(ebs rhetoric & style)d1anutt72n1dwl.cloudfront.net/course/1427773547.52_2015_ebs_st… · ebs...

(EBS Rhetoric & Style)

EBS, 수능영어 대한민국 최고 권위자

영어 정지웅

Orbi Premium Class

EBS 수능특강

징후적 독해

본 자료에는 수능출제 예상 내용이 있습니다. 절

대 외부 유출 금지!!!

Orbi Premium Class 7 대한민국 명품강의 명품 교재 영웅 정지웅 선생

★★

0201 EBS Style

0. A _________ is a statement which seems on its face to be logically contradictory or

absurd, yet turns out to be interpretable in a way that makes sense.1

“Dark with excessive bright thy skirts appear.”

① metaphor ② analogy ② paradox ④ simile

★★ 1. To many people, television is just flickering wallpaper, moving pictures in the corner

of the room.

2. As a medium, television is extremely easy to watch without, apparently, requiring a

great deal of effort from the viewer.

3. However, while it is easy to watch television, it is hard to write analytically about it.

★★

4. If you are studying communications, media studies, social studies, humanities or

English, you will probably need either to write about a television programme, or to

prepare and present a project about television at some point in the course of your

studies.

5. Most students find this very [difficult / difficultly].

★★★

6. Precisely because television is so easy to watch, it seems to [refine / resist] our efforts

to analyze it critically.

1 It is a paradox that computers need maintenance so often, since they are meant to save people time. As an actor, he's a paradox—he loves being in the public eye but also deeply values and protects his privacy.



EBS 2015 수특 징후적 독해 8 한국 영어의 자존심, 437의 전설은 시작에 불과합니다.

★

0202

0. People are most often involved in accidents as they walk around the workplace, or

when they come into contact with vehicles in or around the workplace. It is therefore

important to understand the various common causes of accidents, and the control

strategies that can be employed to reduce them.

예측독해

1. Slip and trip accidents are a major problem for large retail stores for both customers

and employees.

문법적 판단력

2. The provision of non-slip flooring, a good standard of lighting, and minimizing the

need to block aisles during the re-stocking of merchandise [is / are] typical measures

that many stores use to reduce such accidents.2

3. Other measures include the wearing of suitable footwear by employees, adequate

handrails on stairways, the highlighting of any floor level changes and procedures to

ensure a quick and effective response to any reports of floor damage or spillages.

4. Good housekeeping procedures are essential. The design of the store layout and any

associated warehouse can also ensure a reduction in all types of accident.

5. Many of these measures are valid for a range of workplaces.

Introduction to Health and Safety at Work

2 take steps / actions / measures




★★★

0203 EBS Style

Media convergence

0. Media convergence takes place when products typically linked to one medium show

up on many media. When you can get a Red Sox baseball game broadcast in Boston

to show up on your laptop computer and or your Android phone in Seattle, that is

convergence. When you can transfer an Adele music album from your laptop to your

iPod, iPhone, iPad, or Xbox, that is convergence.

단락의 전개방식은?

1. When a person watches a television movie or listens to a compact disc, it is

reasonably clear that the prime purpose of the communication is entertainment.

2. Television news shows might be watched to gain information, but the television

stations are well aware of the importance of presenting news in an entertaining fashion.

3. Are television news and newspaper reporting really just other forms of entertainment?

4. You might argue that listening to the radio in the morning to check traffic conditions

is information gathering.

5. Calling a travel agent to make an airline reservation clearly is an example of using

the telephone as an information tool.

6. But talking by telephone for hours with a distant friend is an entertaining way to keep

in contact and exchange information of what is happening.

영어원문

7. Obviously, forms of most communication can be used for more than one purpose.

The Evolution of Media




★★

0204 예측독해

1. Small children have smaller stomachs. They need concentrated foods, high in

calories but low in volume.

2. This is one of the main causes of infant [malnutrition / malpractice / malfunction].

3. In many countries, children are poorly fed but adults are not.

★★

4. It would be a mistake to believe that adults eat everything and leave nothing for the

children.3

5. Parents (and especially mothers) watch out for their children. They would happily give

up their own food in order to feed their children.

6. The problem is that many times the only food available to families [consists of / consist

in / consist with] vegetables and roots high in fibre but low in calories.

7. Adults can eat all they need, as their stomachs are big enough.

8. And in enough quantity, any food will fatten a person.

9. Small children, as hard as they try, cannot eat the amount of vegetables needed,

because they don't have enough room in their stomach.4

My Child Won't Eat: How to Enjoy Mealtimes Without Worry

3 We left plenty of work for him.[＝We left him plenty of work.] 그에게 많은 일을 남겨 주었다. He left his daughter a handsome legacy. [= He left a handsome legacy to his daughter.] 그는 딸에게 상당한 유산을 남겼다. 4 hard as they try, =though they try hard




★★★

0205 EBS Style 영어원문

Sport Carries the Green Virus

0. Sustainability relates to doing those things that enable people to meet present needs

without [containing / compromising] the ability of our children to meet their needs.

1. The universal appeal of sports, together with its inherent link to health and wellbeing,

makes it the ideal transmitter of messages about the environment.

2. We are already accustomed to ‘hearing’ messages about national pride and fair play

through sport.5

3. Sport, and in particular the sporting event industry, now represents the front-line for

sustainable development campaigns.

4. Environmental sustainability is not only making sporting events more marketable, but

it is attracting the kind of corporate sponsors who are keen to leverage public approval

to enhance corporate reputation. *leverage = use

5. The environmental ‘virus’ is made more virulent when sporting heroes are used to

transmit the ‘disease’; a notable example being Planet Ark, an Australian not-for-profit

environmental group, set up by retired Wimbledon tennis champion Pat Cash.

*virulent = infectious, poisonous, deadly,

cf.

6. The universal appeal of sport, together with its inherent link to health and wellbeing,

makes it the ideal carrier of messages about the environment. Sport,and in particular

the sporting event industry, now represents the front-line for sustainable development

campaigns. This not only boosts the marketability of sporting events, but it attracts the

kind of corporate sponsors who are keen to leverage public approval, in turn funding a

sustainable green environment. However, the philosophical thread running through this

chapter goes beyond merely achieving sporting and business success: we wonder if

sport ultimately can provide a vehicle to mentally programme our global green

consciousness until we achieve a singularity that will ‘naturally’ lead to the course of

planet sustainability.

The Sport Business Future

5 object to ~ing / look forward to ~ing / be used to ~ing / what do you say to ~ing / when it comes to ~ing / with a view to ~ing / be devoted to ~ing




★★

0206 구문독해

동사찾기, 예측독해

1. Within the societal cultures of the United States and Canada, subcultural differences

once ignored by many managers now command significant attention and sensitivity.6

2. Historically, the North American workforce has consisted primarily of white males.

3. Today, however, white males make up far less than 50 percent of business new hires

in the United States, whereas women and African American, Hispanic, and Asian men

account for increasingly large segments of the U.S. workforce.

*segments = portions

4. Moreover, in the last ten years the number of women and minorities [consuming /

resuming / assuming] managerial positions in the U.S. workforce has grown by over 25

percent.

5. It is becoming—and will continue to become—even more important for managers to

know about and be ready to respond to the challenges deriving from individual

differences in abilities, personalities, and motives.7

영어원문

6. Knowledge about the workplace consequences of these differences, drawn from the

subfield of micro organizational behavior, can provide managers with help in this regard.

6 His fine speech commanded everyone's attention. 그의 훌륭한 이야기가 모든 사람의 관심을 끌었다. command = deserve and receive as due, attract 7 much, even, still, far, by far, a lot + 비교급




★★★★

0207 EBS Style

controlled experiment

0. When doing an experiment, it is important to set up the experiment so that

relationships can be seen clearly. A controlled experiment is one that compares the

results of an experimental sample to a control sample. The control sample is identical

to the experimental sample in all ways except for the one variable being tested.

1. Suppose you wish to determine which brand of microwave popcorn leaves the fewest

unpopped kernels.

2. You will need a supply of various brands of microwave popcorn to test, and you will

need a microwave oven.

3. If you used different brands of microwave ovens with different brands of popcorn, the

percentage of unpopped kernels could be caused by the different brands of popcorn,

but it could also be caused by the different brands of ovens.

4. Under such circumstances, the experimenter would not be able to conclude

confidently whether the popcorn or the oven caused the difference.

5. To eliminate this problem, you must use the same microwave oven for every test.

6. In order to reasonably conclude that the change in one variable was caused by the

change in another specific variable, there must be no other variables in the experiment.

By using the same microwave oven, you control the number of ___________ in the

experiment.

① trials ② samples ③ subjects ④ variables

CK-12 Chemistry - Second Edition




7. In the scientist’s experiment, it was necessary that she freeze the salt water and fresh

water under exactly the same conditions. Why? The scientist was testing whether or not

the presence of salt in water would alter its freezing point. It is known that even changing

the air pressure will alter the freezing point of water. In order to conclude that the

presence of the salt was what caused the change in freezing point, all other conditions

had to be identical. When doing an experiment, it is important to set up the experiment

so that relationships can be seen clearly. A controlled experiment is one that compares

the results of an experimental sample to a control sample. The control sample is

identical to the experimental sample in all ways except for the one variable being tested.

The fresh water sample is the control sample, while the sample containing salt is the

experimental sample. The presence of salt is the only thing allowed to change in the

two samples and is the effect being tested. In an experiment, there may be only one

variable, and the purpose of the control is to guarantee that there is only one variable.

Unless experiments are controlled, the results are not valid.




★★★★

0208

unintended consequences, unanticipated consequences

negative feedback, adverse effects

영어원문, 고급 영문법

1. If we are planning on reducing congestion on a busy roadway, the intuitive thing to

do is to simply widen the road. This is the most common policy approach taken over

and over again throughout history and across nations.

2. Surprisingly, though, the more one widens the road, the more congested the road

becomes.

3. This is because wider roads reduce barriers to driving.8

4. This, in turn, increases the demand for cars. Increased demand for cars tends to

increase competition among carmakers and drive down prices, leading to still more cars

on the road.

5. Without regulations, carmakers are unlikely to invest in reducing emissions, [as

though / even if] their profits rise and technology advances.

6. Wider roads and cheaper cars also allow people to relocate to cheaper real estate

farther from major downtown economic areas. *relocate = move

7. This increases driving time and puts more cars on the road still.9

8. People become more and more dependent on the car until it is strange not to own

one.

9. So, more infrastructure still is devoted to the car and more cars end up on the road.

10. For instance, a car culture reduces pressure on politicians to build or maintain

expensive public transit systems. The end result of this intuitive policy solution? More

pollution, worse health outcomes, and, yes, more congestion. Though this cycle has

been observed time and time again, policy makers keep widening roads simply because

it seems the intuitive thing to do, especially in the short term. With a systems perspective,

we can better see how the elements of a system can produce counterintuitive results.

Thus, it is always a good idea to hire a systems person before investing millions or

billions of dollars in a major change in the way that things are done. This will help avert

any unintended consequences.

8 This is because / This is why / This is how 9 even and still are often used in end position, especially in spoken contexts: ex) They played badly didn’t they, worse than last week even. The journey home was more boring still. (CGE)




영어원문

11. One way of tackling policy resistance is to better understand the complex systems

underlying them. If we can imagine all of the potential unintended consequences of

any given action, such as treating river blindness, then we can potentially avert some of

the problems that might arise (and threaten lives or waste money).

Systems—such as a health system, the economy, or the environment—are complicated,

and the elements of systems tend to interact in ways that produce counterintuitive

results. This counterintuitive behavior of systems arises from dynamic complexity.

Dynamic complexity refers to complicated interactions between different elements of a

system. Often, these elements push back when you try to fix a problem. For example,

as mentioned in chapter 10, penicillin was once used for a huge array of infections. Now,

thanks to antibiotic resistance pushing back at us. it is virtually useless against all but a

handful of organisms. This process of pushing back is called negative feedback

(Sterman, 2006).




★★★★★

0301

영어원문

0. Attention is a limited resource.

1. Paying attention to one thing necessarily comes at the expense of another.

구문독해 ★★★

2. Letting your eyes get too taken in by all of the scientific equipment in the laboratory

prevents you from noticing [anything / something] of significance about the man in that

same room.

구문독해 ★★★★

3. We cannot allocate our attention to multiple things at once and expect it to function

at the same level as it would were we to focus on just one activity.10

4. Two tasks cannot possibly be in the attentional foreground at the same time.

*foreground = focus

5. One will inevitably end up being the focus, and the other—or others—more akin to

irrelevant noise, something to be filtered out.

6. Or worse still, none will have the focus and all will be, albeit slightly clearer, noise,

but degrees of noise all the same.11 *albeit = although

Mastermind: How to Think Like Sherlock Holmes

10 locate / dislocate / allocate 11 all the same ① notwithstanding; nevertheless: You don't have to go but we wish you would, all the same. ② of no difference; immaterial: It's all the same to me whether our team loses or wins.




★★

0302

1. Building the body’s cells with raw foods naturally protects us from bacterial infections

and viruses of every kind.12

구문독해 ★★

2. It fortifies the cells in ways that only raw foods can because the human body, as well

as all life on Earth, has been conditioned to receive its nutrients in that way for billions

of years. *fortify = strengthen

3. However, [high / highly] processed foods first appeared in the 1930’s.

4. The rise of chronic disease of all kinds correlates precisely with the increased

consumption of processed foods.

5. Cancer is a perfect example of this. It has continued it’s meteoric rise since the 1930’s

and now one of every three people in the United States will get cancer in their lifetime.

*meteoric = sudden

6. Switch to a raw food diet and disease will disappear from your life for good, or for as

long as you remain a raw foodist.13

12 naturally ① in a natural or normal manner ② by nature; innately or inherently ③ of course; as would be expected; needless to say. 13 as soon as / as many as / as large as / as early as / as late as / as good as / as far as / as long as / as often as




★★

0303

Suggestion

0. Everyone needs to receive regular feedback on how well they are performing their

job. This is true regardless of one’s job level or years on the job. Typically, in many or

most organizations, feedback is received via an annual performance review by their

immediate supervisor. Why not give employees valuable and important feedback more

often than once a year?

Strategy

1. Formal appraisals are a very important part of the overall communications an

employee receives concerning job performance.14 *appraisal 평가

2. However, if feedback is received only once during the year, it will fall short of meeting

its ultimate objective.

구문독해

3. For an employee to receive feedback that can truly help him or her improve

performance, it must be provided on a regular and more frequent basis.

4. If there are areas of improvement to be addressed, they should not be "saved up’’

until the time of the annual appraisal before being communicated to the employee.

★★★

5. [Similarly / In other words], feedback about an individual's good job performance

should also be communicated and reinforced on a frequent and regular basis.

구문독해

6. Set up quarterly discussions, for example, or be careful to do them as projects come

to an end or at other appropriate times.

Result

The more frequently an employee receives feedback about their job performance, the

greater its potential value. More frequent feedback on performance will give employees

greater opportunities to improve their performance and to benefit from an important form

of communication. It will also prevent misunderstandings concerning what is expected

of employees as they will receive the information in a positive and proactive manner on

a more regular basis. Performance feedback shapes behavior in ways that help

employees grow both personally and professionally.

99 Ways to Keep Employees Happy, Satisfied, Motivated and Productive

14 about / on / as to / concerning / regarding / when it comes to




★★★

0304 EBS Style

throw my knapsack over the brick wall

Goals and Success

0. People who set goals are more likely to succeed than people who do not. Having

explicit objectives that are challenging and specific—with clear timeline and

performance criteria—leads to better performance. Setting a goal is about making a

commitment in words, and words have the power to create a better future.

When it comes to the connection between goals and success, the science of psychology

confirms, as it often does, what our language communicates, what some of the religious

texts tell us, and what many people have experienced. The etymological connection

between concept and conceive is not accidental. Through concepts, through words, we

can conceive, give birth to, a new reality. In the Hebrew Bible, for example, God created

the world with words: “Let there be light: and there was light.” The book of John begins,

“In the beginning was the word.”

*etymological 어원상의

문법적 판단력

1. In 1879 Thomas Edison announced that he would publicly display the electric

lightbulb by December 31, even though all his experiments had, to that point, failed.

2. He threw his knapsack over the brick wall—the numerous challenges that he still

faced—and on the last day of that year, there was light.

구문독해

3. In 1962, when John F. Kennedy declared to the world that the United States was

going to land a man on the moon by the end of the decade, some of the metals

necessary for the journey had not yet been invented, and the technology required for

completing the journey was not available.

4. But he threw his—and NASA’s—knapsack over the brick wall. Though making a

verbal commitment, no matter how bold and how inspiring, does not ensure that we

reach our destination, it does enhance the [likeness / likelihood] of success.

Tal Ben-Shahar, Happier




간접연계

5. My life is a journey. I am walking, knapsack on my back, making good progress.

Sooner or later, inevitably, I reach a brick wall that stands in the way of reaching my

destination. What do I do at this moment? I can choose to take the easy path, turn

around, and avoid the challenge posed by the barrier. Or I can throw my knapsack over

the wall, thus committing myself to finding ways of getting through, underneath, around,

or over it. Declaring that I will reach a certain destination, making a pledge, is about

metaphorically throwing my knapsack over the brick wall. I create my future by

expressing, in words and deeds, my commitment to it. Although making a verbal

commitment, no matter how bold and how inspiring, does not ensure that I reach my

destination, it does enhance the likelihood of success. Words create worlds; acts of

courage break barriers.

Tal Ben-Shahar, Choose the Life You Want (2014)




★★★★★

0305

0. We also categorize items based on their history.

1. Imagine encountering a piece of fruit that seems to be a lemon. It has the right shape,

the right smell, the right color, and the right texture. “It’s a lemon,” you think.

2. But then we paint it with red nail polish, we coat it with ammonia, and we squash it

flat. Is it still a lemon? Of course it is. It’s just a lemon that has been abused.

3. But note that it is no longer similar in any [obvious / obscure] ways to other members

of the category.


4. What makes it a lemon is a narrative we construct about how it started and how it

came to be the way it is now.

5. Or consider a fake $20 bill that you have just seen come off your friend’s color laser

printer. It’s a perfect replica, to your eyes, of a real $20. It looks right, it feels right, it

even smells right. So is it a $20 bill? Of course not. It’s a fake $20 bill.

*replica = copy

6. Aristotle understood that ethical choices are rarely black-and-white. It is the same

thing that Judge Forer and Dr. Lowenstein understood—that whether and how to follow

rules depends on an appreciation of _________. This is why Aristotle thought that ethics

could never be a “science”—that ethical decisions could never be derived from a set of

clear-cut rules and principles. That, he said, is why practical wisdom was needed

① logic ② evidence ③ nature ④ context

7. We now know quite a bit about our extraordinary capacity to categorize our fuzzy

world. A century ago, the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein made the important

argument that most of our everyday categories are like “fruit” and “truth” and decidedly

not like “rectangle.” These everyday categories have come to be called “natural

categories,” to distinguish them from more formal, precisely defined categories like

“rectangle.”

Practical Wisdom: The Right Way to Do the Right Thing




★★★★

0306

theories of color preference

0. Given the importance of the question, surprisingly little has been written about why

people like the colors they do. Most of the literature on color preference consists of

psychophysical experiments that simply describe preferences without explaining them.

This is, of course, an essential first step in understanding color preferences, but going

on to answer the why question is the important next step, which has seldom been taken.

1. One approach was suggested by Nicholas Humphrey, who proposed that color

preferences arise because of the different signals that colors convey to organisms in

nature.15

EBS

1-1. Nicholas Humphrey suggests that color preferences arise because of the different

signals that colors convey to organisms in nature.

2. He argues that colors can send “approach” signals, such as the colors of flowers that

attract pollinating bees, or “avoid” signals, such as the colors of poisonous toads that

warn off potential predators.16


3. The underlying idea is that because colors carry information about which kinds of

objects an organism should or should not interact with, it would be beneficial if the

organism “liked” the colors that send approach signals and “disliked” the ones that send

avoid signals, as these aesthetic experiences will lead the organism to behave

adaptively.17 *beneficial = of benefit

문법적 판단력

4. The bottom line is that the relevance of chromatic information for the organism’s

health and well-being makes it beneficial for the organism to behave in accord with such

color preferences. *chromatic = color-related

Aesthetic Science: Connecting Minds, Brains, and Experience

15 rise / raise / arise / arouse / rouse 16 would-be, potential, prospective, promising 17 object (v.) objective (a.) objective (n.) object (n.)




★★★★★

0307

wisdom of crowds, Crowd-sourcing, Collective Intelligence, Argumentum ad populum

00. Crowd-sourcing refers to a ‘distributed’ method for solving problems or completing

complex tasks, where large numbers of people contribute their time, knowledge and

expertise in a collaborative way.

영어원문

0. Even if the United States is filled with politically clueless people, it may not be such a

big deal if they balance each other out.

1. In this view, mass political opinion can be sort of like guessing the number of marbles

in a pickle jar.18

2. Most people’s guesses will miss the mark, but the average guess of a large enough

crowd is generally very accurate.

논리독해

3. The idea that the masses generally come up with good overall decisions is sometimes

referred to as the “wisdom of crowds,” and it really does work amazingly well for some

things.19

4. The problem is that in politics we don’t see the pickle jar for ourselves—we view it

through the lens of the media, and the media show us a distorted view of politics.20

5. Thus, we should be aware of such media biases in order to minimize the likelihood

that they'll throw off our political judgment, even though there's no way to permanently

"fix" them.

영어원문

5-1. This goes a lot further than liberal or conservative bias. (In fact, ideological

distortion may be one of the less important types of bias in the media.) Even if we could

somehow get a clear view of the political pickle jar, it turns out that we’re biased too,

meaning that we bring our own distortions to the political news we get. The bad news is

that there’s no way to permanently “fix” these biases. The good news is that if we are at

least aware of them— both in the media and in ourselves— we can minimize the

likelihood that they’ll throw off our political judgment.

Navigating the News: A Political Media User's Guide

18 sort of = in a way; somewhat; rather 19 refer to A as B = see, view, look upon, think of, define, describe, depict, take A as B; 20 by oneself / for oneself / beside oneself / in itself / of itself / inspite of oneself / to oneself




기출 Best of Best

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Psychologist Solomon Asch wanted to discover whether people’s tendency to agree

with their peers was stronger than their tendency toward independent thought and

rational judgment. Asch assembled groups of twelve university students and announced

that they were taking part in an experiment on visual perception. He showed them three

line segments, and asked each one in turn which line was the longest. It was an easy

task and the correct answer was obvious. However, Asch had secretly instructed all but

the last person in each group, who was the real subject of the experiment, to say that

the medium-length line was the longest. As it turned out, over 70 percent of the real

subjects _______________ and said that the medium-length line was the longest.

① caved in to group pressure

② figured out the correct answer

③ had problems with their vision

④ roped the other group members in

⑤ used rational judgment in their decision-making




★★★

0308

positive thinking vs negative thoughts

1. If you plant a seed in the ground and water it every day, it starts to grow towards the

surface.

★★★

2. If you don’t know and trust that this seed is growing, you will doubt [that / whether]

anything at all is happening underneath the surface.21

3. You may start to say: “I don’t believe in this! I water this piece of ground every day

but I never see any results for all my hard work!”22

★★★

4. Part of life is trusting [that if / even if / as if] you put in the effort, the outcome is already

happening with your very intention and then your action.

one day

5. Eventually, [one day / some day / the other day], that little plant breaks through the

soil with its green, new stem.

문법적 판단력

6. And from there, you watch it grow stronger and more vital every day (as long as you

keep looking after it and watering it!).

영어원문

7. Like I said, negative thoughts are sly, they are often perpetuated by your

subconscious in that they can become so automatic that you might never notice that

you are actually thinking negatively.

Change Your Life!: Powerful Tools for Life Changing Results

21 ask, wonder, doubt, tell 22 ~에도 불구하고 : for all =with all =in spite of =despite




★★★★

0309

Global Warming Is Not the Only Issue

0. This does not mean that we should do nothing and just embrace global warming. We

have looked at just one aspect: direct impacts from temperature. There are other issues,

which we will discuss later, in which general and long-term impacts will be more

negative.

But this aspect tells us three things, loud and clear. First, our understanding of global

warming as shaped by the media and the environmental pundits is severely biased. We

are being told by respected scientist James Lovelock that with the coming climate-

change devastation the thirty-five thousand dead in Europe in 2003 was just the prelude

to a new Stone Age: “Before this century is over billions of us will die and the few

breeding pairs of people that survive will be in the Arctic where the climate remains

tolerable.” This is far beyond the pale of our understanding of climate change. And

getting the facts wrong means we may make staggeringly bad policy judgments.

1. Second, when we talk about global warming, we seem obsessed with regulating just

one parameter—namely, CO2.

2. But while turning down the CO2 knob may be part of the solution, surely our primary

concern ought to be to advance human and environmental well-being the most, where

many other knobs are in play. *knob = level

3. While cutting CO2 will save some people from dying of heat, it will simultaneously

cause more people to die from cold.

4. This highlights how reducing CO2 means indiscriminately eliminating both negative

and positive effects of global warming. *indiscriminately = blindly

5. We ought at least to consider adaptive strategies that would allow us to hold on to

the positive effects of climate change while reducing or eliminating its damages.

6. Third, global warming is not the only issue we need to tackle. This especially holds

true for the third world. Take a look at the World Health Organization’s estimates of what

kills us. WHO finds that climate change kills about 150,000 people in the developing

world now, but as we will see in the section on malaria below, they failed to include

avoided cold deaths, so this estimate is vastly overstated.

Nevertheless, it is obvious that there are many other mid more pressing issues for the

third world, such as almost four million people dying from malnutrition, three million fmm

HIV/AIDS, 2.5 million fmm indoor and outdoor air pollution, more than two million from

lack of micronutrients (iron, zinc, and vitamin A), and almost two million from lack of

clean drinking water.

Bjorn Lomborg, Cool It




★★

0310

1. Some tennis players believe that the first chance of serving is for trial and invariably

use the second chance.

2. The result is that they commit double fault quite often.

문맥추론

3. Once you have faltered in serving, there is no question of playing further.

구문독해

4. At times they commit double fault at such a crucial stage of the game that it becomes

suicidal.

5. The lesson to be learnt is that, first of all, one should avoid committing mistakes in

life and the opportunity should be grabbed in the first instance itself.23

6. If however a mistake has been committed, it should not be repeated because life

does not give you many chances.

7. If you miss all your chances, you lose the game of life.

8. Therefore one has to be ‘watchful’ in order to make use of the opportunities offered

by life.

구문독해

9. In no case should any opportunity be lost in the hope that more opportunities will

come.

영어원문 ★★★

10. A mistake should only be a genuine failure and not an imposed one.

Positive Mind Power

23 first of all / for the first time / at first




★★★

0311

0. In 1999, the Union of Concerned Scientists published a book analyzing American

society and explaining how things we do in our daily lives affect the environment.

Focusing on global warning, the report concluded that the two most damaging things

residents of this country do to our climate are drive vehicles that get poor gas mileage

and eat beefs'

★★

1. Stabilizing our climate would help [absolve / dissolve / resolve] what many scientists

consider to be the gravest environmental danger humankind has ever faced.

문법적 판단력

2. Each of us has a part to play in shifting our culture toward a way of life that respects

the natural world.

3. The choices we make and the way we live can play roles in turning the tide.

문맥추론

4. By eating in a way that is congruent both with our own health and the health of the

biosphere, we call help our society to face and to turn around the enormous

environmental challenges of our times.

5. The more people move toward plant-based food choices, the greater the possibility

that our species will not only survive, but will thrive.

6. A cultural shift toward a plant-based diet would be a step toward environmental sanity.

It would be an act of love for all generations yet to come.24

The Food Revolution

24 sanity = the state of being sane; soundness of mind




간접연계




★★★★

0312

the icing on the cake

be 동사

1. Buildings are everywhere, large and small, ugly and beautiful, ambitious and dumb.25

2. We walk among them and live inside them but are largely passive dwellers in cities

of towers, houses, open spaces, and shops we had no hand in creating.

영어원문

3. But we are their best audience. Owners, clients, and residents come and go, but

architecture lives on, acting a role in the life of the city and its citizens long after the

original players are gone.

4. Architecture critics can praise and pick on new designs, but their readership has lately

been too limited. We talk (in person, on blogs) about homes as investments, building

sites as opportunities, unsold condominiums as an economic disaster, but all of that

real-estate chatter sidesteps the physical reality of projects built and unbuilt.

*sidestep = avoid

5. Rather than just talking about money, we should also be talking about height and

bulk, style and sustainability, openness of architecture and of process.

6. Design is not the icing on the cake but what makes architecture out of buildings, what

turns them into places where we want to live and eat and shop.

EBS

6-1. Design is not the icing on the cake but what makes architecture out of buildings

and the places we want to live and eat and shop rather than avoid.

해석?

7. Instead of less talk, what we need are more critics—citizen critics—equipped with the

desire and the vocabulary to remake the city.26

Writing About Architecture

25 be 1.있다 2.이다 3.되다 4. 존재하다 26 Less talk more action




★★★

0401

1. Plug-in hybrids have the potential to make a quantum leap over current hybrids.

*quantum = huge

예측독해

2. They were first made available to the public in 2010 and were initially quite expensive.

hoped ★★★

3. It is [hoped / wanted], though, that models will be available within a few years that will

be cost competitive with regular cars.

4. They get 100 miles per gallon or more, but the advantages go way beyond fuel

efficiency.

5. It is not an exaggeration to say that plug-in hybrids could help save us from oil

dependence, air pollution, and a deteriorating atmosphere.

6. By dispensing with 80 to 90 percent of the gasoline used by conventional cars, these

vehicles could play a key role in our getting unhooked from fossil fuels.

*dispense with = do ___________

The New Good Life: Living Better Than Ever in an Age of Less




★★★

0402

You Can’t NOT Lead

000. Not only is leadership not a position, but the truth also is that you can’t not lead.

That is, whether you want to or not, you are influencing others. Simply by showing up a

certain way in our life and work, each of us creates a ripple even if we don’t intend to.

00. Since leadership is not a position, it means that each of us can throw punches far

above our weight class. We don’t need a title or a position of power to have influence.

Of course, claiming we have no influence is a great crutch that can keep us from having

to step up. We can say things like, “If they ever give me some real authority around here,

let me tell you what I would do.” Well, here is a news flash—you already have authority.

You already are a leader. The only question is how are you using the influence that you

already have?

0. One way to get in touch with how you want to be influential is to ask yourself what

your intention is every day. That is, in what way do you want to influence others every

day, just by the way you show up?

단락의 전개방식

1. Over the years in workshop sessions I have led, I have asked thousands of people

to do a simple exercise of stating how they intend to influence others every day.

2. I am always both amazed and inspired by the answers people give.27

구문독해

3. A receptionist in a law firm, for example, told me that her intention was that every

person who met her all day long got a “shot of friendliness” so that people felt the world

was a friendlier place because they encountered her.

inspiring

4. The list of intentions is [inspiring / inspired].

구문독해

5. Some say they want to bring kindness, others goodness, compassion, energy,

courage, or hope.

6. Your position does not limit the way you can influence others. This woman was “only”

a receptionist, but she could influence others in a profound way by holding that intention.

Stepping Up: How Taking Responsibility Changes Everything

27 inspire / expire / respire / perspire / aspire / conspire




★★★

0403

negative

Breathing for inspiration

문두의 의문문

1. Has your creativity ground to a halt?

2. Instead of letting frustration get the better of you, try to sit back and take a few deep

breaths.

문법적 판단력

3. Did you know that drawing a deep breath gives your creativity a boost by increasing

the negative ions in oxygen?

구문독해

4. The negatively charged oxygen circulates throughout the brain, refreshing the

neurons and, because these negative ions promote alpha waves of longer amplitude in

the brain, which are associated with creative thinking, suddenly your creativity receives

a recharge. *amplitude 진폭

문맥추론, taking, at least

5. So, next time your creative spirit feels deflated, spend two minutes [to take / taking]

deep breaths, inhaling and exhaling every five seconds, and repeat the cycle [at most /

at least / at best] 12 times. *deflated = burdened

Brain Training




기출 Best of Best

For many people 'nature' is defined as a negative: It exists where people do not. Nature

lies outside the urban and agricultural realms, in regions of Earth where natural

processes are unhindered. Nature is where fallen logs rot and acorns grow, wildfires

turn woodlands into meadows and barrier islands shift with the currents-all without

human interference. By extension, this definition suggests that nature is best protected

by keeping humans far away, so that it can continue to run itself. But there is a serious

problem with this view. If nature is defined as a landscape uninfluenced by humankind,

then ____________________. Prehistoric peoples changed their surrounding

ecosystems, whether by installing orchards in the Amazon or by hunting many large

mamals to extinction in North America. And modern humans are changing the global

environment even more profoundly, whether through planet-wide climate change, or by

the worldwide movement of synthetic chemicals through the food chain.

① humans cannot exist without nature

② there is no nature on the planet at all

③ it deserves to be preserved at all costs

④ modern people owe much to their ancestors

⑤ humans are at the mercy of the forces of




★★

0404 Patience Is a Virtue

1. If patience is not already part of your nature, you’ll have to nurture it quickly or you’ll

never survive the profession.28 *nurture = develop

2. Your students will try your patience in ways you never considered.

3. There will be times during your first year when you will want to scream at your

students, swear out loud, or slap a piece of duct tape over a student's mouth.

EBS

3-1. There will be times during your first year when you will want to scream at your

students or show your anger and frustration in other physical ways.

4. Obviously, you’ll have to curb these impulses. You’ll also need to develop a system

for dealing with your frustrations.

5. One method of reducing stress is to deal with students one at a time.

6. Another is to stop whenever you feel overwhelmed, take a deep breath, and give

yourself a minute to figure out how to best handle the situation. Decide what works best

for you, and don't hesitate to use it!

7. Your patience is critical for your effectiveness ns n teacher.

간접연계 비연계

8. When I realized I was getting cross with students too often, I stepped back to analyze

the situation. I discovered that my impatience was nearly proportionol to my stress. If

we were having financial pressures at home, or I had a deadline or pressure from

administrators or took on too many other obligations, I become veiy short-tempered with

students. I had to learn to 'drop my troubles at the door’ when I entered the classoom.

No amount of worrying during class was going to solve my outside difficulties, so I forced

myself to stay focused on the task at hand—both at home and in class—and it has

improved the way I interact with everyone!.

Your First Year As a High School Teacher

28 job, occupation, calling, vocation, profession, career, trade, a walk of life




★★★★

0405

Six Ways the Internet May Save Civilization

0. The Internet has changed the way I think about the threat of societal collapse. When

we learn of the empires that have tumbled before us, it is plausible to think that our

civilization will follow the same path and eventually fall to a traditional malady—anything

from epidemics to resource depletion. But the rapid advance of the Internet has

thoroughly (and happily) changed my opinion about our customary existential threats.

Here are six ways that the possession of a rapid and vast communication network will

make us much luckier than our predecessors

Democratization of Education

구문독해 ★★

1. Most of the world does not have access to the education afforded to a small minority.

2. For every Albert Einstein, Yo-Yo Ma, or Barack Obama who has the opportunity for

education, there are uncountable others who never get the chance.

문맥추론

3. This vast squandering of talent translates directly into reduced economic output.

4. In a world where economic meltdown is often tied to collapse, societies are well

advised to leverage all the human capital they have. *leverage = exploit

5. The Internet opens the gates of education to anyone who can get her hands on a

computer. This is not always a trivial task, but the mere feasibility redefines the playing

field.

6. A motivated teen anywhere on the planet can walk through the world’s knowledge,

from Wikipedia to the curricula of MIT’s OpenCourseWare.

Six ways the internet may save civilization - Edge.org




★★★

0406

0. The scenes of sporting battle in Egyptian art (we have only the scantiest written

records) are more likely to give us the shiver of esthetic pleasure rather than the sports

spectator’s shivers of suspense or fright. Indeed, the lightly clad, graceful wrestlers,

boxers, and stick fighters closely resemble the surviving pictures of nubile gymnasts,

acrobats, and dancers who were also on hand to provide entertainment for cultivated

spectators. The varieties of pretty recreations seen in Egyptian art is almost endless.

Men carry happy children on their backs as they walk on their hands and knees. Boys

play tag and tug-of-wan They practice long- and high- jumping. Others chase hoops,

carry chums on their shoulders, or perform balancing acts. Some hoist bags of sand in

what may be weight lifting contests. A limestone relief of the Old Kingdom shows some

youths in what is clearly the yoga “lotus” position. Another relief shows a youth standing

on his head with his arms folded behind his back.

1. Since for the Egyptians the Nile was central for existence it is natural to expect a

variety of recreations in and on the water.

2. The management of the great river’s gifts was the basis of Egypt’s security and its

pleasures.

3. Swimming was therefore not only a pleasure for the playful, but also a necessity [in

spite of / in case of / on account of] an accident on the water.

4. We have frescoes of slender girls swimming below the surface to catch water birds

unawares. *fresco = wall painting *unawares = by surprise

5. Several museums have statuettes of silver or of wood in the form of girl swimmers

who hold in their outstretched arms a container for ointments or salves.

6. Some documents suggest that swimming instruction [be / was] obligatory for royal

princes.

7. That swimming was regularly taught is also suggested by many depictions of the

crawl stroke—a form of swimming that is not natural to man and which was re-invented

for competition less than a century ago.

Sport: A Cultural History




★★★★

0407

Plagiarism

0. Copyright is a double-edged sword.

1. On the one hand, copyright is the primary vehicle for protecting a writer’s literary

creations.

문맥추론

2. Unless writers have the legal ability to prevent others from copying their work, it would

be very difficult to preclude others from using the fruits of the writers labor without

compensation.

3. Fortunately, there are strong copyright laws that enable writers to prevent others from

wrongfully appropriating their work.29

4. On the other hand, overly restrictive copyright laws may chill the writer’s creative

endeavors.

5. Writers frequently use the works of others as the basis for research and literary

development, sometimes to the extent of quoting portions of other works verbatim.30

6. From this perspective, unless the copyright law provides some flexibility, many writers

could be inhibited for fear they may infringe on another work and be exposed to liability.

The Law (in Plain English) for Writers

29 appropriate = to take without permission or consent; seize; expropriate 30 verbatim = in exactly the same words; word for word




★★★

0408


0. Perhaps even more compelling than women's increased earning power is their

spending power in their households and workplaces. While women's combined earnings

are estimated around $1 trillion annually, her spending power overall is estimated at

over $2 trillion each year.

1. No one could deny, once they've given it any thought at all, that women are

responsible for the bulk of consumer purchases.

논리독해

2. The proof is in the numbers: Women account for roughly 80 percent of all consumer

buying.

3. The Center for Women's Business Research indicates that businesswomen (working

women and female entrepreneurs) are the primary decision makers in households,

making 95 percent of the purchasing decisions.

4. To be more specific and drive home that point: Women are responsible for 70 percent

of all travel decisions, 57 percent of all consumer electronics purchases, and they buy

50 percent of all new vehicles (influencing 80 percent of overall automobile sales).31

5. Finally, women write an estimated eight out of ten personal checks in the United

States, making their financial power even more formidable.

6. Women in most households today not only control the spending of their own

paychecks, but a good deal of their husband's as well.

Don't Think Pink

31 drive home = make clearly understood, make a point




★★★

0601

Four-minute mile

0. In the sport of athletics, the four-minute mile is the act of completing the mile run

(1,760 yards, or 1,609.344 metres) in less than four minutes. It was first achieved in

1954 by Roger Bannister in 3:59.4.[1] The "four-minute barrier" has since been broken

by many male athletes, and is now the standard of all male professional middle distance

runners. In the last 50 years the mile record has been lowered by almost 17 seconds.[2]

Running a mile in four minutes translates to a speed of 15 miles per hour (24.14 km/h,

or 2:29.13 per kilometer, or 14.91 seconds per 100 meters).

문맥추론

1. The agony of waiting on the day of a race is almost unbearable. It is so intense that I

used to say to myself, ‘Why do I put myself through this? I don’t want ever to do it again.’

2. Yet in the subsequent high spirits of winning, the agony of the period of waiting

beforehand is forgotten.

3. For some athletes this tension was too great. Lennart Strand, part of the Swedish

mile record-breaking team, eventually found the strain of races more than he could bear.

4. After helping Arne Andersson and Gunder Hagg to their records he was forced to

retire and became a concert pianist, which he found much less stressful!

Roger Bannister, Twin Tracks: The Autobiography (2014)




★★★

0602

간접연계

0. Managing risk is a very important financial consideration for sports and entertainment

businesses. Risk management involves preventing, reducing, or lessening the negative

impacts of risk by using the strategies of risk avoidance, risk insurance, risk transfer,

and/or risk retention. Marketers must develop risk management strategies to ensure all

possible risks are addressed. Careful planning is required to prevent financial loss and

personal injuries.

Risk Transfer

1. Some risks can be transferred to another company or even to the consumer.

명사의 확장

2. A park wanting to host a fireworks display may contract with another company to be

responsible for the show.

3. In this way, the park is transferring liability to the fireworks company.


4. One method of transferring the risk to the fans is the inclusion of a statement on the

back of the event ticket [said / saying] that the promoter is not responsible for any harm

to the ticket holder.

5. By accepting the ticket, the attendee agrees to accept liability for possible risks.

6. However, [none / neither] of these examples of transferring risk relieves the facility or

event management from providing a reasonably safe environment.

Sports and Entertainment Marketing




★★★★★

0603

Personal Space

개념정의

1. People are social beings. We appreciate the company of our own kind.


2. How physically close we tolerate or enjoy the [presence / presentation] of others, for

how long, and under what conditions vary noticeably from culture to culture.

영어원문

2-0. The Kaingang Indians of the Amazon basin like to sleep in groups, locked limb to

limb. They like to touch and fondle each other; they seek physical (nonsexual) intimacy

for comfort and reassurance.

문법적 판단력 ★★★

3. In another sparsely settled part of the world, the Kalahari desert, the !Kung Bushmen

live under [crowded / crowding] conditions.

★★★

4, Patricia Draper noted that in a Bushman camp the average space each person has

is only 188 square feet, which is far less than the 350 square feet per person [regaring

/ regarded] as the desirable standard by the American Public Health Association.

5, Space in a Bushman camp is arranged to ensure maximum contact.

6. “Typically huts are so close that people sitting at different hearths can hand items

back and forth without getting up. Often people sitting around various fires will carry on

long discussions without raising their voices above normal conversational levels.”

7. The desert does not lack space. Bushmen live close by choice, and they do not show

symptoms of biological stress.

Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience




간접연계 출제예상 ★★★★

In Western industrial society, working-class families are known to tolerate a much higher

residential density than do middle-class families. And the reason is not simply because

workers have little choice. Proximity to others is desired. Suburban retreats, each sitting

on its own half-acre of lawn, are not necessarily the envy of working-class families

accustomed to the bustle and color of an older neighborhood. Such families view the

middle-class suburb with suspicion; it seems cold and exposed. Human proximity,

human contact, and an almost constant background of human noises are tolerated,

even welcomed. In a new housing project in Chile, for example, the working-class

residents shifted furniture from their living rooms into the hall so that they could be

together, as was their custom. In England, it is true, a study of families who moved from

old crowded dwellings to a new relatively spacious housing estate showed that the

families benefited from the change; they were less tense because privacy was more

readily available. On the other hand, at least for a time bed rooms were shared

unnecessarily, and by choice homework and other tasks were done in company.




★★★★

0604 상식에 반하는 소재

0. Anger is a normal emotion. Anger is neither good nor bad, and no judgment need be

attached to it. Some people believe that a problem arises if a person becomes angry.

This idea is not true. To pass judgment on anger and condemn those who admit to

becoming angry is the equivalent of robbing people of their humanness. Disallowing

oneself from any part of the human experience weakens the experience in its totality.

Sadness gives a reference point that makes happiness more appreciated. Tension can

be better understood when compared with relaxation. It is about time we stopped

making value judgments about anger.

1. Studies have shown that as anger increases, cognitive processing speed goes down,

fine motor coordination and sensitivity to pain decrease, and muscle strength often

increases.

2. So for some athletes doing some tasks, anger can be helpful.

3. For example, the defensive lineman who must make his way past a blocker to make

a tackle might benefit from having some level of anger.

which

4. For other tasks, anger would be a hindrance. The quarterback who needs to read the

defense before deciding [which / whose] receiver to throw to would likely perform better

if he was not angry.

5. In fact, some research supports this thesis. Players at football positions that require

a lot of decision making tend to demonstrate lower levels of anger than players at

positions that do not.

영어원문, 간접연계, 빈칸추론 ★★

6. Therefore, when we talk about anger management for peak performance in sport, we

are not always talking about making athletes polite and calm. Rather, we are referring

to their ability to self-regulate their emotions to what their tasks require.

Anger Management in Sport




★★★

0605

1. Why do so many people dislike public speaking?

2. Perhaps the biggest fear is exposure.

구문독해, 문법적 판단력 ★★

3. Standing up in front of a large group of people, with a hundred or more pairs of

eyeballs all staring in our direction can be very [intimidating / intimidated].

4. There is also the risk of losing face or making complete idiots of ourselves in a public

forum.32

★★★

5. Sir George Jessel, a renowned public speaker, once said, ‘The human brain starts

working the moment you are born and never stops until you stand up to speak in public’,

and the Irish comedian, Pat O’Malley, observed that ‘Speeches are like babies – easy

to conceive, but difficult to deliver.’

EBS 해석오류 ★★★

6. But, it’s also important to emphasize that few people experience no anxiety or nerves

when performing in public and this includes the greatest actors and political leaders of

the 20th century.

문법적 판단력

7. For example, can you guess who said this?

“I have often been described as a great public speaker. The truth is rather different. For

many years I was extremely apprehensive about oratory and it was only with a great

deal of practice, and the help of some of the best speech writers in the country, that I

gained this reputation.”

8. The writer was Winston Churchill who had to overcome a childhood stammer, and

became regarded as one of the greatest orators of the 20th century.

EBS

7-1. Winston Churchill, for example, had to overcome his fear of public speaking to

become one of the greatest speakers of the 20th century.

Maximum Performance

32 make a fool of =make fun of




★★

0606

What to do when faced with anger 간접연계

0. If you are faced with anger or hostility from a staff member, it is important to remember

that the anger is not usually directed at you: the anger is often about a process or

decision. The other person may be pointing this anger at you, but it has more to do with

how the process or decision has affected them. In this situation you need to show

respect to the person while still being assertive about the issue. It is imperative you

remain rational so you can direct the conversation well.

The first thing to do is to stay calm. It sounds obvious, but if we can stay calm and steer

clear of the increased temperature gradient without losing the plot ourselves, then we’re

in a better place to access our rational thought process. As soon as our own

temperature increases we will start to lose it, then they have lost it and we have both

lost it, and a completely irrational conversation is going on, one that both of us may

regret.

The second point is to keep the tone and the volume of your voice underneath the other

person’s. Nightclub bouncers who arc good at their job understand and use this principle

really well. Two things determine whether it is going to be a busy night for a bouncer:

the foil moon and how loud the guys on the door are. We can’t do much about the moon,

but we can do a lot about how loud our voice is.

Keep it down: the role of tone of voice

구문독해 ★★

1. Taking steps to keep others connected with the rational part of their brain, even in

heightened situations, helps minimise the impact of behaviours [acting / acted] out in

anger.

2. A key step is to re-enter the conversation underneath the tone of the other person.

3. If you imagine having a conversation with someone in which one of you is whispering

and the other person is shouting, the shouter is having by far the more uncomfortable

experience.

4. Individuals do not usually sustain shouting for very long if the ocher party does not

reciprocate the intensity or loudness of voice.

5. So keep your volume down and your voice even and others will start to reciprocate.

Dealing with the Tough Stuff




★★★

0607

Pressures to improve productivity.

1. In many industries within the service economy, competition stays very intense.33

구문독해

2. This factor, when combined with the pressure from investors for higher returns on

capital, has resulted in pressure to increase productivity and reduce costs.

3. In many cases, managers seek to reduce labor costs by running leaner operations or

using technology to replace humans for some tasks.

4. An example of this was when Delta Airlines encouraged passengers to check in via

the Internet, thereby reducing the number of passengers who wanted to check in at the

airport.

EBS

4-1. An example of this was when several domestic airlines encouraged passengers to

check in via the Internet, thereby reducing the number of passengers who wanted to

check in at the airport.

5. They offered an incentive of 1,000 extra frequent-flyer miles to any passenger who

used this service.

6. Later, they added fees for customers that accessed their services in person, but

offered the services for no cost if customers used the Internet or non-face-to-face

engagement.

영어원문

7. While increasing productivity and profits remains a highly desirable goal, it must not

be done at the expense of longterm customer satisfaction. Without long-term

satisfaction, future profitability may exist in jeopardy.

Hospitality Marketing Management

33 keep, remain, stay, stand




★★★

0608

1. In discussing arabica coffee, it should be kept in mind that nearly all the coffee in the

New World is descended from just a few beans and two varieties —‘Typica’ and

‘Bourbon.’

1-1. In discussing coffee varieties, it should be kept in mind that nearly all the coffee in

the New World is descended from just a few beans and two varieties — ‘Typica' and

'Bourbon.’

2. This extremely narrow genetic base has been hybridized within itself and with a very

few other varieties. *hybridized = crossed

3. Almost no additions have come from the hundreds, perhaps thousands, of varieties

existing in coffee’s original home, Ethiopia.

4. Since New World coffee has been more or less the same for the past 200 years, the

only factors affecting quality have been cultural and climatic—not much else was

possible.

5. In turn, this led to very subtle differences in taste and to the appearance of very fine-

tuned cuppers.

EBS

5-1. In turn, this led to very subtle differences in taste and to the appearance of very

fine-tuned cups of coffee. Few can tell the difference between a Jamaican Blue and a

Kona coffee.

6. By analogy, any idiot can taste (or see) the difference between a red and white wine;

few can tell the difference between a Jamaican Blue and a Kona coffee.

Coffee: A Comprehensive Guide to the Bean



(ebs rhetoric & style)d1anutt72n1dwl.cloudfront.net/course/1427773547.52_2015_ebs_st… · ebs...

Documents