echr : coussios v. belgium : application

8/6/2019 ECHR : Coussios v. Belgium : Application

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H ioc jyokz, lf Zykivchl jv Gobbfygf jkyh lh jfbhcjf oyknkchkyf yfgf}hilf fz avnfyh,xvhcz hv mocj, xvf lh Ihcxvf h}hkz gobbkw vcf mhvzf fc cf yfwpfgzhcz phw woc jf}oky jfjkwgyëzkoc5 lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Iyvtfllfw gocmkybfyh avjkgkfvwfbfcz gfzzf jëgkwkoc 5 fllf mvzbkwf à cëhcz phy lh Govy jf ghwwhzkoc 5 wzhzvhcz wvy yfc}ok, lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocwjëiovzfyh B# GOVWWKOW 5 lh Govy jf ghwwhzkoc yfafzfyh lf yfgovyw jf B# GOVWWKOW#

KKK# FTPOWF JFW ]KOLHZKOCW JF LH GOC]FCZKOC HLLFNVFFW HKCWK XVFJFW HYNVBFCZW H L‛HPPVK

]kolhzkocw jfw hyzkglfw = phy# 8, 9 fz 7 , hkcwk xvf 4 fz 87 jf lh Goc}fczkoc

Pyfbkfy bo{fc 1 }kolhzkoc jf l‛hyzkglf =, phy# 8, fc gf xvf, gocwkjëyhcz xvf lfw mhkzw lkzknkfvtyfboczfcz hv bokw jf avkllfz 8;;9, fz xvf lh jëgkwkoc avjkgkhkyf jëmkckzk}f c‛fwz kczfy}fcvf xvfmkc 900>, wokz plvw jf 86 hcw plvw zhyj, whcw povy hvzhcz lvk joccfy whzkwmhgzkoc, lh ghvwf jvyfxvëyhcz c‛h phw ëzë fczfcjvf jhcw vc jëlhk yhkwocchilf 5

Jfvtkäbf bo{fc 1 }kolhzkoc jf l‛hyzkglf =, phy# 9, fc gf xvf lf yfxvëyhcz h ëzë hggvwë j‛ázyfl‛hvzfvy ov à zovz lf bokcw lf gobplkgf j‛vc mhkz gocwzkzvhcz vcf kcmyhgzkoc pëchlf, à wh}okyj‛vcf myhvjf whcw bábf h}oky ëzë pëchlfbfcz povywvk}k jf gf gdfm, ck h moyzkoyk gocjhbcë, fcwoyzf xvf lf pykcgkpf jf lh pyëwobpzkoc j‛kccogfcgf h ëzë }kolë#

Zyokwkäbf bo{fc 1 }kolhzkoc jf l‛hyzkglf =, phy# 7, fc gf xvf lf yfxvëyhcz h wvik vclkgfcgkfbfcz povy ¥ mhvzf nyh}f µ jocz lfw gocwëxvfcgfw boyhlfw, wogkhlfw fz mkchcgkäyfw woczghzhwzyopdkxvfw whcw bábf xvf lh ¥ myhvjf µ jocz kl mvz jëglhyë hvzfvy ov gobplkgf mhwwfl‛oiafz j‛vcf pyogëjvyf pëchlf, ëzhcz hkcwk hivwk}fbfcz pyk}ë jf zovzfw lfw nhyhczkfwpyogëjvyhlfw xv‛vcf zfllf pyogëjvyf kbplkxvf hv wfcw jf l‛hyzkglf =, phy# 7 jf lh Goc}fczkoc#

Xvhzykäbf bo{fc 1 }kolhzkoc jf l‛hyzkglf 4, fc gf xvf l‛oppyoiyf kcavwzf xvk w‛hzzhgdf à woclkgfcgkfbfcz h myhppë lf yfxvëyhcz jhcw wh }kf pyk}ëf fz mhbklkhlf#

Gkcxvkäbf bo{fc 1 }kolhzkoc jf l‛hyzkglf 87, fc gf xvf, gobbf lf jëboczyf l‛ëgdfg jfwpyogëjvyfw jf jyokz kczfycf, lf yfxvëyhcz c‛h phw fv jyokz à vc yfgovyw fmmfgzkm#

Lfw hynvbfczw kc}oxvëw à l‛hppvk jf gfw nykfmw

8= wogkëzë hcoc{bf MOYZKW IHCXVF $ft ¥ Wogkëzë nëcëyhlf jf Ihcxvf µ+, h{hcz woc wkänf à 8000 Iyvtfllfw,Boczhncf jv Phyg, c° 7

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Gfyzfw, lh pfywoccf hggvwëf hv wfcw jf lh Goc}fczkoc cf iëcëmkgkf j‛hvgvc jyokz àl‛kczfczfbfcz }okyf à lh goczkcvhzkoc jfw povywvkzfw pëchlfw goczyf fllf# Fllf cf pfvz jäwloyw goczyhkcjyf lfw hvzoykzëw à lh povywvk}yf hmkc j‛oizfcky vcf jëgkwkoc j‛hgxvkzzfbfcz# Hgfz ënhyj, l‛hyzkglf =, ® 9, jf lh Goc}fczkoc cf gocmäyf phw hv pyë}fcv vc jyokz hiwolv jf

}oky vc zykivchl wzhzvfy wvy lf ikfc mocjë jf l‛hggvwhzkoc jkyknëf goczyf lvk# Fc j‛hvzyfwzfybfw, lf jyokz à lh pyëwobpzkoc j‛kccogfcgf c‛fbpágdf ck lf phyxvfz jf glhwwfy vcfhmmhkyf whcw wvkzf ov j‛hihcjoccfy l‛hggvwhzkoc ck lf avnf jf bfzzyf mkc à lh pyogëjvyf whcw

avnfbfcz# Kl c‛fc jfbfvyf phw bokcw xvf lh jëgkwkoc xvk jëgkjf j‛vcf gvlphiklkzë whcwbábf pyo}oxvfy jf povywvkzfw pëchlfw cf pfvz bëgocchãzyf lh pyëwobpzkoc j‛kccogfcgfjhcw lh bfwvyf oû kl c‛{ h phw fv j‛ëzhilkwwfbfcz lënhl pyëhlhilf jf gfllf"gk, l‛kczëyfwwëc‛h{hcz phw fv l‛ogghwkoc j‛ftfygfy wfw jyokzw jf lh jëmfcwf 8># Wk lh jëgkwkoc avjkgkhkyf xvkwhcw pyo}oxvfy jf povywvkzfw povy jfw yhkwocw j‛oppoyzvckzë pyëwfczf lfw mhkzw yfpyogdëwgobbf ëzhilkw, lh pyëwobpzkoc j‛kccogfcgf jf l‛kczëyfwwë w‛fc zyov}f bëgoccvf à bokcwxvf l‛ftfygkgf j‛vcf }okf jf yfgovyw pfybfzzf à lh avykjkgzkoc wvpëykfvyf jf yhppflfyxv‛vcf zfllf jëgkwkoc cf pfvz jëiovgdfy wvy vcf jëglhyhzkoc jf gvlphiklkzë, xvhcj ikfc

bábf lfw zfybfw vzklkwëw wfyhkfcz"klw bhldfvyfvt# Lfw yfgovyw mvyfcz fc l‛fwpägfmkchlfbfcz yfafzëw#

Fc l‛fwpägf, kl fwz doyw jf jovzf xvf lh mhvzf hllënvëf goczyf lf yfxvëyhcz fwz jf w‛ázyfyfcjv gohvzfvy ov à zovz lf bokcw gobplkgf j‛vcf opëyhzkoc mkchcgkäyf kczfychzkochlf jfilhcgdkbfcz, hgzf gocwzkzvzkm j‛kcmyhgzkoc pëchlf# Kl h jocg ëzë l‛oiafz j‛vcf ¥ hggvwhzkoc µhv wfcw jf lh Goc}fczkoc84# W‛haovzfcz à gf gykzäyf jf lh xvhlkmkghzkoc fc jyokz kczfycf, lhchzvyf bábf jf l‛opëyhzkoc hzzykivëf hv yfxvëyhcz fz lh wë}ëykzë jf lh whcgzkoc xvk w‛fc fwzwvk}kf, à wh}oky wh yë}oghzkoc, woc jëwdoccfvy fz wh yvkcf#

Gfyzfw, lf yfxvëyhcz gdfygdf vcf yëphyhzkoc jv jobbhnf xv‛kl wvikz j‛vcf jëgkwkocjkwgkplkchkyf kcavwzf whcw xvf lh avwzkgf pëchlf mõz whkwkf# Gfpfcjhcz vc gobpoyzfbfczxvhlkmkë jf jkwgkplkchkyf wfloc lf jyokz kczfycf pfvz ázyf gocwkjëyë gobbf yflf}hcz jf lhbhzkäyf pëchlf ¥ loywxv‛kl hpphyhãz xvf, fc wvw jf lh }kolhzkoc j‛vcf yänlf jf chzvyfjkwgkplkchkyf, kl fbpoyzf ënhlfbfcz lh bëgocchkwwhcgf jf lh lok pëchlf fz xvf ykfcc‛fbpágdf, jv bokcw fc zdëoykf, jf lf povywvk}yf zhcz hv pëchl xvf wvy lf zfyyhkcjkwgkplkchkyf µ8;# G‛fwz à gf zkzyf xvf lf yfxvëyhcz fwz, cozhbbfcz, mocjë wvy lf nykfmjëjvkz jv jëphwwfbfcz jfw jëlhkw yhkwocchilfw#

Kl mhvz fc fmmfz yfwzfy hzzfczkm à gf xvf lh jëpëchlkwhzkoc ov lh coc pëchlkwhzkoc j‛vc mhkzc‛fczyhãcf phw vc yfgvl jfw pyozfgzkocw pyë}vfw à l‛hyzkglf = jf lh Goc}fczkoc xvf wocz lf

yfwpfgz jv jyokz à vc pyogäw ëxvkzhilf fz jfw jyokzw jf lh jëmfcwf#

90

Kl aovkz jocg jf lh pyëwobpzkoc j‛kccogfcgf hv wfcw jf l‛hyzkglf = jf lh Goc}fczkoc# Lhgdhynf jf lh pyfv}f päwf wvy l‛hggvwhzkoc fz lf jovzf pyomkzf à l‛hggvwë#

8> Phy ftzfcwkoc, GFJD, hyyáz Lfvzwgdfy g# Ph{w"Ihw jv 9= bhyw 8;;=, ® 9; 5 GFJD, hyyáz Lvzq g# Hllfbhcncf jv96 hoõz 8;4> yfcjv fc wëhcgf plëckäyf, ® 7> 5 GFJD, hyyáz Fcnlfyz g# Hllfbhncf jv 96 hoõz 8;4> yfcjv fcwëhcgf plëbckäyf, =7> 5 GFJD, hyyáz Cýlefciogedomm, kikjfb#84 GFJD, hyyáz FCNFL fz gocwoyzw g# Ph{w"Ihw jv 4 avkc 8;>=, yfcjv fc hwwfbilëf plëckäyf, ® 498; GFJD, hyyáz Ghbpifll fz Mfll g# Yo{hvbf Vck jv 94 avkc 8;4:, ® >8, gkzë phy M# EVZ[, ¥ Avwzkgf pëchlf fzpyogäw ëxvkzhilf µ, Lhygkfy, 900=

90 L# PFZKZK, ¥ Lfw pykcgkpfw nëcëyhvt jv jyokz pëchl jhcw lh Goc}fczkoc fvyopëfccf jfw jyokzw jf l‛dobbf µ,Y#W#G#, 8;4>, pp# 8=>"848, wpëg#, p# 8>=, gkzë phy M# EVZ[, ¥ Avwzkgf pëchlf fz pyogäw ëxvkzhilf µ, Lhygkfy, 900=,p# 77, c° := fz lfw yëmëyfcgfw#

4



Xvhcj ikfc bábf, kl cf w‛hnkyhkz xvf j‛vc pyogäw jf chzvyf gk}klf, xvoj coc, fcgoyf lfyfxvëyhcz c‛h"z"kl phw aovk jf woc jyokz à vc fthbfc fmmfgzkm jf wfw bo{fcw, hynvbfczw,ommyfw jf pyfv}f#98 Lf yfxvëyhcz ftpowfyh gk"hpyäw jhcw xvfllf bfwvyf lh Govy j‛hppfl jfBocw c‛h phw yëpocjv hvt bo{fcw xv‛kl jë}flopphkz fc zfybfw jf gocglvwkocw# 99 Oc cfwhvyhkz j‛hkllfvyw gocwkjëyfy xv‛vc plhkjfvy h ëzë fmmfgzk}fbfcz fczfcjv loywxv‛vc bo{fc

jf jëmfcwf fwwfczkfl h ëzë bëgoccv wvkzf à vcf fyyfvy j‛hppyëgkhzkoc jf lh avykjkgzkochppflëf à wzhzvfy#97 Kl c‛{ h phw fv fthbfc fmmfgzkm jf lh ghvwf phygf xvf lfw bo{fcw jf B #GOVWWKOW c‛ocz phw ëzë yfcgoczyëw phy lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw#

Gfyzfw, lh avykwpyvjfcgf jf lh Govy jfw Jyokzw jf l‛Dobbf yhppfllf xv‛kl cf lvk hpphyzkfczphw, fc yänlf, jf gocchãzyf jfw fyyfvyw jf mhkz ov jf jyokz pyëzfcjvbfcz gobbkwfw phy lfw

avykjkgzkocw kczfycfw jhcw l‛hppyëgkhzkoc jfw pyfv}fw 5 xv‛kl fc }h zovzfmokw hvzyfbfcz jhcwlh bfwvyf oû, gobbf fc l‛fwpägf, jfw fyyfvyw wocz wvwgfpzkilfw j‛h}oky fczyhãcë lh}kolhzkoc j‛vc jyokz ov j‛vcf lkifyzë nhyhczk phy lh Goc}fczkoc#9:

Loywxv‛vcf hgzkoc fc avwzkgf fwz mocjëf wvy vcf kcmyhgzkoc à lh lok pëchlf, " gf xvk fwz lf ghw

pvkwxvf B# GOVWWKOW h ëzë jëglhyë govphilf j‛h}oky phyzkgkpë gobbf hvzfvy ovgobplkgf à vcf zfczhzk}f jf ilhcgdkbfcz", g‛fwz hv jfbhcjfvy à l‛hgzkoc xv‛kcgobif lhpyfv}f jf l‛kbpvzhiklkzë jf gfzzf kcmyhgzkoc hv jëmfcjfvy ov jf l‛kcftkwzfcgf jf lh ghvwf jf

avwzkmkghzkoc ë}fczvfllfbfcz kc}oxvëf phy gf jfyckfy, povy hvzhcz xvf woc hllënhzkoc cf wokzphw jëpovy}vf jf zovz ëlëbfcz pfybfzzhcz jf lvk hggoyjfy gyëjkz # Kl kcgobif hloyw hvjfbhcjfvy à l‛hgzkoc jf pyov}fy l‛kcfthgzkzvjf jf gfzzf hllënhzkoc# Gfzzf yänlfmocjhbfczhlf h ëzë }kolëf phy lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw xvk h hjopzë l‛kjëf pyëgocîvf xvflf yfxvëyhcz h}hkz gobbkw l‛hgzf kcgykbkcë# Fc ftknfhcz xv‛kl w‛ftplkxvf $gf xv‛kl mhkwhkzj‛hkllfvyw+ zhcjkw xvf wfw hggvwhzfvyw c‛ëzhkfcz phw ghphilfw j‛hppoyzfy vc ëlëbfcz jfpyfv}f goczyhkyf à lh pyëwobpzkoc j‛kccogfcgf, lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw h yfc}fywë lhgdhynf jf lh pyfv}f, j‛oû vc pyogäw kcëxvkzhilf#96

Fc}kwhnëf jhcw woc fcwfbilf, lh pyogëjvyf c‛h phw ëzë ëxvkzhilf, lfw pyfv}fw c‛h{hczbhckmfwzfbfcz phw ëzë hjbkckwzyëfw jf mhîoc lënhlf# Lh Govy avnfyh xvf lh Govy j‛hppfljf Bocw h zkyë jfw mhkzw xvk lvk ocz ëzë wovbkw jfw gocglvwkocw jf ghyhgzäyf hyikzyhkyf fzkcavwzf#9=

Kl w‛haovzf à gflh xvf lfw ëlëbfczw jocz lh Gobbkwwkoc jfw Gobbvchvzëw h zkyë hynvbfczpovy yë}oxvfy pvyfbfcz fz wkbplfbfcz lf yfxvëyhcz hv pyëzftzf jf mhvzf nyh}f ocz ëzëyfgvfkllkw à lh mh}fvy j‛vcf kcjkwgyëzkoc mhvzk}f jf lh Ihcxvf# Lfw pyëzfcjvfw ¥ pyfv}fw µ,

98

GFJD, hyyáz Jvlhvyhcw g# Myhcgf jv 98 bhyw 9000 yfcjvf à l‛vchckbkzë, ® 77, gkzë phy M# EVZ[, ¥ Avwzkgfpëchlf fz pyogäw ëxvkzhilf µ, Lhygkfy, 900=, p# :84, c° =6> fz lfw yëmëyfcgfw# 99 GFJD, hyyáz Xvhjyfllk g# Kzhlkf jv 88 ahc}kfy 9000 yfcjv à l‛vchckbkzë, ® 7:, gkzë phy M# EVZ[, ¥ Avwzkgfpëchlf fz pyogäw ëxvkzhilf µ, Lhygkfy, 900=, p# :8;, c° =64 fz lfw yëmëyfcgfw97 Gobb# FJD, yhppoyz Jf Dhfw fz N{wflw g# Iflnkxvf jv 9; co}fbiyf 8;;6 yfcjv à l‛vchckbkzë, 8;>:, ® >6,gkzë phy M# EVZ[, ¥ Avwzkgf pëchlf fz pyogäw ëxvkzhilf µ, Lhygkfy, 900=, p# :8;, c° =6; fz lfw yëmëyfcgfw#9: GFJD, hyyáz Ehdc g# Yo{hvbf"Vck jv 89 bhk 9000, ® 7: 5 GFJD, hyyáz Nhygkh Yvkq g # Fwphncf jv 98 ahc}kfy8;;; yfcjv fc nyhcjf gdhbiyf à l‛vchckbkzë, ® 94 5 GFJD, hyyáz Wgdfce g# Wvkwwf jv 89 avkllfz 8;44 yfcjv fcwëhcgf plëckäyf, ® :6 5 Gobb# FJD, yhppoyz Ihyifyh, Bfwwfnvë fz Ahihyjo g # Fwphncf jv 8= ogzoiyf 8;4=yfcjvf à l‛vchckbkzë, ® 80096 GFJD, hyyáz Zflmcfy g# Hvzykgdf jv 90 bhyw 9008 yfcjv à l‛vchckbkzë, ® 86 5 Gobb# FJD, yhppoyz Ihyifyh,Bfwwfnvë fz Ahihyjo g# Fwphncf jv 8= ogzoiyf 8;4= yfcjv à l‛vchckbkzë ® 80: 5 GFJD, hyyáz J#D# hcj ozdfyw }#

Zdf Gqfgd Yfpvilkg jv 87 co}fbiyf 900>9= GFJD, hyyáz Lvgh g # Kzhlkf jv 9> më}ykfy 9008 yfcjv à l‛vchckbkzë, ® 74 5 GFJD, hyyáz H#B# g# Kzhlkf jv 8:jëgfbiyf 8;;; yfcjv à l‛vchckbkzë, ® 96

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pyfv}f wvmmkwhczw xvk lvk wokfcz yënvlkäyfbfcz pyëwfczëw µ9>#

Lh pyogëjvyf jf}hcz lf Zykivchl fz fcwvkzf lh Govy jfw Gobbvchvzëw fvyopëfccfw " Oû lhmhvzf jf lh Ihcxvf nëcäyf kllënhlfbfcz vcf pyogëjvyf jkwgkplkchkyf à gdhynf jf B#

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wvy lh wobbf jf :6 bkllkocw *VW c‛ëzhkz phw wkncë phy B# GOVWWKOW,F# xv‛kl h}hkz hnk jf ioccf mok9;,M# xvf lf mhvt goczyhz cf lvk mvz pyëwfczë phy lh Gobbkwwkoc xvf lf 99 avkllfz 8;;9,N# xvf lfw jëglhyhzkocw jf B# GOVWWKOW fc govyw jf pyogëjvyf jkwgkplkchkyf cf

pov}hkfcz phw ázyf kc}oxvëfw goczyf lvk"bábf,D# xvf lh Gobbkwwkoc c‛h}hkz phw gocwfczk à yë}ëlfy xvfllf ëzhkz wh “wovygf jkncf jf

mok‒,K# xvf gfzzf pyhzkxvf fwz jëlo{hlf, h{hcz cozhbbfcz povy fmmfz fz, fc zovw ghw, povy

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A# xv‛kl c‛{ h phw pyogäw ëxvkzhilf $hyz# = jf lh GFJD+ fz xv‛kl { h }kolhzkoc jf wh }kfpyk}ëf $hyz# 4 jf lh GFJD+,

E# xv‛kl { h fv }kolhzkoc jv pykcgkpf jv goczyhjkgzokyf fz jf l‛ënhlkzë jfw hybfw,}kolhzkoc jfw jyokzw jf lh jëmfcwf fz jfw pykcgkpfw nëcëyhvt jv jyokz, à wh}oky lfpykcgkpf xvf lh gdhynf jf lh pyfv}f kcgobif à l‛hggvwhzfvy, xv‛kl { h pyëwobpzkoc

j‛kccogfcgf fz xvf lf jovzf jokz pyomkzfy à l‛hggvwë,L# xvf, zyäw wviwkjkhkyfbfcz, lh whcgzkoc fwz jkwpyopoyzkoccëf, gocwkjëyhcz lfw nykfmw#

Gfw bo{fcw ocz ëzë jëglhyëw coc mocjëw phy lf Zykivchl jfw Gobbvchvzëw fvyopëfccfwxvk h yfafzë lh yfxvázf phy woc hyyáz jv 86 bhk 8;;>#70 Lf aovy bábf, 86 bhk 8;;>, gfzhyyáz h ëzë cozkmkë à B# GOVWWKOW#78

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gyëhcgf fz kl c‛hvyhkz ahbhkw mhkz l‛oiafz, ikfc wõy, j‛hvgvcf pyogëjvyf jkwgkplkchkyf#70Pkägf :978Pkägf :7

80



Gf Zykivchl, " w‛ëghyzhcz jv avnfbfcz jëaà yfcjv phy lf Zykivchl jv gobbfygf jfIyvtfllfw, lfxvfl h}hkz gocwzhzë xvf B# GOVWWKOW ëzhkz }kgzkbf j‛vcf mhvzf jf lhIhcxvf, " yfpyfchkz lfw bozkmw jf lh jëgkwkoc jf lkgfcgkfbfcz jv : ogzoiyf 8;;7,haovzhcz à zoyz1

“$###+ Wfloc lh jëgkwkoc, zovw gfw ëlëbfczw lhkwwfcz à gyokyf 79 xv‛kl w‛fwz yfcjvgobplkgf j‛vcf zfczhzk}f jf zyhcwhgzkoc myhvjvlfvwf jf zyhcwmfyz j‛vcf wobbfzyäw kbpoyzhczf à wh Ihcxvf à Iyvtfllfw# B# GOVWWKOW c‛hvyhkz joccë hvgvcf ftplkghzkoc gyëjkilf xvhcz hv mhkz xv‛vcf wobbf jf gfzzf kbpoyzhcgfjf}hkz ázyf zyhcwmëyëf jv Cknfykh à wh Ihcxvf ck wvy gf xvk w‛fwz phwwë loyw jfwfw yfcgoczyfw hv Cknfykh# Wfw jëglhyhzkocw wvggfwwk}fw wfyhkfcz jk}fynfczfw,gf xvk lfw pyk}fyhkz jf zovzf gyëjkiklkzë#‒77

Bhckmfwzfbfcz, lh gdhynf jf lh pyfv}f ëzhkz yfc}fywëf#

H gfz ënhyj, lf Zykivchl hvyhkz jõ plvzúz gocwzhzfy xvf wk B# GOVWWKOW c‛h}hkz, phyjëmkckzkoc, hvgvcf “ftplkghzkoc gyëjkilf‒ à joccfy wvy lf zyhcwmfyz j‛vcf zfllf wobbfgocwkjëyhilf, kl ëzhkz hgxvkw xv‛kl h}hkz kczfyjkz l‛opëyhzkoc jäw xv‛kl lvk mvz wknchlë jfxvfllf wobbf kl w‛hnkwwhkz jhcw l‛oyjyf jf zyhcwmfyz, à wh}oky vcf wobbf ëcoybfzozhlfbfcz jkwpyopoyzkoccëf à gf xv‛kl hzzfcjhkz coybhlfbfcz#

C‛h{hcz phw }ovlv vc zfl zyhcwmfyz, B# GOVWWKOW c‛h}hkz phw à fc ftplkxvfy lf boiklf#Hv lkfv jf mhkyf gf gocwzhz, xvk hvyhkz hv jfbfvyhcz gocmoybf à lh yänlf jf lh pyëwobpzkocj‛kccogfcgf fz jf lh gdhynf jf lh pyfv}f kcgobihcz à lh phyzkf hggvwhzykgf, lf Zykivchl h, àzoyz, yfzfcv lf nykfm#

Hloyw xvf B# GOVWWKOW yfpyogdf à lh Gobbkwwkoc j‛hwwfoky wh jëgkwkoc jv yë}oxvfywvy jfw kcmoybhzkocw ihcghkyfw oizfcvfw nyégf à vcf mhvzf pyomfwwkoccfllf jf lh Ihcxvf,lf Zykivchl jfw Gobbvchvzëw gocmkybh ikfc xvf lh Ihcxvf fwz, phy wh jëcocgkhzkoc, àl‛oyknkcf jv lkgfcgkfbfcz 1

“hvgvc ëlëbfcz jv jowwkfy cf jëboczyf xvf lh Gobbkwwkoc h fllf"bábfwollkgkzë hvpyäw jf lh Ihcxvf jfw kcmoybhzkocw ov kcgkzë l‛ëzhilkwwfbfcz,jkyfgzfbfcz ov kcjkyfgzfbfcz, à lvk zyhcwbfzzyf jf zfllfw kcmoybhzkocw, ckxv‛fllf w‛fwz kczëyfwwëf hvt gobbvckghzkocw fczyf B# GOVWWKOW fz wh Ihcxvfjhcw lf ghjyf j‛vcf wvy}fkllhcgf oynhckwëf57: jhcw gfw gocjkzkocw, kl jokz ázyf

hjbkw xvf lfw yfcwfkncfbfczw lkzknkfvt ocz ëzë gobbvckxvëw à lh phyzkfjëmfcjfyfwwf phy vcf wovygf j‛kcmoybhzkoc hnkwwhcz jf wh pyopyf kckzkhzk}f576

pyfchcz hloyw gocchkwwhcgf j‛ëlëbfczw wvwgfpzkilfw jf poyzfy hzzfkczf à wfwkczëyázw, lh Gobbkwwkoc jf}hkz $###+ ov}yky vcf fcxvázf7= hmkc jf pov}oky, lf ghwëgdëhcz, pyfcjyf lfw bfwvyfw cëgfwwhkyfw à lh whv}fnhyjf ov à lh pyozfgzkoc

79 G‛fwz lf yfxvëyhcz xvk wovlkncf# Oc gocwzhzf jëaà xvf B# GOVWWKOW fwz }kgzkbf j‛vc yfc}fywfbfcz jf lhgdhynf jf lh pyfv}f 1 oc lf gdhynf jf jëboczyfy xv‛kl cf w‛fwz phw yfcjv govphilf j‛vcf zfczhzk}f jf zyhcwhgzkocmyhvjvlfvwf#77 pokcz 99 kikjfb7:

pokcz => kikjfb76

pokcz =4 kikjfb5 g‛fwz lf yfxvëyhcz xvk wovlkncf 1 g‛fwz ë}kjfbbfcz lh Ihcxvf xvk h zyhdk woc jf}oky jfjkwgyëzkoc##7= G‛fwz B# GOVWWKOW xvk wovlkncf#

88



jf gfw kczëyázw57> lh wfvlf gkygocwzhcgf xvf lfw yfcwfkncfbfczw hkfcz pv ázyfgobbvckxvëw phy vcf Ihcxvf fc }kolhzkoc jfw jkwpowkzkocw chzkochlfwyflhzk}fw à lh pyozfgzkoc jv wfgyfz ihcghkyf c‛ëzhkz phw jf chzvyf à l‛fbpágdfyj‛ov}yky vcf pyogëjvyf74 jkwgkplkchkyf‒57;

Lf Zykivchl jfw Gobbvchvzëw gocmkybf xvf

“lfw yfcwfkncfbfczw lkzknkfvt ocz ëzë gobbvckxvëw à lh Gobbkwwkoc phy vcfwovygf j‛kcmoybhzkoc hnkwwhcz jf wh pyopyf kckzkhzk}f‒#

Lf Zykivchl jfw Gobbvchvzëw h hyikzyhkyfbfcz gocwkjëyë xv‛oc wf zyov}hkz, fc l‛fwpägf,jhcw lf ghjyf jfw yfwzykgzkocw hjbkwwkilfw, yëpocjhcz à l‛kczëyáz nëcëyhl povywvk}k phy lhGobbvchvzë fz cf gocwzkzvhcz phw vcf kczfy}fczkoc jëbfwvyëf fz kczolëyhilf poyzhczhzzfkczf à lh wviwzhcgf jfw jyokzw nhyhczkw#:0Lf Zykivchl h pyëgkwë

“fc ov}yhcz vcf fcxvázf pvkw vcf pyogëjvyf jkwgkplkchkyf à lh wvkzfj‛kcmoybhzkocw wvwgfpzkilfw jf wf yhppoyzfy à jfw hgzfw kllënhvt jf B#GOVWWKOW fz, phyzhcz, à jfw bhcxvfbfczw nyh}fw hvt oilknhzkocw jvwzhzvz, lh Gobbkwwkoc c‛h cvllfbfcz fczyfpykw vcf kczfy}fczkocjëbfwvyëf fz kczolëyhilf poyzhcz hzzfkczf à lh wviwzhcgf bábf jv jyokz hv yfwpfgz jf lh }kf pyk}ëf‒#

Lh jëgkwkoc jf lh Govy jf Avwzkgf jfw Gobbvchvzëw fvyopëfccfw $7äbf gdhbiyf+ $8=

avkllfz 8;;4+

B# GOVWWKOW h moybë hppfl# Lfw phyzkfw ocz opzë povy lh pyogëjvyf ëgykzf# L‛hppfl hëzë jëglhyë kyyfgf}hilf povy gfyzhkcw nykfmw jf mhkz, bhl mocjë povy j‛hvzyfw bo{fcw jfjyokz#

Wfloc wh avykwpyvjfcgf gocwzhczf, lh Govy cf pfvz, fc }fyzv l‛hyzkglf 8=4H jv zyhkzë GF fzjf l‛hyzkglf 68, pyfbkfy hlkcëh jv wzhzvz GF jf lh Govy jf avwzkgf, w‛hppv{fy xvf wvy jfwbo{fcw poyzhcz wvy lh }kolhzkoc jfw yänlfw jf jyokz, à l‛ftglvwkoc jf zovzf ¥ hppyëgkhzkoc µjfw mhkzw $}oky cozhbbfcz, oyjocchcgf jv 8= wfpzfbiyf 8;;> Eoflbhc/Gobbkwwkoc, G"

6;/;= P , Yfg# P# K":40;A pokcz 78+#

Oy, fc l‛fwpägf, zovz yfpowf wvy l‛hppyëgkhzkoc jfw mhkzw à lh lvbkäyf jv pykcgkpfmocjhbfczhlf jf lh pyëwobpzkoc j‛kccogfcgf# Wk l‛hppyëgkhzkoc jfw mhkzw ëgdhppf à lhgobpëzfcgf fz hv yúlf pyogëjvyhl jf lh Govy jf Avwzkgf, gfllf"gk c‛ommyf phw à B#GOVWWKOW vcf gdhcgf xvflgocxvf jf }oky yëphyfy lh jëgkwkoc kcëxvkzhilf jocz kl fwz}kgzkbf, woc yfgovyw ëzhcz fc yänlf kyyfgf}hilf#

Lf 8= avkllfz 8;;4, lh Govy jf Avwzkgf h jocg avnë xvf

7> pokcz =; kikjfb74

G‛fwz B# GOVWWKOW xvk wovlkncf#7; pokcz >0 kikjfb:0 pokcz >: jf l‛hyyáz

89



¥ $ …+ Jäw loyw, loywxvf lf Zykivchl h gocwzhzë ov hppyëgkë lfw mhkzw, lh Govy fwz wfvlfbfcz gobpëzfczf povy ftfygfy, fc }fyzv jf l‛hyzkglf 8=4H jv zyhkzë, vc goczyúlfwvy lh xvhlkmkghzkoc avykjkxvf jf gfw mhkzw fz lfw gocwëxvfcgfw jf jyokz xvk fc ocz ëzë zkyëfw phy lf Zykivchl# Jf bábf, fllf c‛fwz, fc pykcgkpf, phw gobpëzfczf povy

fthbkcfy lfw pyfv}fw xvf lfw Zykivchl h yfzfcvfw à l‛hppvk jf gfw mhkzw#:8

$…+ B#GOVWWKOW wf ioycf à goczfwzfy jfw gocwzhzhzkocw jf mhkzw fz lfvy hppyëgkhzkoc phy lfZykivch8# Fc gocwëxvfcgf, kl { h lkfv jf yfafzfy lh pyfbkäyf ghzënoykf jf bo{fcwgobbf bhckmfwzfbfcz kyyfgf}hilf# $…+ Xvhcz à l‛hynvbfcz wfloc lfxvfl lf Zykivchlhvyhkz cënlknë lf pykcgkpf nëcëyhl jf jyokz #myhvw obckh goyyvbpkz#, kl { h lkfvj‛oiwfy}fy xv‛kl cf gocwzkzvf phw vc bo{fc hvzocobf xvk pfybfzzf jf yfbfzzyf fcghvwf l‛hppyëgkhzkoc jv Zykivchl wfloc lhxvfllf lh wfvlf gkygocwzhcgf xvf lfwyfcwfkncfbfczw wvy lfwxvflw wf mocjhkz lh Gobbkwwkoc hkfcz pv ázyf gobbvckxvëw phyvcf Ihcxvf fc }kolhzkoc jf jkwpowkzkocw chzkochlfw yflhzk}fw à lh pyozfgzkoc jv wfgyfz ihcghkyf c‛ëzhkz phw jf chzvyf à fbpágdfy l‛ov}fyzvyf j‛vcf pyogëjvyf jkwgkplkchkyfjf woyzf xvf gfzzf jëbhygdf cf gocwzkzvhkz phw vcf }kolhzkoc jv jyokz hv yfwpfgz jf lh

}kf pyk}ëf 1 lf pyfbkfy bo{fc jf gfzzf ghzënoykf jokz jocg ázyf yfafzë gobbfbhckmfwzfbfcz kyyfgf}hilf# $…+ Xvhcz hv yfpyogdf yflhzkm hv jf}oky jf pyozënfyl‛hcoc{bhz jf l‛kcmoybhzfvy, kl yëwvlzf jf lh avykwpyvjfcgf jf lh Govy, gobbf l‛hyflf}ë lf Zykivchl $…+ xvf l‛hyzkglf 98: jv zyhkzë GF ‗ xvk oilknf lfw bfbiyfw fz lfwhnfczw jfw kcwzkzvzkocw jf lh Gobbvchvzë à cf phw jk}vlnvfy jfw kcmoybhzkocw xvk, phylfvy chzvyf bábf, wocz gov}fyzfw phy lf wfgyfz pyomfwwkoccfl ‗ gocwzkzvf vc pykcgkpfnëcëyhl xvk w‛hpplkxvf bábf à jfw kcmoybhzkocw movyckfw phy jfw pfywoccfw

pd{wkxvfw, wk gfw kcmoybhzkocw wocz phy lfvy chzvyf gocmkjfczkfllfw# Jhcw lf ghwj‛kcmoybhzkocw movyckfw à zkzyf pvyfbfcz }oloczhkyf, bhkw hwwoyzkfw j‛vcf jfbhcjf jfgocmkjfczkhlkzë fc }vf jf pyozënfy l‛hcoc{bhz jf l‛kcmoybhzfvy, l‛kcwzkzvzkoc xvkhggfpzf jf yfgf}oky gfw kcmoybhzkocw fwz zfcvf jf yfwpfgzfy vcf zfllf gocjkzkoc $}okyhyyáz jv > co}fbiyf 8;46, Hjhbw/Gobbkwwkoc, 8:W/47+ Yfg# Pp# 767;, pokcz 7:+# Fcovzyf, vcf pyogëjvyf ov}fyzf wvy lh ihwf j‛kcmoybhzkocw jocz l‛oyknkcf c‛fwz phwyë}ëlëf fwz yënvlkäyf jäw loyw xvf c‛fwz phw hmmfgzëf lh powwkiklkzë, povy lh pfywoccfgocgfycëf, jf mhkyf gocchãzyf woc pokcz jf }vf wvy lh yëhlkzë ov lh poyzëf jfw mhkzw ovjogvbfczw gobbvckxvëw ov fcgoyf wvy lfw gocglvwkocw xvf lh Gobbkwwkoc fc zkyf$}oky hyyáz jv 87 më}ykfy 8;>;, DommbhccsLh Yyogdf/Gobbkwwkoc, 4688=, Yfg# P# :=8,

pokcz 8:+# µ

H pyopow jf lh }kolhzkoc hllënvëf jf l‛hyzkglf = jf lh Goc}fczkoc 1

¥ $…+ Phy lf dvkzkäbf bo{fc, B# GOVWWKOW mhkz }hloky xvf g‛fwz à zoyz xvf lfZykivchl, fc kc}oxvhcz lf mhkz xvf lh Gobbkwwkoc cf whvyhkz ázyf xvhlkmkëf jf¥ zykivchl µ hv wfcw jf gfzzf jkwpowkzkoc, lvk h jëckë, hv pokcz ;6 jf l‛hyyáz hzzhxvë, lfwnhyhczkfw pyë}vfw à l‛hyzkglf = jf lh GFJD# Kl haovzf xvf, bábf wk gfzzf kcwzkzvzkoc cf

pov}hkz ázyf hkcwk xvhlkmkëf, lf Zykivchl hvyhkz jõ hv bokcw lvk"bábf yfwpfgzfy gflzfjkwpowkzkoc# J‛hioyj, kl goc}kfcz jf gocwzhzfy xvf, gobbf lf Zykivchl l‛h gocwzhzë hv

pokcz ;6 jf l‛hyyáz hzzhxvë, lh pyogëjvyf jf}hcz lh Gobbkwwkoc c‛fwz phw avjkgkhkyf,bhkw hjbkckwzyhzk}f jf woyzf xvf lh Gobbkwwkoc cf whvyhkz ázyf xvhlkmkëf jf¥ zykivchl µ hv wfcw jf l‛hyzkglf = jf lh GFJD $}oky hyyáz jv > avkc 8;47, Bvwkxvf

Jkmmvwkoc myhcîhkwf/Gobbkww# 800/40 à 807/40, Yfg# P# 8496, pokcz >+# $…+ 5 $…+ µ

Lh Govy jf Avwzkgf h gocwkjëyë xv‛fllf c‛ëzhkz phw zfcvf phy l‛ftknfcgf j‛vc pyogäw:8 G‛fwz lf yfxvëyhcz xvk wovlkncf#

87



ëxvkzhilf hv wfcw jf l‛hyzkglf = jf lh Goc}fczkoc fvyopëfccf jfw jyokzw jf l‛Dobbf…

Lh Govy jf Avwzkgf h yfafzë, gobbf wkbplfbfcz kyyfgf}hilfw, zovw lfw bo{fcw zkyëw j‛vcfhppyëgkhzkoc fyyocëf jfw mhkzw phy lf Zykivchl 5 lh Govy h avnë xvf lh Gobbkwwkocfvyopëfccf, hnkwwhcz hv jkwgkplkchkyf, c‛ëzhkz phw vc ¥ zykivchl µ hv wfcw jf l‛hyzkglf = jf lh

Goc}fczkoc fz xvf lfw nhyhczkfw hppoyzëfw phy lh Goc}fczkoc c‛ëzhkfcz jocg phwhpplkghilfw à lh pyogëjvyf jkwgkplkchkyf jf}hcz lh Gobbkwwkoc fvyopëfccf… #

Kl fwz jocg jëboczyë, fc l‛ëzhz, xvf B# GOVWWKOW h zovz mhkz povy ë}kzfyhjbkckwzyhzk}fbfcz lfw gocwëxvfcgfw jëwhwzyfvwfw jf lh jëcocgkhzkoc jf lh Ihcxvf bhkwxvf gfllf"gk h ifl fz ikfc fczyhãcë kyyë}oghilfbfcz woc lkgfcgkfbfcz 5

J‛hvzyf phyz, jf}hcz lfw avykjkgzkocw iflnfw 1

Phy gkzhzkoc jv 8> avkc 8;;:, kl h bkw fc ghvwf lh Ihcxvf jf}hcz lf Zykivchl jf Gobbfygf

jf Iyvtfllfw# Lf 86 co}fbiyf 8;;6, lf Zykivchl jf Gobbfygf h yfzfcv lh mhvzf jf lhIhcxvf fc woc pykcgkpf#

Lf Zykivchl jv Gobbfygf jf Iyvtfllfw h}hkz, fc fmmfz, zyäw hjëxvhzfbfcz hppyëgkë 1

¥ $…+ Hzzfcjv xvf lf Ihcxvkfy h vcf oilknhzkoc jf jkwgyëzkoc jhcw zovzfw lfw yflhzkocwh}fg wfw glkfczw whvm ftgfpzkoc avwzkmkëf 5Xvf lf glkfcz pfvz lënkzkbfbfcz w‛hzzfcjyf à gf xvf lf Ihcxvkfy cf jk}vlnvf phw à jfwzkfyw lfw yfcwfkncfbfczw xv‛kl h yfgvfkllkw wvy lfw opëyhzkocw hvtxvfllfw kl h ëzë phyzkf 5Xvf lh jëmfcjfyfwwf yfgocchãz h}oky gobbvckxvë hv ivyfhv jf wëgvykzë jf lhGobbkwwkoc fvyopëfccf jfw yfcwfkncfbfczw gocgfychcz jfw opëyhzkocw fmmfgzvëfw phywoc glkfcz Govwwkow 5Xvf lh jëmfcjfyfwwf h zyhcwbkw hv ivyfhv jf wëgvykzë jf lh Gobbkwwkoc fvyopëfccfjfw jogvbfczw xvf Govwwkow lvk h}hkz gocmkëw fz l‛h kcmoybë jv goczfcv jfw fczyfzkfcwxv‛fllf h}hkz fvw h}fg Govwwkow 5

Hzzfcjv xvf lf ivyfhv jf wëgvykzë zyh}hkllf povy lh Gobbkwwkoc fvyopëfccf 5Xv‛kl fwz kcjëpfcjhcz jf lh Ihcxvf 5Xvf lh Ihcxvf h jocg zyhcwbkw jfw kcmoybhzkocw gocmkjfczkfllfw à vc zkfyw 5Xv‛kl kbpoyzf pfv xv‛fllf cf lfw hkz phw gobbcvckxvëfw jkyfgzfbfcz à l‛hvzoykzë kc}fwzkf jv pov}oky jf cobkchzkoc 5 xv‛fllf lfw h yfbkw à vc oynhcf jf lh Gobbkwwkocfvyopëfccf, l‛fbplo{fvy jf Govwwkow 5

Hzzfcjv xv‛fllf c‛h jäw loyw phw yfwpfgzë woc jf}oky jf jkwgyëzkoc 5 Hzzfcjv xv‛fllf c‛ëzhilkz phw xv‛fllf ëzhkz fc jyokz jf jëyonfy à woc oilknhzkoc jfjkwgyëzkoc 5

Hzzfcjv xvf l‛hmmkybhzkoc, wfloc lhxvfllf lh jëmfcjfyfwwf w‛ëzhkz hjyfwwëf à lhGobbkwwkoc povy }ëykmkfy wk l‛opëyhzkoc lkzknkfvwf h}hkz ëzë mhkzf povy woc gobpzf,c‛fwz phw }yhkwfbilhilf 5Xvf gfzzf avwzkmkghzkoc pfv gyëjkilf fz c‛ftplkxvf phy hkllfvyw phw povyxvok lh Ihcxvfh goczkcvë à zyhcwbfzzyf jfw kcmoybhzkocw à lh Gobbbkwwkoc hpyäw wh jëgkwkoc jv 7

avkllfz 8;;9 jf yfmvwfy lf zyhcwmfyz jfw mocjw 5Xvf lf goczyhz ëzhkz mhkz phy Govwwkow à zkzyf pyk}ë 5 xv‛kl cf goczkfcz hvgvcf yëmëyfcgfhvt Gobbvchvzë fvyopëfccfw 5

Xvf l‛hynfcz jf}hkz ázyf ph{ë wvy lf gobpzf pfywoccfl jf Govwwkow 5Xv‛fc ovzyf lh Ihcxvf jëglhyf xvf gfyzhkcfw glhvwfw fz ëlëbfczw jv goczyhz h}hkfcz

8:



ë}fkllë wfw wovpîocw 5Xvf lh wknchzvyf jf Govwwkow hppowëf wvy lf goczyhz c‛ëzhkz phw kjfcjkxvf hvwpëgkbfc fc powwfwwkoc jf lh Ihcxvf 5Xv‛hvgvcf glhvwf cf jëmkckz pyëgkwëbfcz l‛oiafz ck l‛fcnhnfbfcz jf gdhgvcf jfw

phyzkfw 5

Xvf lf goczyhz cf pyë}okz phw lf phkfbfcz j‛hgobpzfw ov vcf nhyhczkf jf ioccfftëgvzkoc 5Xv‛kl cf gobpoyzf phw j‛hyzkglf = xvk hvyhkz coybhlfbfcz jõ pyëgëjfy l‛hyzkglf > 5Xvf lf gfyzkmkghz jf gocmoybkzë jf l‛ftëgvzkoc jv goczyhz jhzë jv 90 bhyw 8;;9 cf mhkz hvgvcf bfczkoc jf lh pyoyonhzkoc jv pyfbkfy goczyhz, xvk pyfchkz mkc hv : avkc 8;49 5Xvf lh Ihcxvf haovzf xvf wfw wovpîocw xvhcz à lh lkgëkzë jv goczyhz pyo}fchkfcz ënhlfbfcz jf l‛ftkwzfcgf jf pyhzkxvfw myhvjvlfvwfw jë}floppëfw à phyzky jv Cknëykh 5Xvf, gobpzf zfcv jf gfw gkygocwzhcgf, wk lh Ihcxvf pov}hkz h}oky jfw jovzfw lënkzkbfwwvy lh yënvlhykzë jf l‛opëyhzkoc lkzknkfvwf, kl c‛fwz phw plhvwkilf jf pyëzfcjyf xv‛fllf h

pv fc}kwhnfy xv‛kl w‛hnkwwf j‛vcf opëyhzkoc lkgkzf mhkzf povy lf gobpzf jfwGobbvchvzëw 5

Xvf lfw yhppoyzw jv ivyfhv jf wëgvykzë jf lh Gobbkwwkoc fvyopëfccf cf mocz j‛hkllfvyw hvgvcf bfczkoc j‛vcf kczfyyonhzkoc jf lh Ihcxvf wvy gf pokcz 5Xv‛hv goczyhkyf, lh cozf jv = avkllfz 8;;9 kcjkxvf xvf ¥ Gobpzf zfcv jv boczhcz fc

afv fz jfw jhzfw jv goczyhz, cozyf kczfylogvzfvy ‗ wpëgkhlkwë fc gf jobhkcf" fwzkbf xv‛kl povyyhkz w‛hnky j‛vcf mklkäyf jf ilhcgdkbfcz j‛hynfcz jhcw lf ghjyf wokz jf zyhmkgw jfjyonvf wokz j‛hybfw µ 5Xvf lh cozf pyëgkwf xvf l‛kczfylogvzfvy jëwkyf nhyjfy l‛hcoc{bhz…Xv‛kl fwz ëzyhcnf xvf lh Ihcxvf hkz ftknë l‛hcoc{bhz, wk lf ivz jf wh jëbhygdf hvpyäwjv ivyfhv jf wëgvykzë ëzhkz jf }ëykmkfy wk Govwwkow hnkwwhkz povy lf gobpzf jf lhGobbkwwkoc 5

Hzzfcjv xvf, wk lh jëmfcjfyfwwf h}hkz lf wovgk jf pyë}fcky l‛vzklkwhzkoc jv w{wzäbfmkchcgkfy hvt mkcw jf ilhcgdkbfcz jf ghpkzhvt, kl fwz wvypyfchcz xv‛fllf hkz gdokwkl‛fbplo{fvy jf Govwwkow, plvzúz xvf lf Phyxvfz, povy gobbvckxvfy wfw gyhkczfw 5Xvf wk lh Ihcxvf c‛h}hkz phw l‛oilknhzkoc lënhlf ov yënlfbfczhkyf jf jëcocgfy hv

Phyxvfz jfw mhkzw jf ilhcgdkbfcz, fllf ëzhkz j‛hvzhcz bokcw avwzkmkëf jf lfw jëcocgfy àl‛fbplo{fvy jf Govwwkow 5

Hzzfcjv phy gocwëxvfcz xvf lh jëmfcjfyfwwf h gobbkw vcf mhvzf fc gobbvckxvhcz àvc zkfyw jfw kcmoybhzkocw xv‛fllf jëzfchkz hv zkzyf jf Ihcxvkfy jf Govwwkow 5 $…+ µ

Oc lf }okz, l‛fbihyyhw jf lh Gobbkwwkoc c‛ëzhkz phw phyzhnë phy lh Ihcxvf fllf"bábfjf}hcz lf Zykivchl jf Gobbfygf jf Iyvtfllfw1 goczyhykhcz lf }ofv jf wfgyfz jf lh

Gobbkwwkoc, lh Ihcxvf cf goczfwzhkz phw vc wfvl kcwzhcz h}oky joccë lfw kcmoybhzkocw,bhkw hv pyëzftzf hiwvyjf jf wkbplfbfcz }ëykmkfy wk lf zyhcwmfyz hccocgë jf :6 bkllkocw jf*VW hv cob jf Bocwkfvy GOVWWKOW, pfywoccf pyk}ëf, ëzhkz vcf opëyhzkoc ### jf l‛Vckocfvyopëfccf ( 5 lfw povywvkzfw jkwgkplkchkyfw wf wocz gocgyëzkwëfw phy jf bvlzkplfwkczfyyonhzokyfw jf Bocwkfvy GOVWWKOW, jfwzkcëw à gf xv‛kl bfvilf lvk"bábf woc pyopyfjowwkfy $fc }kolhzkoc jf woc jyokz hv wklfcgf+ , zhcjkw xvf lfw fcxvázfvyw cf yë}ëlhkfcz ykfcjf lfvyw wovygfw#

Avjkgkfvt hyyáz jf lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Iyvtfllfw ‗ hyyáz jv 8> h}ykl 9009

Lf 9 h}ykl 8;;=, lh Ihcxvf h moybë hppfl# Lf 8> h}ykl 9009, lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Iyvtfllfwh avjkgkfvwfbfcz gocmkybë lf avnfbfcz jocz hppfl fc gf xv‛kl gocwzhzhkz vcf mhvzf jhcw lf

86



gdfm jf lh Ihcxvf xvhcz à lh }kolhzkoc jf woc jf}oky jf jkwgyëzkoc#

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Xvf gobbf lf wovlkncf lf pyfbkfy avnf, lf glkfcz j‛vcf ihcxvf pfvz lënkzkbfbfcz w‛hzzfcjyf à gf xvf gfllf"gk cf jk}vlnvf phw à jfw zkfyw lfw yfcwfkncfbfczw xv‛fllf hyfgvfkllkw wvy lfw opëyhzkocw hvtxvfllfw fllf h ëzë phyzkf#Xvf lf ihcxvkfy jokz nhyjfy lf wfgyfz, zhcz wvy lfw opëyhzkocw zyhkzëfw h}fg woc glkfcz xvf wvy lfw yfcwfkncfbfczw gocmkjfczkflw joccëw phy gflvk"gk fc }vf jf lfvy yëhlkwhzkoc$]hc Ykac fz Dffcfc, Jyokz gobbfygkhl Z# K] p# 707 5 Myfjfykgx, Z# KT, P 867 fz 86: 5

Dfcykoc, lf wfgyfz pyomfwwkoccfl jv ihcxvkfy, p# 70 fz 78+#Xvf lf jf}oky jf jkwgyëzkoc gocwzkzvf vcf pyozfgzkoc hggoyjëf hv glkfcz, xvk wf zyhjvkz

phy vcf kczfyjkgzkoc oppowhilf, ¥ fynh obcfw µ j‛hggëjfy hvt ëlëbfczw gov}fyzw phylf wfgyfz $Yfwpocwhiklkzëw, Zyhkzf zdëoykxvf fz pyhzkxvf, Lh yfwpocwhiklkzë ihcghkyf,Iv{lf fz Gyfplfz Zkzyf KK jowwkfy 99 ikw p# 70+#

Xvf jäw loyw, l‛hppflhczf w‛fwz yfcjvf govphilf j‛vcf }kolhzkoc jf woc jf}oky jfjkwgyëzkoc fc hjyfwwhcz à l‛fbplo{fvy jf woc glkfcz vc goczyhz xvk cf gocgfychkz xvfl‛kczkbë fz vc zkfyw fz jocz lh ihcxvf h}hkz fv gocchkwwhcgf wovw lf wgfhv jv wfgyfz#Xvf lh bhckäyf jocz lh ihcxvf h hlfyzë lf Ivyfhv jf Wëgvykzë, fc wollkgkzhcz l‛hcoc{bhz wvy l‛oyknkcf jf gfw kcjkwgyëzkocw, jëboczyf xv‛fllf cf wf wfczhkz phw wõyfjf woc mhkz 5Xv‛kl cf wf gocîokz phw xvf lh ihcxvf gyëf lf jkwgyëjkz hvt jëpfcw jf woc glkfcz $ Iyvtfllfw, 96 ahc}kfy 8;;0, Yf}# Jy# Gobb#8;;9 p# >8 5 gk}kl Iyvtfl8fw 96 më}ykfy9000, Yf}# Jy# Gobb# 9008 5 p# 4=0+ fc pvilkhcz jfw goyyfwpocjhcgfw xv‛kl lvk h}hkz hjyfwwëfw# Xv‛kl c‛ftkwzhkz hvgvcf pyëwobpzkoc nyh}f, pyëgkwf fz gocgoyjhczf $gobbflf pyëgkwf jf bhckäyf jëzhkllëf lf pyfbkfy avnf fc wh jëgkwkoc+ j‛oû kl wfyhkz yëwvlzë xvf lh ihcxvf govyhkz fllf"bábf lf ykwxvf j‛ázyf bkwf fc ghvwf jhcw lf ghjyf jfl‛hggobplkwwfbfcz j‛vc jëlkz, kl lvk wvmmkwhkz jf yfmvwfy jf yëhlkwfy l‛opëyhzkocfc}kwhnëf#Xvf w‛kl h}hkz jõ yëfllfbfcz ftkwzfy jhcw lf gdfm jf lh ihcxvf vcf gyhkczf wëykfvwf, klhvyhkz ëzë lonkxvf xv‛fllf hlfyzéz lfw hvzoykzëw ihcghkyfw ov avjkgkhkyfw gobpëzfczfw fz coc vc fbplo{fvy phy lf ikhkw j‛vcf jëcocgkhzkoc hcoc{bf#Xvf g‛fwz à ioc jyokz xvf lf pyfbkfy avnf h yfzfcv lh mhvzf jf l‛hppflhczf#

Hzzfcjv xvf lh mhvzf jf l‛hppflhczf fcnhnf wh yfwpocwhiklkzë, ov}yf lf jyokz à l‛kczkbë j‛oizfcky yëphyhzkoc, bo{fcchcz pyfv}f j‛vc jobbhnf fz jv lkfc jf ghvwhlkzë fczyf lhmhvzf fz lf jobbhnf#

Xvf ykfc cf w‛oppowf hgzvfllfbfcz à gf xvf lh Govy ë}oxvf l‛fczkäyfzë jv lkzknf fz wzhzvf wvy lf jobbhnf ë}fczvfl, pvkwxvf lh pyogëjvyf jf}hcz lfw kcwzhcgfwhjbkckwzyhzk}fw jf lh Gobbkwwkoc w‛fwz hgdf}ëf#Xvf lfw jfvt phyzkfw wollkgkzfcz j‛hkllfvyw gfzzf ë}oghzkoc fc plhkjokykfw 5Xvf lfw phyzkfw fz fc phyzkgvlkfy l‛kczkbë cf joccfcz hgzvfllfbfcz hvgvcf pyëgkwkocwvy woc jobbhnf ck wvy lf lkfc ghvwhlkzë, pvkwxvf lf boczhcz yëglhbë wf gocmocj,wfloc lfw ftplkghzkocw jf l‛kczkbë, fc vcf pfyzf jf whlhkyfw#Xvf gf jobbhnf povyyhkz ázyf bhzëykfl fz/ov boyhl#Xvf l‛kczkbë wovdhkzf j‛hkllfvyw lh yëov}fyzvyf jfw jëihzw, wk lh Govy gocmkybhkz lf

avnfbfcz h xvo hv ck}fhv jf lh mhvzf, hmkc jf w‛ftplkxvfy wvy lf jobbhnf fz lf lkfc jfghvwhlkzë#

PHY GFW BOZKMW, LH GOVY,$…+

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Wzhzvhcz goczyhjkgzokyfbfcz, Jëglhyf l‛hppfl coc mocjë fc gf xv‛kl gykzkxvf lh jëgkwkocjv pyfbkfy avnf fc gf xv‛kl h yfzfcv lh mhvzf jf l‛hppflhczf xvhcz à woc jf}oky jgjkwgyëzkoc# F}oxvhcz povy lf wvyplvw, oyjoccf lh yëov}fyzvyf jfw jëihzw hmkc jf

pfybfzzyf hvt phyzkfw jf gocglvyf fz jëihzzyf xvhcz hv jobbhnf ë}fczvfl fz xvhcz hvlkfc jf ghvwhlkzë# $…+ µ#

Govy jf ghwwhzkoc ‗ hyyáz jv 97 h}ykl 900:

Lh Ihcxvf w‛fwz povy}vf fc ghwwhzkoc goczyf l‛hyyáz jf lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Iyvtfllfw jv 8>h}ykl 9009# Phy hyyáz jv 97 h}ykl 900:, lh Govy jf ghwwhzkoc h ghwwë l‛hyyáz hzzhxvë:9, mhkwhcznykfm à gfz hyyáz jf

¥ cf phw h}oky yëpocjv hvt gocglvwkocw jf lh Ihcxvf mhkwhcz }hloky xvf, lh pyo}fchcgf jfw mocjw jocz lf zyhcwmfyz lvk ëzhkz hccocgë phyhkwwhcz jfw plvw wvwpfgzfw,lh Ihcxvf wf jf}hkz, gocmoybëbfcz à jk}fywfw yfgobbhcjhzkocw fc coybfw jf jyokz

kczfycf fz kczfychzkochl, jf pyfcjyf jfw bfwvyfw yhkwocchilfw povy pyë}fcky vcfmyhvjf powwkilf hv pyëavjkgf jf l‛fbplo{fvy jv yfxvëyhcz fz jf jëyonfy hkcwk, jfmhîoc avwzkmkëf, à woc jf}oky jf jkwgyëzkoc µ#

Oy, lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Iyvtfllfw h}hkz ifl fz ikfc yëpocjv à gfzzf oiafgzkoc jf lhIhcxvf fc jkwhcz ftpyfwwëbfcz 1 ¥ $…+Xvf w‛kl h}hkz jõ yëfllfbfcz ftkwzfy jhcw lfgdfm jf lh ihcxvf vcf gyhkczf wëykfvwf, kl hvyhkz ëzë lonkxvf xv‛fllf hlfyzéz lfwhvzoykzëw ihcghkyfw ov avjkgkhkyfw gobpëzfczfw fz coc vc fbplo{fvy phy lf ikhkw j‛vcfjëcocgkhzkoc hcoc{bf# $…+ µ

Lh ghvwf h hloyw ëzë yfc}o{ëf jf}hcz lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw#

Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw ‗ hyyáz jv 9: co}fbiyf 9006

Lf 9: co}fbiyf 9006, lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw h jëglhyë coc mocjëf lh jfbhcjfoyknkchkyf jv yfxvëyhcz, bfzzhcz à cëhcz lf avnfbfcz jv 86 co}fbiyf 8;;6 5 lh Govyj‛hppfl jf Bocw h, fc fmmfz, gocwkjëyë, cozhbbfcz fz fc wviwzhcgf

¥ $…+ Xvf lf jf}oky jf jkwgyëzkoc jv ihcxvkfy gäjf jf}hcz vc kczëyáz ëxvk}hlfcz ovwvpëykfvy, xvf gf wocz lfw Ihcxvfw xvk jok}fcz kjfczkmkfy lfw pyfbkäyfw lfw zyhcwhgzkocw

jovzfvwfw,Xvf lf mocgzkocchkyf jf lh Ihcxvf ëzhkz gdhynë jf pyë}fcky zovzf myhvjf ov zfczhzk}fjf myhvjf ov j‛fwgyoxvfykf,Xv‛kl ëzhkz gocgf}hilf xvf lh Gobbkwwkoc fvyopëfccf mõz fllf"bábf }kgzkbf jfl‛opëyhzkoc,Xvf lf yfxvëyhcz phyhkwwhkz ázyf l‛hvzfvy ov lf gobplkgf jf l‛opëyhzkoc kllkgkzf,xvf wk lf yfxvëyhcz c‛fwz phw gobplkgf, oc wf jfbhcjf povyxvok lfw fwgyogw cknëykhcwhvyhkfcz pykw jkyfgzfbfcz goczhgz h}fg wh Ihcxvf, xvf yfxvëyhcz cf jf}hkz phwgocwvlzfy wh Ihcxvf w‛kl hzzfcjhkz vcf wobbf jf 70#000 VW * bhkw ikfc w‛kl w‛hnkwwhkz jf :6 bkllkocw VW *,Xvf lh ihlhcgf jfw kczëyázw fc pyëwfcgf avwzkmkhkz l‛hzzkzvjf jf lh Ihcxvf, lhxvfllf ëzhkz

mocjëf à }ëykmkfy l‛kjfczkzë jfw pfywoccfw gocgfycëfw,:9 Iyvtfllfw, 8> h}ykl 9009

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Xvf lh Ihcxvf h jocg pykw vcf bfwvyf yhkwocchilf fc goczhgzhcz lf Ivyfhv jfwëgvykzë jf lh Gobbkwwkoc fvyopëfccf, hvzoykzë xvk h pv yhkwocchilfbfcz fc}kwhnfyvc ¥ ilhcgdkbfcz µ $…+# µ

L‛hyyáz jf lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw, fc }kolhzkoc jf l‛hyzkglf = jf lh Goc}fczkoc, pyëavnf

jf lh gvlphiklkzë jf B # GOVWWKOW, yfc}fywf lh gdhynf jf lh pyfv}f fz powf povy gfyzkzvjf

¥ $…+ Xvf l‛oc cf pfvz coc plvw yhkwocchilfbfcz gocgf}oky:7 xvf l‛kczkbë UB#GOVWWKOWR, phy d{pozdäwf }kgzkbf jf wfw kczfylogvzfvyw cknëykhcw, hkz pykwgoczhgz h}fg l‛hppflhczf Ulh IhcxvfR phy zëlëpdocf, hpyäw lh gobbvckghzkoc jf gfgoczyhz fz jfw xvfwzkocw { yflhzk}fw, povy w‛fcxvëyky, jv ioc jëyovlfbfcz jfwopëyhzkocw jf phkfbfcz 5 xv‛fc fmmfz, wk lh }oloczë yëfllf jf l‛kczkbë h}hkz ëzë,gobbf kl lf pyëzfcj hgzvfllfbfcz, jf zyhcwmëyfy vc boczhcz jf 70#000 VW *, klc‛ëzhkz phw cëgfwwhkyf jf gocwvlzfy l‛hppflhczf wvy lh jogvbfczhzkoc xvk lvk ëzhkz vzklf povy hggfpzfy vcf zfllf fczyëf jf mocjw jocz lf boczhcz fwz myëxvfbbfcz yfcgoczyë jhcw lh }kf jfw hmmhkyfw, hloyw xv‛vcf zfllf gocwvlzhzkoc ëzhkz fc yf}hcgdf

kcjkwpfcwhilf povy vc boczhcz hvwwk ëcoybf xvf :6#000#000 vw * 5# xv‛ov ikfcl‛kczkbë jf}hkz fmmfgzk}fbfcz yfgf}oky :6#000#000 VW *, ov ikfc wf jëyovlhkz vcffwgyoxvfykf ¥ :8; µ , bhkw gfllf"gk wvppowf cëgfwwhkyfbfcz l‛hggoyj jf lh }kgzkbf

povy ¥ ilhcgdky µ jf l‛hynfcz, wokz fc l‛oggvyyfcgf vcf phyzkgkphzkoc jf l‛kczkbë $…+ µ,

Govy jf ghwwhzkoc ‗ hyyáz jv 9 co}fbiyf 900>

Lf 98 h}ykl 900=, bhkw fc }hkc, lf yfxvëyhcz w‛fwz à woc zovy povy}v fc ghwwhzkoc goczyfl‛hyyáz jf lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw jv 9: co}fbiyf 9006# Kl kc}oxvhkz vcf }kolhzkoc jfl‛hyzkglf = jf lh Goc}fczkoc fc gf xvf lh Govy j‛hppfl h}hkz powë fc gfyzkzvjf jfw ëlëbfczwwvppowëw à gdhynf jv yfxvëyhcz, hloyw xvf, gf jkwhcz, lh Govy j‛hppfl hllhkz hv"jflà jvwovpîoc fz kbpvzhkz hv jfbhcjfvy GOVWWKOW vcf zfczhzk}f j‛fwgyoxvfykf ov, à zovz lfbokcw, vcf opëyhzkoc kllkgkzf jf ilhcgdkbfcz, zovw mhkzw gocwzkzvzkmw j‛kcmyhgzkoc nyh}f joczkl fwz kccogfcz fz xvk c‛ocz ahbhkw fczyhãcë jf gocjhbchzkoc pëchlf, ck bábf jfpovywvkzfw (

Kl kc}oxvhkz ënhlfbfcz xvf lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw c‛h}hkz phw yëpocjv hjëxvhzfbfczhvt bo{fcw jë}floppëw phy lvk à wh}oky, fc w{czdäwf 1

¾

Xvf lfw kczfylogvzfvyw cknëykhcw h}hkz, à l‛kcwv jv yfxvëyhcz, ëgykz à lh Ihcxvf fchccocîhcz vc zyhcwmfyz jf :6 bkllkocw jf VW * hv lkfv jf 70#000 5¾ Xvf lf yfxvëyhcz hccvlh l‛opëyhzkoc wkzúz xv‛kl fc fõz gocchkwwhcgf 5¾ Xvf lh Ihcxvf }kolf lh pyëwobpzkoc j‛kccogfcgf fc ëgyk}hcz xvf ¥ l‛kczkbë h gobbkw

lfw mhkzw µ, hloyw xvf lf yfxvëyhcz c‛h ëzë ck gocjhbcë ck bábf povywvk}k povyzfczhzk}f jf ilhcgdkbfcz 5

¾ Xvf lh Ihcxvf vwf j‛vc pyëzftzf hiwvyjf fc pyëzfcjhcz h}oky }ovlv wkbplfbfcz}ëykmkfy w‛kl w‛hnkwwhkz j‛vcf opëyhzkoc j‛ l‛Vckoc fvyopëfccf 5

¾ Xvf, lf 7 avkllfz 8;;9, ëzhcz kcmoybë jv gdkmmyf jf :9 bkllkocw jf VW *,, lf yfxvëyhczpykz l‛kckzkhzk}f jf jfbhcjfy xvf l‛opëyhzkoc cf wf yëhlkwf phw, pyëgkwhcz xv‛kl c‛h}hkz

ahbhkw wkcnë vc goczyhz poyzhcz wvy gfzzf wobbf 5

¾Xvf l‛kcjkwgyëzkoc jf lh Ihcxvf ëzhkz gobbkwf h}hcz xvf l‛opëyhzkoc wokz kczfyjkzf phy

:7 G‛fwz lf yfxvëyhcz xvk wovlkncf#

84



lfw wfy}kgfw gfczyhvt 5 xvf wk lh Ihcxvf cf jf}hkz phw jëcocgfy lfw mhkzw hv Phyxvfz,fllf c‛ëzhkz phw hvzoykwëf à lfw jë}oklfy à l‛fbplo{fvy jv yfxvëyhcz 5

¾ Xvf lh jëcocgkhzkoc, hcoc{bf, jf lh Ihcxvf gocwzkzvhkz vc }kol jf lh pyëwobpzkocj‛kccogfcgf, lf ghwkfy avjkgkhkyf jv yfxvëyhcz ëzhcz zovaovyw }kfynf 5

¾ Xv‛hv jfbfvyhcz l‛fwgyoxvfykf cf bfchîhkz xvf lf yfxvëyhcz, à l‛ftglvwkoc jf lh

ihcxvf 5¾ Xv‛kl c‛{ h}hkz phw jf lkfc fczyf gfzzf fwgyoxvfykf fz lfw mocgzkocw jv yfxvëyhcz à lh

Gobbkwwkoc fvyopëfccf 5¾ Xvf phy woc kcjkwgyëzkoc, lh Ihcxvf h jëcocgë lf yfxvëyhcz hvpyäw jf woc fbplo{fvy,

whcw kczfyyonfy gflvk"gk fz whcw h}fyzky lfw hvzoykzëw avjkgkhkyfw gobpëzfczfw 5¾ Xvf lh Ihcxvf h, à zoyz, joccë lh pykoykzë à vcf opëyhzkoc ihwwf polkgf jhcw lf bëpykw

zozhl jfw jyokzw jf lh jëmfcwf 5¾ Xvf lh Ihcxvf wf goczyfjkwhkz, wovzfchcz à lh mokw xvf l‛opëyhzkoc ëzhkz

¥ bhckmfwzfbfcz kllkgkzf µ, xvf lf yfxvëyhcz ¥ phyhkwwhkz µ hvzfvy ov gobplkgf, fz xv‛klhvyhkz phyzkgkpë ¥ wgkfbbfcz µ à vcf opëyhzkoc kllkgkzf5

¾ Xvf lh Ihcxvf cf pov}hkz phw wvwpfgzfy vc wfvl kcwzhcz xv‛kl w‛hnkyhkz j‛vcf opëyhzkoc

jf lh Gobbkwwkoc ov xv‛fllf fc wfyhkz, fllf, lh }kgzkbf#

Lf 9 co}fbiyf 900>, lh Govy jf ghwwhzkoc h lhgockxvfbfcz yfafzë lf povy}ok jv yfxvëyhcz#

Fpvkwfbfcz jfw }okfw jf yfgovyw kczfycfw

Gf jfyckfy h jocg ëpvkwë zovzfw lfw }okfw jf yfgovyw kczfycfw# Lh Govy jf ghwwhzkoc h avnëxvf lf yfxvëyhcz c‛hvyhkz phw pyëgkwë fc xvok l‛hyzkglf = jf lh Goc}fczkoc fvyopëfccf jfwJyokzw jf l‛Dobbf fz plvw pyëgkwëbfcz lh pyëwobpzkoc j‛kccogfcgf hvyhkfcz ëzë }kolëw# Lfyfxvëyhcz h}hkz gfpfcjhcz glhkyfbfcz ftpowë xv‛kl mhkwhkz nykfm à l‛hyyáz jf lh Govy j‛hppfljf Bocw jf l‛h}oky gocwkjëyë gobbf govphilf fc lvk kbpvzhcz h}fg gfyzkzvjf vcfopëyhzkoc kllkgkzf jocz kl fwz kccogfcz# Povy lf yfwzf, lh Govy jf ghwwhzkoc h fwzkbë¥ wov}fyhkcfbfcz µ xvf lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw h}hkz hjëxvhzfbfcz yëpocjv hvt bo{fcwjë}floppëw fc gocglvwkocw phy lf yfxvëyhcz#

G‛fwz povyxvok lf yfxvëyhcz wf povy}okz kgk jf}hcz lh Govy fvyopëfccf jfw Jyokzw jfl‛Dobbf#

K]# FTPOWF YFLHZKM HVT PYFWGYKPZKOCW JF L‛HYZKGLF 86 ! 8fy

JF LHGOC]FCZKOC

8=# Jëgkwkoc kczfycf jëmkckzk}f 1 l‛hyyáz jf lh Govy jf ghwwhzkoc jf Iflnkxvf yfcjv lf 9co}fbiyf 900>, gocwzkzvhcz l‛ëpvkwfbfcz jf zovzfw lfw }okfw jf yfgovyw kczfycfw

Moybëf jhcw lf jëlhk jf = bokw à jhzfy jv 9 co}fbiyf 900>, lh pyëwfczf yfxvázf fwz yfgf}hilf#

8># Jëgkwkoc jf mocj hzzhxvëf 1 l‛hyyáz jf lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw yfcjv lf 9: co}fbiyf9006#

8;



84# Jkwpowf"z"oc j‛vc yfgovyw xvk c‛h phw ëzë ftfygë ? ‗ Coc#

]# FTPOWF JF L‛OIAFZ JF LH YFXVFZF FZ PYFZFCZKOCW PYK]KWOKYFWPOVY VCF WHZKWMHGZKOC FXVKZHILF

8;# Lf yfxvëyhcz jfbhcjf yfwpfgzvfvwfbfcz à lh Govy fvyopëfccf jfw Jyokzw jfl‛Dobbf xv‛kl Lvk plhkwf jëglhyfy lh pyëwfczf yfxvázf yfgf}hilf fz mocjëf, gocwzhzfylh }kolhzkoc jfw hyzkglfw = phy#8, = phy#9, = phy#7, 4 fz 87 jf lh Goc}fczkoc, jkyf povyjyokz xvf lh Iflnkxvf jokz fmmhgfy lfw gocwëxvfcgfw jfw }kolhzkocw gocwzhzëfw fz, gfmhkwhcz, bfzzyf à cëhcz l‛hyyáz jf lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw pyococgë lf 9: co}fbiyf9006 fz kc}kzfy lh Iflnkxvf à hllovfy hv yfxvëyhcz hv zkzyf jf pyo}kwkoc wvy kcjfbckzëwvcf wobbf jf >60#000 € fz joccfy hgzf hv yfxvëyhcz jf wfw yëwfy}fw xvhcz hvwvyplvw#

F]HLVHZKOC JV JOBBHNF

Gf jobbhnf fwz gocmoyzë jv mhkz xvf lf yfxvëyhcz c‛h phw oizfcv nhkc jf ghvwf jf}hcz lhGovy jfw Gobbvchvzëw5 xvf lf yfxvëyhcz ëpyov}f vc jobbhnf bhafvy povy lh pfyzf jf whwkzvhzkoc fz lfw gocwëxvfcgfw jkyfgzfw jf gf jyhbf5

Xvhcz hv pyëavjkgf bhzëykfl jf B# GOVWWKOW

jfpvkw wh yë}oghzkoc avwxv‛à l‛ëgdëhcgf jf wh bkwf à lh pfcwkoc $=6 hcw+

W‛kl c‛h}hkz phw ëzë yë}oxvë kyyënvlkäyfbfcz, lf yfxvëyhcz oyknkchkyf, kczkbë, hvyhkz pfyîv vczyhkzfbfcz cfz bfcwvfl jf ;#444,06 € avwxv‛hv 70 avkc 9007, jhzf coybhlf jf wh yfzyhkzf5 lfyfxvëyhcz c‛h pfyîv xv‛vcf pfcwkoc lkbkzëf fz cf pfygf}yh cfz fc yëhlkzë avwxv‛à wfw =6 hcwxvf::

jv 08/89/8;;7 hv 78/89/8;;4 =8 bokw 7#7>:,0; € /bokwjv 08/08/8;;; hv 70/0:/9009 :0 bokw 7#=47,69 € /bokw5jv 08/06/9009 hv 70 avkc 9007 8: bokw 7#=47,69 €/bokw

Xvf lf pyëavjkgf wvik, phy jkmmëyfcgf, fwz jocg

jv 08/89/8;;7 hv 78/89/8;;4 vc zozhl jf 7;>#768,6= €jv 08/08/8;;; hv 70/0:/9009 vc zozhl jf 9=0#664,:0 €jv 08/06/9009 hv 70 avkc 9007 vc zozhl jf ;8,8;6,:: €pyëavjkgf fc pykcgkphl avwxv‛à l‛énf jf lh pfcwkoc >:;#806,:0 €

Gdhxvf ëgdëhcgf bfcwvfllf jfpvkw lf 08/89/8;;7 poyzf vc kczëyáz boyhzokyf hv zhvt lënhlwvy lf bhcxvf à nhncfy avwxv‛hv phkfbfcz5

I# hpyäw wfw =6 hcw

:: Hzzfwzhzkoc jf lh Gobbkwwkoc jv 8; avkc 9009

¾

90



W‛kl c‛h}hkz phw ëzë yë}oxvë kyyënvlkäyfbfcz, lf yfxvëyhcz hvyhkz pfyîv vcf pfcwkocghlgvlëf à >0& jf woc zyhkzfbfcz jf ihwf cfz coybhl bfcwvfl wokz ;#444,06 € t >0& 2=#;98,=7 €, hloyw xvf wh pfcwkoc c‛fwz xvf jf 7#47>,;7 €, gf xvk lhkwwf vc pyëavjkgfbfcwvfl jf 7#047,>0 €5 xvf gf pyëavjkgf fwz pyë}kwkilf povy wh wvy}kf coybhlf à jhzfy jfwfw =6 hcw $8fy avkllfz 9007+ wokz jvyhcz 89,:: hccëfw, wokz :::#069,40 €5

Gdhxvf ëgdëhcgf bfcwvfllf jfpvkw lf 08/0>/9007, lfcjfbhkc jfw =6 hcw jv yfxvëyhcz,poyzfyh lf ghw ëgdëhcz vc kczëyáz boyhzokyf hv zhvt lënhl wvy lf bhcxvf à nhncfy avwxv‛hvphkfbfcz5

PYFAVJKGF BOYHL

Lf yfxvëyhcz h pfyjv vcf dhvzf wkzvhzkoc phy lh mhvzf jf lh Ihcxvf wogkëzë hcoc{bfMOYZKW IHCXVF, ëzhcz phy woc kcjkwgyëzkoc govphilf plocnë jhcw lh wvwpkgkoc mhzhlfj‛ h}oky gobbkw jfw hgzfw nyh}fw, fc l‛fwpägf j‛h}oky phyzkgkpë à vcf myhvjf kczfychzkochlf

poyzhcz wvy jfw bkllkocw jf jollhyw, fz j‛h}oky phyzkgkpë ov zfczë jf phyzkgkpfy hvilhcgdkbfcz ë}fczvfl jf mocjw pyo}fchcz jf zyhmkgw jf jyonvf ov j‛hybfw5 lfw wvwpkgkocwjf lh Ihcxvf ocz pyo}oxvë wh yë}oghzkoc hloyw xv‛kl c‛h}hkz mhkz l‛oiafz j‛hvgvcfkcwzyvgzkoc pëchlf ck bábf j‛vcf kcmoybhzkoc jv Phyxvfz, lfxvfl c‛h}hkz phw ëzë whkwk fzc‛h ahbhkw jëgkjë j‛ov}yky bábf vcf kcwzyvgzkoc, hloyw xvf lfw mhkzw wocz goccvw à zovw lfwëzhnfw jf lh dkëyhygdkf avjkgkhkyf5 kl c‛h ë}kjfbbfcz phw lf bokcjyf ghwkfy avjkgkhkyf5 lfwkckzkhzk}fw mvyzk}fw bhkw pëyfbpzokyfw jf lh wogkëzë hcoc{bf MOYZKW IHCXVF ocz gyëëvc zfl ëzhz jf yvpzvyf jf gocmkhcgf xvf lh yë}oghzkoc jv yfxvëyhcz w‛fc fwz wvk}kf, bábf wklfw wovpîocw cf mvyfcz cvllfbfcz ëzh{ëw5 lh pyëwobpzkoc j‛kccogfcgf h ëzë ihmovëf5 lhjëcocgkhzkoc kcjkwgyäzf jf lh wogkëzë hcoc{bf MOYZKW IHCXVF mvz bábf hcoc{bf, gfxvk cf lvk pfybkz phw jf wf jëmfcjyf5 lf yfxvëyhcz h pfyjv lh gocwkjëyhzkoc jf wfw gollänvfw,jf wfw hbkw, fz wf }kz kczfyjkyf l‛hggäw jf wfw lkfvt jf zyh}hkl5 woc yfglhwwfbfcz, à woc énf,fc jëpkz jf woc jogzoyhz fc wgkfcgfw fz jf wh ghyykäyf pyomfwwkoccfllf avwxvf là iykllhczf, fwzkbpowwkilf jhcw jf zfllfw gocjkzkocw5 lfw wovmmyhcgfw ocz ëzë ëzfcjvfw à l‛ëpovwf fz hv mklwjv yfxvëyhcz, hloyw ëzvjkhcz5 xv‛vc zfl pyëavjkgf cf pfvz ázyf avwzfbfcz yëphyë xvf phy vcfkcjfbckzë jf 600#000 €5

Yëghpkzvlhzkoc

pyëavjkgf fc pykcgkphl avwxv‛à l‛énf jf lh pfcwkoc >:;#806,:0 €

à jhzfy jf wfw =6 hcw wokz jvyhcz 89,:: hccëfw, wokz :::#069,40 €kcjfbckzë jf 600#000,00 €

zozhl fc pykcgkphl 8#=;7#864,90 €

Kl goc}kfcz jf bfzzyf à gdhynf jf lh wogkëzë hcoc{bf MOYZKW IHCXVF zovzf gdhynfmkwghlf xvk hmmfgzfyhkz, lf ghw ëgdëhcz, lfw kcjfbckzëw hllovëfw5 fc fmmfz, lfw zyhkzfbfczw fcxvfwzkoc hvyhkfcz ëzë pyo bëykzëw cfzw j‛kbpúz à yhkwoc jv wzhzvz jf mocgzkocchkyf fvyopëfcjv yfxvëyhcz#

98



]K# HVZYFW KCWZHCGFW KCWZHCGFW KCZFYCHZKOCHLFW H[HCZ ZYHKZF JFL‛HMMHKYF

Lf Zykivchl fz lh Govy jfw Gobbvchvzëw fvyopëfccfw#

]KK# PKFGFW HCCFTFFW

8# Hwwknchzkoc lhcgëf phy Govwwkow g/ lh W#H# Nfcfyhlf jf Ihcxvf jf}hcz lf Zykivchl jf Gobbfygf jf

Iyvtfllfw

9# Gdyocolonkf nëcëyhlf jfw ë}ëcfbfczw

7# Goczyhz Mëjëyhl Gk}kl H}khzkoc Cknfykh fz Govwwkow h}fg lfzzyf j.hggobphncfbfcz

:# Cozf Gobbkwwkoc jv = avkllfz 8;;9

6# Cozf Gobbkwwkoc jv ; avkllfz 8;;9

=# Gobpzf"yfcjv j.fczyfzkfc Gobbkwwkoc 9; avkllfz ;9

># Gobpzf"yfcjv j.fczyfzkfc Gobbkwwkoc 99 @vkllfz ;9

4# Gobpzf"yfcjv j.fczyfzkfc Gobbkwwkoc 8> avkllfz ;9

;# Gobpzf"yfcjv j.fczyfzkfc Gobbkwwkoc 9; avkllfz ;9

80# Gobpzf"yfcjv j.fczyfzkfc Gobbkwwkoc 78 avkllfz ;9

88# Cozf Gobbkwwkoc > wfpzfbiyf ;9

89# Cozf Gobbkwwkoc 4 ogzoiyf ;9

87# Gobpzf"yfcjv j.hvjkzkoc à lh Gobbkwwkoc 8= ogzoiyf ;9

8:# Cozf jf Bocwkfvy Govwwkow

86# Cozf Gobbkwwkoc 9= ogzoiyf ;9

8=# Hggvwë jf yëgfpzkoc jf lh Gobbkwwkoc 9= ogzoiyf ;9

8># Gobpzf"yfcjv j.hvjkzkoc jf Govwwkow 8= ogzoiyf ;9

84# Jogvbfcz kczfycf Jotkhjkw 6 ahc}kfy 8;;7

8;# Cozf Gobbkwwkoc 9: bhyw 8;;7

90# Cozf Gobbkwwkoc 97 h}ykl ;7

98# Cozf Gobbkwwkoc 9= h}ykl ;7

99



99# Yhppoyz jv Gocwfkl jf jkwgkplkcf jv = avkllfz 8;;7

97# Cozkmkghzkoc jf l.h}kw bozk}f

9:# Oiwfy}hzkocw phy Govwwkow wvy l.h}kw jv Gocwfkl

96# Cozf jf By Govwwkow jv 8: avkllfz 8;;7 à l.hzzfczkoc jf Bocwkfvy Myhcw Jf Eowzfy

9=# Nëcëyhlf jf Ihcxvf lfy ogzoiyf"8;;7

9># Lfzzyf Bf Lovkw à Nëcëyhlf jf Ihcxvf lfy ogzoiyf ;7

94# Hzzfwzhzkoc Ozzhzk Bkgdflf : ogzoiyf ;7

9;# Yëpocwf jf lh Nëcëyhlf jf Ihcxvf hvt xvfwzkocw jf Bf Lovkw 87 ogzoiyf 8;;7

70# Hyzkglf jf pyfwwf Lh Lkiyf Iflnkxvf 97 ahc}kfy 8;;7

78# Lfzzyf Bf Lovkw à Nëcëyhlf jf Ihcxvf 99 ogzoiyf ;7

79# Jëgkwkoc jv jkyfgzfvy nëcëyhl jv pfywoccfl fz jf l.hjbkckwzyhzkoc : ogzoiyf 8;;7

77# Cozf Gobbkwwkoc 6 ogzoiyf 8;;7

7:# Oiwfy}hzkocw Govwwkow

76# Lfzzyf Govwwkow hv pyëwkjfcz jf lh Gobbkwwkoc 98 co}fbiyf 8;;7

7=# Yëglhbhzkoc jf Bocwkfvy Govwwkow 9> jëgfbiyf 8;;7

7> # Cozkmkghzkoc phy lh Gobbkwwkoc jv yfafz jf lh yëglhbhzkoc 7 bhk 8;;:

74# Cozf Gobbkwwkoc jv 6 bhk 8;;:

7;# Yfxvázf jf Bocwkfvy Govwwkow g/ Gobbkwwkoc GFF

:0# Wknckmkghzkoc jv avnfbfcz h xvo $4 bhyw 8;;=+

:8# Hgzf j‛hppfl $9 h}ykl 8;;=+

:9# Hyyáz jv Zykivchl jfw Gobbvchvzëw fvyopëfccfw $86 bhk 8;;>+

:7# Cozkmkghzkoc jf gfz hyyáz à B# Govwwkow $86 bhk 8;;>+

::# Yfxvázf j‛hppfl jf B# Govwwkow à lh Govy jf Avwzkgf jfw Gobbvchvzëw $; avkllfz 8;;>+

:6# Hggvwë jf yëgfpzkoc jv nyfmmkfy jf lh Govy jf Avwzkgf1 lf povy}ok h ëzë jëpowë lf 88 avkllfz 8;;>#

:=# Avykwpyvjfcgf wvy lf wfgyfz ihcghkyf

:># Oyjocchcgf jf lh Govy jf Avwzkgf jfw Gobbvchvzëw Fvyopëfccfw $7äbf gdhbiyf+ jv 8= avkllfz 8;;4

Pkägfw gobplëbfczhkyfw xvhcz hv jobbhnf

:4# Lfzzyf jv 8; avkc 9009 jf lh Gobbkwwkoc Fvyopëfccf à Bf T# Bhncëf

:;# Ghlgvl jf lh pfcwkoc }fywëf fmmfgzk}fbfcz

97



60# Yëbvcëyhzkoc coybhlf

68# Ghlgvl cfz jf lh yëbvcëyhzkoc coybhlf

69# Gobpowkzkoc jf lh yëbvcëyhzkoc

67# Pfcwkoc fmmfgzk}fbfcz pfyîvf

6:# 797#90= M#I# Yëbvcëyhzkoc h}hcz l‛ftglvwkoc

Pyogëjvyf iflnf

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66# Gocglvwkocw jfw phyzkfw fz avnfbfcz jv Zykivchl jv Gobbfygf jf Iyvtfllfw jv 86 co}fbiyf 8;;6

6=# Gocglvwkocw jfw phyzkfw fz hyyáz jf lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Iyvtfllfw jv 8> h}ykl 9009

6># Hyyáz jf lh Govy jf ghwwhzkoc jv 97 h}ykl 900:

64# Gocglvwkocw jfw phyzkfw fz hyyáz jf lh Govy j‛hppfl jf Bocw jv 9: co}fbiyf 9006

6;# Yfgovyw fc ghwwhzkoc jf B# Govwwkow fz hyyáz jf lh Govy jf ghwwhzkoc jv 9 co}fbiyf 900>

9:

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