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Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
f al ah . Al l ri gh ts r es er ve d. M ay n ot b e re pr od uc ed i n an y fo rm w it ho ut p er mi ss io n fr om t he p ub li sh er , ex ce pt f ai r us es p er mi tt ed u nd er U .S . or a pp li ca bl e co py ri gh t la w.
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I

Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
II

818 .
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
III
All rights are reserved.
No part of this book may be translated, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording without the prior written permission of the publisher.
2001 Edition
818 .
1893/9/2001
425,
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
IV
(206) P.
Deposit no.: 1893/9/2001
Descriptors: English Language
. •
1807/9/2001
ISBN 9957 – 401 – 44 – 0 )(
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- 7 - ................................................................................................................ 36
AUXILIARIES .................................................................................................. 36
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66 ................................................................................................ :
Past Perfect Continuous: .............................................. 68
Present Simple: .................................................................... 68
Present Continuous: ........................................................... 70
Present Perfect: ....................................................................... 71
Present Perfect Continuous: ......................................... 73
Future Simple: ...................................................................... 73
Future Continuous: ............................................................ 73
74 ....................................................................................................... :
- 9 - ................................................................................................................ 76
79 ....................................................................................... :
87 ................................................................................ :
88 ............................................................................................. :
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Indefinite Article:( ......................................... 92 ( an a
an: .......................................................................... 93 a
- 11 - .............................................................................................................. 96
ADVERBS ....................................................................................................... 96
96 ...........................................................................................................
103 ................................................................................... :
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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be: ............................................................................ 145
do: ............................................................................ 146
Sentence Patterns: ................................................................. 147
Types of Predicate: .................................................................. 150
Sentences Types: .................................................................... 151
152 ....................................................................................................... :
- 16 - ............................................................................................................ 154
INERROGATIVE ............................................................................................ 154
SENTENCES ................................................................................................. 154
Inversion: ......................................................................................... 160
- 17 - ............................................................................................................ 163
THE .............................................................................................................. 163
QUESTION ................................................................................................... 163
TAG ............................................................................................................. 163
- 18 - ............................................................................................................ 168
NEGATIVE .................................................................................................... 168
SENTENCES ................................................................................................. 168
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169 ................................................................................................:
- 19 - ............................................................................................................ 174
CONDITIONAL ............................................................................................. 174
SENTENCES ................................................................................................. 174
Impossible Condition: ....................................................... 177
178 ................................................................................. :
186 ..................................................... :
188 ...................................:
189 ................................................................................................:
197 ....................................................................................................... :
- 22 - ............................................................................................................ 198
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that: .............................................................................................. 212
- 24 - ............................................................................................................ 216
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240 ....................................................................................................... :
- 29 - ............................................................................................................ 241
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1
INTRODUCTION

. .
. :
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
. .4 ) ( .5
. ) ( .
.
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- 1 -

: 1- Nouns
.boy, chair, room, rose, cat
2- Pronoun .I, we, you, it
3- Verb
go, write, sleep, eat 4. Adjective
black, green, large, beautiful 5. Adverb
quickly, carefully 6. Preposition
on, at, in, to 7. Conjunction
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and, or, but
8. Interjection !Oh! Bravo
:

.
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- 2 -
NOUNS

: 1. Proper Noun
Salma, London, Amman, France
. 2. Common Noun
table, dog, girl, tree 3. Material Noun
water, oil, wood, sugar
: the a Water is necessary. 4. Collective Noun
Army, herd, crowd
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Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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dictation, sickness, redness
:
.
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- 3 -
GENDER

:
1. Masculine
man, boy, father, brother, cock 2. Feminine
woman, girl, mother, sister, hen 3. Common
friend, pupil, child, baby, teacher 4. Neuter
door, room, pencil, book
: -1
. he she
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-2 teacher, swimmer, thinker
-: :
: . 1 Masculine Feminine
man woman
boy girl
son daughter
bull cow
dog bitch
Masculine Feminine
lion lioness
host hostess
master mistress
Masculine Feminine
grandfather grandmother
landlord landlady
he-teacher she-teacher
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:
.
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- 4 -
NUMBER

: Singular . 1 Plural . 2
: :
:-s . 1 Singular Plural
pen pens
chair chairs
window windows
: s, z, ch, sh, x -es . 2 Singular Plural
glass glasses
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church churches
brush brushes
box boxes
)o( -es . 3 :
potato (es), hero (es),negro (es). : )o( -s . 4
cuckoo cuckoos y – es i y . 5
: lady ladies
fly flies
country countries
)y( – s . 6 )i, e, u, o, a (:
boy boys
ray rays
key keys
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: fe f ) ves( ) f( . 7 wife wives
knife knives
leaf leaves
: oof, ief, rf, ff -s . 8 roof roofs
hoof hoofs
cliff cliffs
chief chiefs
: .9 mother - in - law mothers - in - law
maidservant maidservants
-ful . 10 :
spoonful spoonfuls
handful handfuls
mouthful mouthfuls
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ox oxen
) ( . 13 :
datum data
basis bases
medium media
: . . 14 deer deer
sheep sheep
swine swine
: . 15 fish fish
fish fishes
: . 16
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brother brethren ) (
cloth cloths )(
cloth clothes )(
staff staffs )(
staff staves ) (
-man . 17 : men man
workman workmen
Dutchman Dutchmen
) ss( . 18 )se ( :
a Chinese three Chinese
a Swiss three Swiss
: -ics -1
: . Physics is a science.
economics, politics, mathematics :
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news -2 The news is good.
:
. . singular nouns
plural .
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- 5 -
PROUNOUNS

:
: : Personal Pronoun . 1
I, we, he, she, you
: Impersonal Pronoun . 2 .it ) (
:
: Possessive Pronoun . 1 mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs:
The book is mine That pen is yours
: Reflexive Pronoun . 2 : .
myself, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves.
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He saw himself in the mirror. ) (
: Emphatic Pronoun . 3
. Hi himself said it. ) (
:Demonstrative Pronoun . 4 :
this, that, these, those This is his bag.
:Interrogative Pronoun . 5 : -wh
what, who, whom, which What is your name?
:Relative Pronoun . 6 :
who, whom, that, which. This is the man whom I told you about.
:Indefinite Pronoun . 7 :
someone, something, anyone. I saw someone passing there.
:
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. First-Person Pronoun . 1 .I, we
.Second-Person Pronoun . 2
.you
. Third-Person Pronoun . 3 .he, she, they:
: . he, him Masculine Pronoun . 1
. . she, her Feminine Pronoun . 2
. . Common Pronoun . 3
.I, we, you, they, us . Neutral Pronoun . 4
.it
: . Nominative Pronoun . 1
.he, she, they . Accusative Pronoun . 2
.him, her, them:
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: : Singular Pronoun . 1
I, he, she, it. ,we . Plural Pronoun . 2
they, them, us. . Singular – Plural Pronoun . 3
.you

Nominative Pronouns

Accusative Pronouns

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she
it
they
her
it
them
hers
:
. 1 .I wrote some letters :
you . you . 2 .
. they . 3 . 4
it . you .
It is true. I saw it.
( yours . 5 ). ( )
. 6 :
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*This tail is its. :
This is its tail. its
possessive adjective. . . 7
. I myself cut myself.
. 8 :
He sent me a letter. He sent a letter to me.
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: .
. Pronouns .
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- 6 -
VERBS

: :
. Intransitive Verb . 1 walk, sleep.
carefully. walksHe .Transitive Verb with One Object . 2
.drink, speak He speaks English He drank water.
. Transitive Verb with two Objects . 3 .tell, give
He told me a story. He gave her a book.
. . 4 .ring, move, stop
The bell rang.
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He rang the bell. The earth moves round the sun. He moved the chair.
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She stopped there. She stopped a car.
: . Principal Verb . 1
: write, speak, go, come. He writes English well. He speaks French. He goes to school daily.
. Auxiliary Verb . 2 :
can, could, may, might, will, shall, would, should, must, have to, had to, has to, ought to, had better, would rather, do, did, is, was, am, are, be.
: He can speak English. He has to go to school. He is playing football.
. . 3 :.
I have a watch. ) ( I have finished. ) ( I am writing. ) ( I am here. ) (
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:Verb Forms : . Present Form . 1
Form One . go, come, speak, write. . Past Form . 2
Form Two . went, came, spoke,
wrote. ,gone : Past Participle Form Three . 3
spoken, written. : Present Participle Form Four . 4
going, coming, speaking, writing. . -ing
:
: (1)
open
leave
know
(2)
opened
left
knew
(3)
opened
left
known
(4)
opening
leaving
knowing
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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swim
cut
swam
cut
swum
cut
swimming
cutting
: : Form One
:Present Simple -1 He swims every day. They know the subject.
:Infinitive to -2 He wants to swim. He likes to read.
: have, be -3 He can swim. He must read silently.
: Form Two
:Past Simple He swam yesterday. She wrote a letter last week.
.
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: : Form Three
:Perfect Tenses have -1
I have written it.
He has written it. He had written it.
:Passive Voice be -2 It is written. It was written. They were written. They are written.
: -3 look at the broken window. ) (
. The opened door = The filled glass = The written letter = The drunk water =
: : Form Four
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Continuous Tenses be -1 He is playing now. He was playing. They are playing. They were playing.
-2
:
The running water = The smiling boy = The sleeping man =
. -3
:Gerund Verbal Noun Running is useful. ) ( Sleeping is necessary. ) (
: .
: . Regular Verbs . 1
: -t -d -ed (1) (2) (3)
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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learn
play
love
move
deal
learned
played
loved
moved
dealt
learned
played
love
moved
dealt
. -t -ed
. . Irregular Verbs . 2
) Past Form( (Past Participle)
:.
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
32
: : Irregular Verbs
: (t) e ee -1 (1)
sleep
keep
kneel
feel
weep
(2)
slept
kept
knelt
felt
wept
(3)
slept
kept
knelt
felt
wept
bring
catch
teach
buy
(2)
brought
caught
taught
bought
(3)
brought
caught
taught
bought
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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spend
lend
spent
lent
spent
lent
cut
cost
let
put
hit
shut
(2)
cut
cost
let
put
hit
shut
(3)
cut
cost
let
put
hit
shut
: -5
(1)
lead
shoot
meet
feed
(2)
led
shot
met
fed
(3)
led
shot
met
fed
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
34
: -1 (1)
cut
put
(2)
cut
put
(3)
cut
put
.
: -2 (1)
sleep
keep
(2)
slept
kept
(3)
slept
kept
(1)
come
run
(2)
came
ran
(3)
come
run
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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write
speak
swim
ring
forget
wrote
spoke
swam
rang
forgot
written
spoken
swum
rung
forgotten
: .
F1 . . ) ( . F4 F2
.
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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- 7 -
AUXILIARIES

. :. .
He can do it.
:do : . do, does, did
: (negation) -1
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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Does he like tea?
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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She does know.
. do *
:have : . have, has, had
:Present Perfect -1 He has arrived.
:Past Perfect -2 He had arrived before they left.
:Future Perfect -3 She will have written it before sunset.
(have) * (Form Three) . .he, she, it has *
:be ) ( was, were ) ( am, is, are
being, been, be . : ):present continuous( -1
He is reading.
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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I am reading. They are reading.
) :past continuous( -2 He was reading. They were reading.
.(future continuous) -3 He will be reading.
):passive voice( -4 The apple was eaten. The apple has been eaten. The apple is being eaten.
: . be -1
. be -2
.(Form Three) be
:must :had to .
1. You must study now. )(
2. You must study tomorrow. )(
3. You had to study yesterday. )(
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
41
...). ( must * .to
). ( : had to * : must
.You must do the homework ) ( . 1
.You had to do the homework )( . 2
.You must not do it ) ( . 3
.He must be clever )( . 4
.He must have been sick )( . 5
:may :. may
?May I open the window )( .1
.You may take this book . 2
.He may come tomorrow . 3
:might :.
.He might be at home ) ( . 1
.He might have been sick )( . 2
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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.You should pass the test )( . 2
.You should have passed the test )( . 3
.You should have seen a doctor )( . 4
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
43
I ought to study tonight. :had better
): ( You had better drive carefully, or an accident may happen.
:be to
. I am to be there at night. He was to be there at night. They are to be there. They were to be there. He is to be there.
:have to :
.I have to go to school ) ( . 1
.I had to go )( . 2
) ( . 3
I don’t have to go.
.I didn’t have to go )( . 4
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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.I will do it ) ( . 2
?Will you help me ) ( . 3
:be going to
: 1. is going to 2. am going to 3. are going to 4. was going to 5. were going to
: .He is going to come at six )( . 1
.I am going to visit you )( . 2
I was going to visit you, but there )( . 3 was no time.
:can :
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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.You can use my pen ) ( . 2
) ( . 3
Can I ask you a question?
) ) ( ( . 4
This cannot be true.
:could :
.He could run when he was young )( . 1
?Could I open the door ) ( . 2
.You could ask him ) ( . 3
)( . 4
.He could be at home ) ( . 5
.He could have been there )( . 6
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-
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:would rather
:used to ). (
.He used to smoke last year ) (
:shall
Shall I close the door?
?Shall we go ) ( . 2
.I, we( We shall arrive tomorrow ( . 3
Co py ri gh t © 2 00 1. a l-

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