM data covered by your

MOU?NO

8,5%

YES

91,5%

OPERATOR GENERAL INFORMATIONMemorandum of Understanding

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No link between the dimension of the fleet or the type of operations and the adoption of the MoU


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THE FDM TEAM

The survey

T EAM C OMPOSITION

T RAINING AND E XPERIENCE

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THE FDM TEAMTeam Composition

Full time members

Part timemembers

36%

From 5 to 7

14%

From 2 to 4Only 1

50%

Only 1 From 2 to 4 From 5 to 7 more than 7

34% 56% 4% 6%

Pilot representativewithin the team

YES66%

NO34%

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An acting pilot.

2 or more years of FDM experience

THE FDM TEAMTraining and Experience

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THE FDM REPORT

The survey

F REQUENCY OF FDM R EPORTS

T YPES OF FDM R EPORTS

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THE FDM REPORTFrequency of FDM reports

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What types of report do you produce? UNSCHEDULED REPORTS 82%

INDIVIDUAL PILOTS REPORTS 43%

REPORTS FOR AREAS OF OPERATIONS 53%

AIRFIELD SPECIFIC REPORTS 74%AUTOMATED REPORTS 57%

Unscheduledreport following

investigations

CAT CAirports

Home base

Automated fuelmonitoring

reports

If requested bypilot

Automatedengine reports

Aircraft group byareas of ops

THE FDM REPORTTypes of FDM reports

OTHER TYPES OF REPORTS PRODUCED:

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THE FEEDBACK TO CREW/PERSONNEL

The survey

G ENERAL F EEDBACK

INDIVIDUAL F EEDBACK

IS YOUR F EEDBACK E FFECTIVE ?

A CCEPTABLE OR UNACCEPTABLE ?

P ROTECTION OF D ATA

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THE FEEDBACK TO CREW/PERSONNELGeneral feedback

98% of the interviewed provides feedback to pilotson FDM programme . In which form (multiple choice) :81,3%

35,4%

68,8%

31,3%

16,7%12,5%

16,7%

16,7%

Newsletters

Replay

Email

Web based

Video remote playRoadshow

Posters

Other (Seminars, initial & recurrent training, magazines)

21% Dedicated newsletter79% Flight safety newsletter

37,5% Fleet specific newsletter

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THE FEEDBACK TO CREW/PERSONNELGeneral feedback

98% of the interviewed provides feedback to pilots on FDMprogramme.How often?:

Do you publicise trends? YES: 80%NO: 20%

How do you de -identify data (m.c.) ? Remove LOCATION: 24%Remove CREW: 86%Remove DATE AND TIME: 94%Remove A/C REGISTRATION: 2%

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THE FEEDBACK TO CREW/PERSONNELIndividual pilot feedback

75% of the interviewed provides INDIVIDUAL feedback topilots on FDM programme (main question)

1. What is the method (m.c.*) ? Phone call: 73%

Email: 89%Letter: 11%Text message: 3%Face to face: 8%

Web based feedback: 5%

2. What is the content (m.c.) ? Request of a report: 72%

Notification/review of an excedeence: 77%Request for contact (SM or Pilot rep): 65%

3. Which department/role providesthe feedback? (m.c.) ? Air Safety Office: 51%Flight operations: 8%Honest Broker/Gatekeeper: 35%Union representative: 5%

Outsourced entity: 0%

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*m.c. = multiple choice

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THE FEEDBACK TO CREW/PERSONNELHow do you determine if feedback is effective?

How is feedback determined on an individual basis?(open answer)

CHECK OF INDIVIDUAL REPORTS TO VERIFY ANY CHANGE OF BEHAVIOUR

DIALOGUE AND DISCUSSION WITH THE CREW MEMBER

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IT IS NOT ALLOWED TO ANALYSE THE PERFORMANCE OF A SPECIFIC CREW MEMBER

NO INDIVIDUAL FEEDBACK PROVIDED:


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THE FEEDBACK TO CREW/PERSONNELHow do you determine if feedback is effective?

Safety culture indicators (ex. ASR/1000 sectors) increase

Discussion during recurrent training or other sessionsGeneral Crew Surveys

Monitoring of the group performance

Trend analysis or analysis of a specific type of event

How is feedback determined on an group basis?(open answer)

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THE FEEDBACK TO CREW/PERSONNEL Acceptable or unacceptable?

Do you define circumstances where protection isremoved for a pilot or crew?

YES: 83% NO:17%

Do you explain to your pilots who draw the line betweenacceptable and unacceptable?

YES: 81% NO:19%

Do you explain to your pilots what is consideredunacceptable?

YES: 92% NO:8%

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THE FEEDBACK TO CREW/PERSONNELHow is the data protected?

Secure database/server/special arrangementswith IT

Limited access (group limitation, passwordprotected access)Outsourced FDM program with various rights

profiles depending on the role in the FDM group.Flights are codifiedData Protection Acts

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How is the data protected? (open answer)


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USE OF FDM for TRAINING PURPOSES

The survey

T HE W AY T RAINING IS PROVIDED

ATQP AND S IMULATOR E XERCISES

FDM AND R ECURRENT T RAINING

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Do you provide data from your FDM programme to your trainingdepartment? (main question)

NO 8%YES 92%

Do you provide statistical data?

NO 2%YES 98%

Do you use FDM data for event analysis for training?

NO 16%YES 84%

Do you provide replays (m.c.)?

on request 64%individually: 33%group basis: 29% no: 18%

USE OF FDM for TRAINING PURPOSESThe Way Training is provided

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USE OF FDM for TRAINING PURPOSES ATQP and Simulator Exercises

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R e s p o n s ePercen t

22.9%77.1%

Answer Options

YesNo

Is there a n ATQP in your co mpa ny? main question)


55.3%44.7%No

Yes

Answer Options

Do yo u inc lude t ra in ing mod u les ba sed on FDM trends /ev en tsin s imula to r exe rc i se s ? P lea se g ive an example . next slide

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Correct landing techniques to prevent "long landing" or flat landings

Stabilised and unstable approaches, go around

Go around with two engine following some level bust events

Training of special circle to land procedures, airport approaches with specific

conditions

Visual approaches or changes on route by ATC lead to unstable approaches

FDM Results in simulator exercises examples:

USE OF FDM for TRAINING PURPOSES ATQP and Simulator Exercises

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Approach to stalls, upset recovery,

Severe wake turbulence encounter during cruise

TCAS handling

F OR APPROACH AND L ANDING:

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reports

presentations

briefing packages

statistics/trends

verbal briefings

FDM incidents review


61.5%20.5%

41.0%20.5%

Ho w do yo u inc lude any FDM feed ba ck in rec urren t g round schoo l

m o d u le s ?

Posters

Video

Airport awareness

Answer Op tions

Other (please specify)

Tactical questionnaires(e.g what would you have done?)

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USE OF FDM for TRAINING PURPOSESFDM and Recurrent Training


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FEEDBACK to FLIGHT OPERATIONS

The survey

INTERVAL AND T YPE OF R EPORT

FDM AND F UEL S AVING

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98% of the interviewed provides data from FDMprogramme to the Flight Operations Department.

over what interval?

FEEDBACK to FLIGHT OPERATIONSInterval and Type of Report

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FDM & FLIGHT OPERATIONS YES NO

Do you provide trending data? 95,7% 4,3%

Do you provide event analysis? 82,6% 17,4%

Is FDM data used to verify the events associated with an AirSafety Report?

95,6% 4,4%

FEEDBACK to FLIGHT OPERATIONSInterval and Type of Report

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Is FDM data used to monitor fuel efficiency?

accuracy of flightplanning software

Follow up on clean-upaltitudes and use of aircondition during take-off

Remaining fuel

planned fuel vs. fuel used

FEEDBACK to FLIGHT OPERATIONSFDM and Fuel Saving

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Do you use FDM data as part of a Fatigue RiskManagement System? (main question)

NO 69%YES 31%

Do you correlate event trends/rates againstfatigue reports?

NO 20%YES 80%

FEEDBACK to OTHER AREASFatigue Risk Management System

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FDM and FRMS YES NO

Do you merge FDM data to planned/flown roster forFDM purposes?

46,7% 53,3%

Do you monitor event rates against flight couplings?(Mirroring)

46,7% 53,3%

FEEDBACK to OTHER AREASFatigue Risk Management System

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FDM & MAINTENANCE YES NO

1. Is FDM data used to investigate events for Maintenance purposes?(main question) 87,5% 12,5%

1.1 Do you use FDM data for maintenance investigation?(e.g Structural limit exceedence, flaps, landing gear)

100% 0%

1.2 Do you use FDM data to verify the maintenance status of any systems?(e.g. anti-icing, air conditioning etc)

45,2% 54,8%

1.3 Do you use FDM data for engine condition monitoring? 64,3% 35,7%

FEEDBACK to OTHER AREASMaintenance

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TOP MANAGEMENT REPORT

The survey

T OP M ANAGEMENT R EPORT

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Do you provide FDM reports to themanagement/board level of your organisation?(main question)

NO 12,5%YES 87,5%

What format is used? What is the reporting frequency?

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As this was an open question, the answers have been summarised as follow :


How do you report and monitor adverse trends to your

top management? (1/2)

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1.What is provided?(content included in the report)

Statistics

Trends of specific high risk events

In some cases FDM events included in KPIs

2. When is it provided?

Various intervals (monthly, quarterly, annually)

Immediately for high severity events or trends

In many cases management informed during SRB



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How do you report and monitor adverse trends to your

top management? (2/2)

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As this was an open question, the answers have been summarised as follow :

3. In which form is it provided?

Verbally/personally

Information sent via email

Specific written reports or presentations

Dashboards with real time information

Various forms used:



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Does the management usually act uponFDM reports ?

NO 24,4%YES 75,6%

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Some of the interviewed underline that no targets are defined

In several cases management ask for more details on specific parameters

Follow up is usually provided during specific meetings

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Conclusions

CONCLUSIONS S URVEY M IN M ENU

Due to the type of participants to the survey, results should be intended as a

picture for FDM in passenger transport operators flying airplanes;

It is still preferred to keep FDM Activity in house;

No magic software available, issue of dedicated experienced resources still open;

FDM reports different in form and issuing timeframe;

The majority of companies has adopted a MoU

Individual feedback is largely used as well as individual performance monitoring;

FDM is commonly used for crew training purposes, the use in other activities

(maintenance, crew planning) is still limited.


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Thank you

easa fdm survey

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