eastview terrace housing project · eastview terrace housing project construction management ......

Joshua Nicholson Senior Thesis 2003

Eastview Terrace Housing ProjectEastview Terrace Housing Project

Construction Management

Penn State University Penn State University -- University Park, PAUniversity Park, PA

Eastview Terrace Housing Rendering

Welcome Everyone…Welcome Everyone…





Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

♦ Project Design and Construction Considerations

♦ Alternative Project Delivery Systems Research

♦ Implementing Short Interval Production (SIP) Schedule

♦ Prefabricated Bathroom Units

♦ Alternative Chillers – Absorption & Adsorption





OwnerPenn State Office of Physical Plant

ArchitectHayes Large Architects

Construction ManagerTurner Construction Company

Project CostsTotal - $75,000,000Construction - $65,000,000

Project OverviewProject Overview





Location & SiteLocation & Site





ArchitectureArchitecture

EastmeetsWest





Project ScheduleProject Schedule

1) Fast-tracked intense schedule – 23 month duration





Mechanical SystemMechanical System

♦ Eastview Terrace Housing HVAC System Life Cycle Study

♦ Hot and chilled water fan coil units serviced from central utilities

♦ Three 400-ton centrifugal chiller plant

2) Find an optimized HVAC system w/respect to life cycle costs





Alternative Project Delivery ResearchAlternative Project Delivery Research

Goals:

“Alternative Project Delivery from Owner’s Prospective…”

2) What should an owner concern them self with when considering alternative delivery systems?

♦ Case Study: Georgia State Financing and Investing Commission

♦ Delivery selection for Eastview Terrace & OPP

1) Why is this important to an owner?

3) How can owner effectively use alternative delivery systems?






Why this is important to owners?

♦ Proper allocation of project risks

♦ Desire for owner to find a “best value” for the facility

♦ Reduce litigation, schedule/cost run-ons, and poor quality

♦ Traditional delivery – Contractor has less identity with project

♦ Establish a relationship with contractor – looks after interests of the project






Mike Kenig – Holder Construction Company






Case Study: Georgia State Financing and Investing Commission

♦ “Selecting the Appropriate Project Delivery Method”♦ “…intended to assist the Using Agency during the development of their Implementation Plan during Predesign Phase”

♦ Project deliveries defined♦ Contractor selection criteria♦ Decision factors for delivery selection♦ Decision “tree” – none exists

♦ Manual outline:






Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission






Penn State Office of the Physical Plant – Selection Procedures

♦ OPP produced a shortlist of three construction managers

♦ Based on previous experience with work on campus

♦ Picked on the merits of project team selection and prior work experience

♦ Interview process

♦ Decisions are based on team approach

♦ Contractor selection – competitive qualifications based






Alternative Project Delivery Summary

♦ Establish a “team” approach

♦ Effectively make value-based decisions

♦ Put own agenda behind the best interests of the project

♦ Establish and maintain trust among all participants

♦ Understanding alternative delivery is crucial to success

♦ Educating mangers on all delivery types

♦ Understanding when appropriate





Production ScheduleProduction Schedule

Production Principles within Construction

♦ Production control consists of work flow control and production unit control

♦ “Control…means causing a desired future rather than identifying variancesbetween plan and actual” – Lean Construction Institute

♦ Increase process transparency

♦ Area-based short interval production (SIP) schedule

♦ Buildings are divided into specific work “areas”

♦ Explicit and fixed amount of time is allotted to each area

♦ Activities flow through the areas in a predetermined sequence






SIP Schedule in Practice

♦ CM should sit down with all bidders - explain the expectations of using a SIP schedule ♦ Formulate a plan to complete the tasks on time

♦ Balancing crews, equipment, and materials is essential for this schedule to work smoothly

♦ SIP schedule is given to every sub and superintendent ♦ Subcontractor, architect, engineer, and superintendent perform “space ready” sheets






Benefits

♦ Transparent control of whole process

♦ Prefabrication work well within the schedule

♦ Subcontractor accountability to quality and schedule

♦ Significant amounts of time can be saved – however not in this case





Prefabricated Bathroom UnitsPrefabricated Bathroom UnitsIntroduction

♦ “Simplify by minimizing the number of steps, parts, and linkages”

♦ Walter Gropius and Buckminster Fuller

♦ Manufactured housing gains

♦ Asia and Europe – main use of prefabricated bathroom units

♦ Adaptation from ship building industry

♦ Over 800 bathrooms in Eastview Terrace

♦ Optimize use of SIP schedule





Composition

Prefabricated Bathroom UnitsPrefabricated Bathroom Units

♦ Come panelized or complete sealed unit

♦ All sanitary fixtures, fittings, accessories, and all electrical, heating, air-conditioning and ventilation connections in place

♦ Four types of structural composition:1) lightweight concrete 2) fiber reinforced plastic 3) combination of galvanized steel wall panels and concrete floor panel 4) combination of cement board wall panels and either concrete or fiber reinforced plastic floor panel





Prefabricated Bathroom UnitsPrefabricated Bathroom Units





Prefabricated Bathroom UnitsPrefabricated Bathroom UnitsDelivery and Installation

♦ Conjunction with the structure

♦ Prior to the erection of the successive floor

♦ 17’ X 7’- 8”

♦ 53’ Flatbed trailer – 3 units each

♦ 270 units = 90 truckloads

♦ Can arrive just-in-time for erection





Alternative Chillers Alternative Chillers -- ExistingExisting

♦ Three 400-ton centrifugal chillers♦ Electric powered centrifugal compressor to drive the vapor/compression refrigeration cycle

♦ Use R-134a refrigerant ♦ Need 0.6 to 0.88 kWh per ton of cooling





Alternative Chillers Alternative Chillers -- CogenerationCogeneration

♦ Waste steam from the production of power can be used for energy

♦ 13-psig steam is the byproduct of the electric generators used at the west campus steam plant

♦ Absorption or adsorption chillers both use steam/hot water for energy sources





Alternative Chillers Alternative Chillers -- AbsorptionAbsorption

♦ Same refrigeration cycle principles as a vapor compression chiller

♦ Combination of a generator and absorber to replace the compressor

♦ “Refrigerant” used in these is a solution of lithium bromide and water

♦ Indirect and direct-fired

♦ Require only 0.02 kWh per ton of cooling

♦ CFCs or HCFCs – environmentally friendly





Alternative Chillers Alternative Chillers -- AbsorptionAbsorptionConcerns

♦ Significant downfalls of using in a cogeneration setup♦ Hot water flow rates and temperatures can fluctuate with heat recovery applications♦ Chillers become less efficient as heat input drops below 185°F and prefer a stable input condition to operate♦ Lithium bromide is highly corrosive and can cause hassles with crystallization / cost around $1,200 per 30 gallon♦ Absorption chillers must reject more heat than a centrifugal chiller♦ Larger cooling tower sizes





Alternative Chillers Alternative Chillers -- AdsorptionAdsorption♦ The accumulation of gases, liquids, or solutes on the surface of a solid or liquid♦ Collection of water vapor in the air by a hydroscopic material - dehumidification♦ Hydroscopic material is a silica gel♦ After water vapor has been adsorbed by the silica gel, the inlet hot water is used to then condense the water again, in what is called regeneration♦ Silica gel can easily adsorb and release the water vapor an unlimited amount of times





Alternative Chillers Alternative Chillers -- AdsorptionAdsorptionBenefits

♦ Perform well over a broad range of hot water input temperatures (122°F to 194°F)

♦ Capacity output remains stable even as input temperatures drop

♦ Can maintain capacity even when flow rate varieties +/- 50%

♦ No lithium bromide solution and no corrosion and crystallization problems

♦ Silica gel is expected to last upwards of 30 years

♦ Much smaller in size then absorption chillers





Alternative Chillers Alternative Chillers -- AdsorptionAdsorption





Alternative Chillers Alternative Chillers -- AdsorptionAdsorptionConcerns

♦ First invented in Japan in 1986 – relatively new technology

♦ Only found two manufacturers – Japan & Germany

♦ Only one supplier in the USA – Houston, TX

♦ Availability – not manufactured in United States, but soon

♦ Significant costs difference

♦ Limited capacities – 600 Ton used for Eastview





Alternative Chillers Alternative Chillers -- ComparisonComparisonCentrifugal Absorption Adsorption

Size (3) 400T (3) 400T (2) 600TCost $143,000 $187,000 $250,000Volts 480V - 3phase 460V - 3phase 200V - 3phasekWhr/ton 0.7 0.02 0.004kWhr 240 24 4.8Yearly kWhr 403200 40320 8064Price per kWhr (¢) 3.763 3.763 3.763Electric Cost (per year) $15,172.42 $1,517.24 $303.45

Cost $59,400 $103,950 $69,500Flow Rate (GPM) 3,600 4,800 4,224Motor Size (h.p.) 20 30 30Full Load Amps 27 40 40Volts 460 460 460

Quantity/Size n/a n/a (2) 1200 GPMCost n/a n/a $133,000

Quantity/Size (6) 600 GPM (6) 800 GPM (7) 600 GPMCost $14,100 $15,000 $16,400

Chiller Type

Cooling Tower

Condenser Water Pumps

Chillers

Heat Exchanger (Steam to HW)





Alternative Chillers Alternative Chillers –– Life Cycle CostLife Cycle CostCentrifugal Absorption Adsorption

Intital Costs $216,500 $305,950 $468,9001st Year Costs $231,672 $307,467 $469,2032nd Year Costs $246,845 $308,984 $469,5073rd Year Costs $262,017 $310,502 $469,8104th Year Costs $277,190 $312,019 $470,1145th Year Costs $292,362 $313,536 $470,4176th Year Costs $307,534 $315,053 $470,7218th Year Costs $322,707 $316,571 $471,0249th Year Costs $337,879 $318,088 $471,3283rd Year Costs $353,052 $319,605 $471,63110th Year Costs $368,224 $321,122 $471,93411th Year Costs $383,397 $322,640 $472,23812th Year Costs $398,569 $324,157 $472,54113th Year Costs $413,741 $325,674 $472,84514th Year Costs $428,914 $327,191 $473,14815th Year Costs $444,086 $328,709 $473,45216th Year Costs $459,259 $330,226 $473,75517th Year Costs $474,431 $331,743 $474,05918th Year Costs $489,603 $333,260 $474,36219th Year Costs $504,776 $334,778 $474,66620th Year Costs $519,948 $336,295 $474,969

Chiller Type





Summary & ConclusionsSummary & Conclusions

♦ Project delivery selection for Eastview correlates to a “team”

♦ CM chose on merits of experience and team selection

♦ Owner chose contractor they could trust

♦ Area-based SIP schedule provides for better schedule control

♦ Increase in quality control

♦ Better subcontractor accountability

Project Delivery

Production Scheduling





Summary & ConclusionsSummary & Conclusions

Prefabricated Bathroom Units

♦ Address principles of production – less steps, parts, and linkages

♦ Work well within a SIP schedule – more efficient jobsite

♦ No domestic manufactures – huge logistics problem

Adsorption Chiller Alternative♦ Solves problems seen by absorption in cogeneration setup

♦ Silica gel used in regenerative process – lasts upwards of 30 years

♦ Expensive due to newness of technology – should go down





Questions?Questions?

eastview terrace housing project · eastview terrace housing project construction management ......

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