eceg287 optical detection course notes part 2: radiometry
DESCRIPTION
ECEG287 Optical Detection Course Notes Part 2: Radiometry. Profs. Charles A. DiMarzio and Stephen W. McKnight Northeastern University, Spring 2004. Topic Outline. Radiometric Quantities and Units Radiance Theorem Black-Body Spectrum Some Radiance/Irradiance Values A Little about Color. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-1
ECEG287 Optical Detection Course Notes
Part 2: Radiometry
Profs. Charles A. DiMarzio
and
Stephen W. McKnight
Northeastern University, Spring 2004
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-2
Topic Outline
• Radiometric Quantities and Units
• Radiance Theorem
• Black-Body Spectrum
• Some Radiance/Irradiance Values
• A Little about Color
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-3
Radiometric Quantities
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-4
Radiometry and Photometry, Flux M, Flux/Proj. Area
I, Flux/ L,Flux/AE, Flux/Area Rcd.
Radiant FluxWattsLuminous FluxLumens
Radiant ExitanceWatts/m2
Luminous FluxLumens/m2=Lux
A /
RadianceWatts/m2/srLuminanceLumens/m2/sr1 Lambert=(1L/cm2/sr)/
1 ftLambert= (1L/ft2/sr)/1mLambert= (1L/m2/sr)/
Radiant IntensityWatts/srLuminous IntensityLumens/sr
1 Candela=1cd=1L/sr
/
IrradianceWatts/m2
IlluminanceLumens/m2=Lux
1 Ft Candle=1L/ft2
Notes: Spectral x=dx/d or dx/d: Add subscript or , divide units by Hz or m.
1 W is 683 L at 555 nm.
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-5
The Radiance Theorem
1
2
n1n2
dA
d1
d2
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-6
Radiance in Images
dA’
d1
d2
dA1
dA2
z
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-7
Resonant Cavity Modes
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-8
Resonant Frequencies in Cavity
nx
nz
ny
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-9
Counting the Modes
nx
nz
ny
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-10
Energy per Mode (1)
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-11
Energy per Mode (3)
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-12
Total Spectral Energy
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-13
Black Body Radiance (1)
A
A’
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-14
Black Body Radiance (2)
A
A’
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-15
Spectral Radiant Exitance (1)
x
y
z
d
d
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-16
Spectral Radiant Exitance (2)
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-17
Black-Body Equation (1)
10-1
100
101
102
10-10
10-5
100
105
1010
, Wavelength, m
M,
Sp
ectr
al
Ra
dia
nt
Exi
tan
ce,
W/m
2/
m
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-18
Black Body Equations (2)
10-1
100
101
10210
-10
10-5
100
105
1010
, Wavelength, m
M,
Spe
ctra
l Rad
ian
t Exi
tan
ce, W
/m2 /
m
T=300k
500
1000
2000
5000
10000
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-19
Solar Irradiance on Earth
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 20000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000Data from The Science of Color, Crowell, 1953
, Wavelength, nm
E
, S
pe
ctra
l Irr
ad
ian
ce,
W/m
2/
m
Exoatmospheric filename=m1695.mSea Level
5000 K Black Body Normalized to 1000 W/m2
6000 K Black Body Normalized to 1560 W/m2
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-20
Typical Outdoor Radiance Levels
VisibleNear IR
Mid IRFar IR
Atmospheric Passbands
Ultraviolet6000K Sun6.9 G Lux
SunlitCloud6.9 k Lux
BlueSky 300K
night sky
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-21
Thermal Imaging
M
/Del
ta T
10-1
100
101
1020
0.5
1
T = 300 K
10-1
100
101
1020
2
4
6
, Wavelength, m
M
/D
elta
TT = 500 K
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-22
Luminance and Radiance
400 500 600 700 8000
1
1.8
Wavelength, nm
Ph
oto
pic
Se
nsi
tivity
yThis curve shows the relative sensitivity of the eye. To convert to photometric units from radiometric, multiply by 683 Lumens Per Watt
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-23
Some Typical Luminance And Radiance Levels
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-24
Emissivity
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-25
Color: Tristimulus Values
Wavelength, nm
Tris
timu
lus
Va
lue
• Describe Eye’s Response to Color
• Based on Color Matching Experiments
• Small Number of Observers
• Lines are Approximations
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 8000
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
zy
x
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-26
Characterizing Colors
400 500 600 700 8000
1
1.8
Wavelength, nm
Tris
timu
lus
Va
lue
z
xy
ObjectSpectrum
x
y
dLxX
0
ˆ
ZYX
Xx
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Jan 2004 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10464-2-27
Recording and Generating Color Images
Camerawith
ThreeFilters
Displaywith
ThreeSources
Eye
ObjectThree SeparateRegistered Images