ece 3561 - lecture 1 1 introduction to microcontrolllers department of electrical and computer...
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ECE 3561 - Lecture 1 1
Introduction to Microcontrolllers
Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe Ohio State University
ECE 2560
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Today
The CourseSyllabusIntro
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Course Philosophy and Objective
Familiarize students the architecture, programming and use of a microcontroller.
Learn to use an actual microcontrollerLearn modern design technologies Learn what assembler language is
Embedded Systems
Chapter 1 of textMicrocontrollers are an efficient mean by
which an embedded system can be implemented.
Microcontroller include (on board)ProcessorMemoryClock I/O support and usually A-to-D conversion
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An Embedded System?
What is an embedded system? Not a personal computer!!! A cooking timer The burner and oven controller in your stove The ABS controller in you car The landing gear control system on a plane
Features of an embedded system Very focused function Usually part of a larger system
Most systems today rely on digital control
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Examples
There are about 100 embedded processors in each PC, not just the main processor.
A car today has about 100 embedded processors. (ABS, sound system, engine control, emissions control, …)
Electric tootbrushWashers and Dryers
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Examples
Washer/Dryer
Others???
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A system to design
A possible implementation
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Salter kitchen scale
An implementation
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Tradeoff for systems
Could implement the system with discrete gates, an FPGA, microcontroller
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Microcontrollers
History 101 Early device – Intel 4004 – 4 bit microprocessor
– no onboard memory, timers, I/O supportOver time
On board memory, timers, A-to-D, etc microcontroller
Microcontroller has little if any OS support. Many have development systems.
Microcontroller “OS” is typically a RTOS.
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Microcontroller
The Core
CPU (ALU, registers)Memory – program and data I/O ports Internal address and data bussesClock
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Added to core
Watchdog timerCommunication interfacesNonvolatile memory for dataA-to-D converterD-to-A converterReal-time clockMonitor, background debugger,
embedded emulator
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Memory
Contains the binary information and typically addressed as bytes (words)
The information stored there can be data or instructions
In many microcontrollers instruction memory is stored in one-time or flash programmable memory.
Addresses and contents typically expressed in hexadecimal
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Volatile and nonvolatile memory
Volatile – content is lost when power is removed – goes to 0’s
Nonvolatile – content is retainedMasked ROM – manufacturedPROM – Programmable Read Only Memory
One time (OTP)Programmable (UV erasable) EPROMFlash – EEPROM – uses a higher voltage to
write contents
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von Neumann Architecture
Traditional architecture
Diagram validforHarvard Archtoo
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Harvard arch
Note diagrams
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The MSP430
Introduced in the late 1990s16-bit von Neumann architecture – both
address and dataLow powerRISC type architectureNo pages or banks in memory making it
simple to use.Can be programmed in CHas 16 registers in CPU
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Assignment
Read Chapter 1 and 2Assignments will be due 2 classes after
assigned to the drop box on Carmen. No paper submissions – all are electronic.
Go to ti.com and get code composer for the MSP430 – when downloaded and installed, run the 10 minutes tutorial.
Also, buy the TI launchpad – $9.99
Code composer startup
The startup Screen on Windows
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