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Patent information
Schlumberger ECLIPSE reservoir simulation software is protected by US Patents 6,018,497, 6,078,869 and 6,106,561, and UK Patents
GB 2,326,747 B and GB 2,336,008 B. Patents pending. Schlumberger FrontSim reservoir simulation software is protected by US Patent
2004/0015295A1.
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8/21/2019 Eclipse Schlumberger
Welcome to Schedule, a petroleum engineering software application from ECLIPSE Suite.
Schedule is an interactive program for preparing, validating and integrating production and
completion data for use in a reservoir simulator. The software helps the engineer translate the
real-world information into a format that can be readily used by simulators. It is an integrated
application for Windows and UNIX platforms.
Starting Schedule .................................................................................................................................................................15
Interactive data editing and validation...................................................................................................................................41
Importing a SCHEDULE section from ECLIPSE data files .................................................................................................128
Creating and editing a multi-lateral multi-segment well model............................................................................................135
Chapter 5 - Reference Section..................................................................................................... 165
Grid intersection with deviation survey ...............................................................................................................................280
Well event file format ..........................................................................................................................................................309
Appendix C - Sources and combinations of grid, property and well data files ...................... 315
Introduction......... ...............................................................................................................................................................315
Grid file format and contents ..............................................................................................................................................328
Tubing description file format..............................................................................................................................................333
Introduction......... ...............................................................................................................................................................353
Introduction......... ...............................................................................................................................................................361
Introduction......... ...............................................................................................................................................................371
Converting 96A projects to 98B..........................................................................................................................................374
Figure 4.2 ........... The Completion/Event graph for well P2 ................................................................................................26
Figure 4.3 ........... Default 3D well display............................................................................................................................33
Figure 4.4 ........... Incompatible grouping structure in the Control Network window ............................................................44 Figure 4.5 ........... Splitting the Control Network and hiding part of the hierarchy ................................................................46
Figure 4.6 ........... Production data graph of oil, water and gas rates ..................................................................................55
Figure 4.7 ........... Averages superimposed on the production data graph ..........................................................................56
Figure 4.8 ........... Cumulatives plotted on the production data graph .................................................................................57
Figure 4.9 ........... Overlaid production data.........................................................................................................................59
Figure 4.11 ......... Edit well trajectory on 3D Viewer ............................................................................................................65
Figure 4.12 ......... Alias list window......................................................................................................................................78
Figure 4.16 ......... Example using Schedule for quality control ............................................................................................92
Figure 4.17 ......... Control network for prediction run...........................................................................................................96
Figure 4.18 ......... Control network for examples ...............................................................................................................100 Figure 4.19 ......... A Definition Data file .............................................................................................................................122
Figure 4.20 ......... Well trajectory on 3D Viewer.................................................................................................................141
Figure 4.21 ......... Time framework settings.......................................................................................................................144
Figure 4.23 ......... Schematic of the complex multi-segment well ......................................................................................157
Figure 4.24 ......... Control Network of ECLIPSE wells .......................................................................................................158
Figure 4.25 ......... Multi-segment wells in the 3D Viewer ...................................................................................................161
Figure 5.1 ........... Example plot .........................................................................................................................................192
Figure 5.5 ........... Edit Table..............................................................................................................................................229
Figure 5.10 ......... The Animate Time Options panel .........................................................................................................239
Figure 5.11 ......... Normalization panel .............................................................................................................................239
Figure 5.13 ......... Lighting panel........................................................................................................................................242
Figure 5.18 ......... Real Threshold panel............................................................................................................................248
Figure 5.21 ......... VOI Grid Cells panel .............................................................................................................................251
Figure 5.22 ......... VOI Domain Selection panel.................................................................................................................252
Figure 5.23 ......... Create VOI From Boundary panel ........................................................................................................253
Figure 5.24 ......... The Cell Face Selection panel ..............................................................................................................254
Figure 5.25 ......... Wells panel ...........................................................................................................................................255
Figure 5.29 ......... Axes panel ............................................................................................................................................262
Figure 6.1 .......... A bilinear surface..................................................................................................................................280
Figure 6.2 .......... Simple shift of three events to layer Sand_1 ........................................................................................282
Figure 6.3 .......... Relative shift of two events to layer Sand_1.........................................................................................282
Figure 6.4 .......... Linear scaling shift of three events to layer Sand_1 .............................................................................283
Figure C.1 .......... Meanings of the MAPAXES keyword entries........................................................................................329
Figure C.2 .......... Meanings of default values of MAPAXES keyword ..............................................................................330
Figure D.1 .......... Default Eclipse Options settings...........................................................................................................336 Figure D.2 .......... Well position leading to a perforation percentage greater than 100% ..................................................338
Table 4.2 Simulation Time Framework panel with the date added ..........................................................................53
Table 4.3 FIELD KEYWORDS list .........................................................................................................................105
Table 5.1 Multi-segment data table contents .........................................................................................................217 Table 5.2 Configuration file settings.......................................................................................................................227
Table A.4 Production field keywords......................................................................................................................297
Table A.6 Gas injection field keywords ..................................................................................................................300
Table A.7 Water injection field keywords ...............................................................................................................300
Table A.8 Rate units used by the Metric and Field unit sets ..................................................................................302
Table B.1 Event file UNITS keywords ....................................................................................................................307 Table B.2 Recognized event file length UNITS (units) ...........................................................................................307
Table B.3 Recognized event file pressure UNITS (units) .......................................................................................308
Table B.4 Event names and associated event related data ...................................................................................309
Table D.1 Possible combinations of CF, kh and Skin.............................................................................................341
Table G.1 SUBSECT GS keywords........................................................................................................................365
Table G.2 SUBSECT VG keywords........................................................................................................................365
Developments
Schedule is an interactive program for preparing, validating and integrating production and
completion data for use in a reservoir simulator.
Schedule imports production data from ASCII files (including Production Analyst and
OilField Manager format, and the Finder Schedule-Loader files). You can, also, easily create
this format from any database or spreadsheet. Schedule uses this data to generate production
control keywords for the simulator.
The program has graphic display features which simplify the validating and averaging of
production data. In addition, Schedule automatically calculates correctly averaged production
volumes for models with regular or irregular time steps. You may select these time steps or they can be read in from a file describing reservoir events.
Schedule handles all the main categories of production data necessary for simulation
Schedule. These may take the form of well deviation surveys, historical production and
injection volumes, and completion data, such as those obtained from workover operations. The
software helps translate the real-world information into a format that can be readily used by
ECLIPSE and other simulators.
Schedule reduces the time needed to generate simulation model input files. You can now enter,
in a matter of hours, information about a field's history, which used to take days to prepare. In
addition, if a model is re-gridded, or a new time step sequence is selected, Schedule can easily
calculate the new production rates and well connection data.
Overview
Flexible time step selection
Simulation well rates can be calculated from imported oil, water and gas production volumes
based on any user-defined timestep framework. This framework can be generated from a
combination of specific events and regularly spaced time steps, rules for which can be varied
throughout the run. For example, you can opt to model the early production, when data quality may be poor, using 6 monthly time steps. More recent production history may then be modeled
monthly. You can also generate additional timestep to model specific well operations, such as
workovers. This can help to reduce the simulation run time and ensure that specific events are
modeled more accurately.
Automatic calculation of well completion data
Schedule input data is typically in the form of deviation surveys and completion data which are
specified in terms of measured depth. Schedule combines this information with grid geometry
and property data to calculate parameters defining how well completions are connected to the
grid. Schedule
calculates cell intersections with each deviation survey as a function of
measured depth.
Once this information is calculated, you can specify or import events, such as perforations and
workovers in terms of measured depth. Schedule maps these events to the appropriate grid cell
and generate the connection parameters for the simulator. In the process, Schedule takes into
account corrections for partial penetrations and well deviation, and allows for damage skin. If a
well has multiple perforations within a single grid cell, Schedule generates a single equivalent
perforation for that cell.
Schedule offers advanced point-and-click data grouping facilities. You can interactively construct hierarchical groups of wells and sub-groups. Schedule automatically calculates an
aggregate view of production data for one well, a single group, or the entire field. In addition,
you have at your disposal the full range of graphical handling features of Schedule that make
data display and editing extremely simple. Data can be superimposed, for comparison, by
clicking and dragging, and calculated properties such as GORs and watercuts are available for
any level in the data hierarchy. A range of layout and hard-copy output facilities are also
included.
Support for prediction cases
Schedule supports the creation of new wells and groups, the switching of wells between groups
and the placing of wells in a grid based on their IJK location. Powerful macro facilities exist to
facilitate entering prediction control information where controls may need to be duplicated or
shared between multiple wells or groups.
Features
• Cross-platform support - from UNIX/Motif work stations, to PCs running Windows, NT
and Windows 95.
• Link to Finder for production data, well events and well deviation data. • Link to Production Analyst and OilField Manager for production data.
• Creates complete SCHEDULE section for reservoir simulators (such as the ECLIPSE
family of reservoir simulators). The Schedule keyword classes are designed in such a way
that they can be replaced by keyword classes for different simulators.
• Graphical creation of group hierarchies from imported well data.
• Graphical and tabular display of well data for any level of the hierarchy.
• Zooming, panning, and editing operations on multiple simultaneous graphical and tabular
displays, and superimposition of additional data by dragging and dropping.
• Graph of GOR and water cut available for any level of the hierarchy.
• Simulation well rates can be calculated based on any user-defined flexible time step framework.
• Time step framework can be generated from specific events and/or flexible intervals which
can vary with time.
• Extensive event modeling capability, such as workovers and acid treatments.
• Events specified in actual depths, with Schedule calculating the IJK location required in
the simulation grid.
• Events can be ordered on a well-by-well basis.
• User events to allow new keywords to be entered directly. This means that you can enter
and store all keywords in Schedule, even those which have yet to be fully modeled.
• Connection factors are calculated accurately within Schedule for deviated and partially penetrating wells, and multiple perforations within a given cell.
• Peaceman's formulation is solved in 3 orthogonal directions, along the perforated interval,
to more accurately describe the well connection to the grid.
• Optional specification of formation layer for each perforation event.
• Used to ensure calculated connections honor any formation information.
• Easy checking of errors in production data including - incorrect downtimes, missing events,
incorrect perforations or deviation data, and erroneous recording of production volumes.
• Combining of well data into groups in the hierarchy for tabular and graphical display.
• Well information is easily fitted into any simulation grid, with transfer between grids
carried out both quickly and easily. Local grid refinements (LGRs) and unstructured grids
(PEBI grids) are also supported.
• Interactive creation of well trajectories for prediction wells.
• Creation and editing of all SCHEDULE section keywords.
• A keyword macro mechanism which simplifies the task of specifying prediction
information for multiple wells in the control network.
• A keyword template mechanism which allows the user to specify default values for
internally generated keywords.
Features
• Date macros, Initial and Final, which automatically track the first and last dates of
production history and events.
• 3D viewing of the well with perforations and connections to the grid animated through
time.
• Calculation of the depth values for the COMPVE keyword.
• Automatic aliasing of long well names to acceptable ECLIPSE names. • Support for multiple completions with separate flow history and shared well trajectories.
• Support for the generation of multi-segment well keywords from descriptions of tubing and
locations of chokes, packers and inflow controls.
Starting Schedule 15
launcher
This is available on the Windows NT platform. After successful installation of an ECLIPSE
Suite program, a program icon or short-cut is installed on the machine.
1 To start the ECLIPSE Suite Simulation Software Launcher select the program short-cut
from the task bar or double-click on the icon.
2 To start the Schedule program click on the Schedule button on the Launcher, select a
start-up directory when the Schedule Launcher panel appears by browsing through the
directory tree, and click on the Run button.
Using command prompts
PC platforms
1 Type $schedule command at the prompt in a DOS window on PC platforms.
Unix platforms
1 Type @schedule command at the prompt in the selected start-up directory on UNIX
platforms to run the start-up macro.
Starting Schedule
Tutorials
Introduction
The aim of this section is to familiarize you with the main program functionality and to
demonstrate the workflow through the program. Schedule provides data import and export
interfaces to both Schlumberger and other applications, on condition that the data file formats
are consistent with the Schedule data file specifications. Schlumberger applications are used as
examples within these tutorials.
The first tutorial aims to give an overview of a typical Schedule project. Subsequent tutorials
highlight further areas of Schedule program functionality and build on procedures demonstrated
in previous tutorials. We therefore recommend that you perform the tutorials in the order found
in this manual. However, if you want to examine a specific feature, select from the list of tutorials and the table below.
Available tutorials
1 "Creating a basic Schedule project" on page 21
This tutorial is aimed at first-time users of the program and demonstrates how to work
through a complete project. All input files have been prepared in a Schedule-readable
format.
This tutorial demonstrates the interactive data editing and data validating facilities of Schedule. The tutorial also demonstrates the nearly complete interactive building of a
project.
3 "3D visualization and predictive SCHEDULE file generation" on page 82
Introduction
This tutorial demonstrates some of the main new features of Schedule. The first part deals
with 3D well visualization capabilities. The second part covers the new template, macros
and ECLIPSE keyword definition facilities, thus focusing on the use of the program for
simulation prediction projects. It also covers the interactive definition of hypothetical infill
wells.
4 "Importing data from OilField Manager and Finder" on page 116
An example is provided to show how production/injection data can be transferred from
OilField Manager into Schedule.
5 "Converting 98B projects to 99A" on page 371
This tutorial discusses the procedure for converting old Schedule projects (98B and older)
to Schedule 99A projects. If you feel some of the figures shown in tutorials 1, 2 and 3 are
slightly different from those shown in your current Schedule version, please refer to this
tutorial to find the new features in Schedule 99A.
6 "Importing a SCHEDULE section from ECLIPSE data files" on page 128
This tutorial discusses reading existing ECLIPSE data files, viewing and editing, as well as
extracting data and extending the existing project.
7 "Creating and editing a multi-lateral multi-segment well model" on page 135 This tutorial shows how to use Schedule to build a multi-lateral multi-segment well model.
It includes step-by-step instructions for using the 3D Well Editor , Trajectory Editing
table, and Editing Segment panel, as well as for creating a tubing file.
Functionality covered by the tutorials
Tutorials 1 to 3 and 7 cover a complete Schedule project, starting with importing data, followed
by visualization, editing, and finally generating a SCHEDULE section file for inclusion in an
ECLIPSE run. Each of these tutorials covers specific areas of the program functionality. Table
4.1 should help you quickly find the appropriate tutorial when you are looking for more details
on a specific feature.
Tutorial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tabular editing • • •
3D Editor • •
2D visualization,
data validation
†
How to interact with the 3D Viewer
Note For the 2004A release we switched the underlying graphics libraries to OpenInventor,
giving greatly improved graphics performance. We took this opportunity to adopt the
OpenInventor standard mouse interactions, giving us consistency with other OpenInventor applications such as Petrel.
The 3D Viewer has 2 distinct modes of operation: 'viewing' and 'picking'. The 3D Viewer is by
default in 'view' mode (the default cursor is a hand ), which means that you can use the
mouse buttons to rotate, translate and zoom the display. To pick on objects in the display you
must select the 'pick' mode (the cursor changes to an arrow ). In pick mode you cannot
change the orientation of the display, just pick on objects in the display.
To change mode you can either:
• use the hand and arrow button on the top left toolbar,
• use the '' (pick) and 'V' (view) keys,
• or use the <Esc> key to toggle between modes.
View mode
Rotate
Press the left mouse button and move the mouse to rotate about the model.
Translate
Press the middle mouse button and move the mouse to pan from side to side.
Zoom
Press both the Ctrl key and the middle mouse button (or left and middle mouse buttons
simultaneously) and move the mouse to zoom the display.
Note Note that the 3D Viewer displays a Perspective view by default.
Other buttons of interest on the left hand toolbar are:
Normalize Returns the model to the middle of the window.
Seek to Point Select this button and then click on a point on the model. The 3D Viewer zooms to the selected point. The ’S’ key provides a short
cut to this button.
model.
Introduction
User View Returns the view to its orientation prior to a fixed view being set
(with the Set View buttons below).
Set View

These 6 buttons align the view with each of the primary axes.
Creating a basic Schedule project
Background
This tutorial is aimed at first-time users of the Schedule program. It demonstrates how to work
through a simple Schedule project.
This tutorial guides you through the main features of Schedule, from loading data through data
visualization and editing, to the production of an ECLIPSE SCHEDULE section.
The input data files required have been created in a Schedule-readable format. Although this is
the recommended method of using the Schedule program, almost all of the input data can be
entered interactively into a Schedule project. Interactive data input, data visualization and data
editing is addressed in more detail in Tutorial 2, "Importing the grid and property files" on
page 42.
The geometrical block model and well description data, used in this example, have deliberately
been simplified to allow you to concentrate on the program functionality. In this example, the
simulation grid required as input for Schedule has been created using the GRID program. A grid
and a trajectory interface file for Schedule have been exported from GRID in a Schedule-
readable format.
• "Importing data" on page 22
• "Defining simulation timing" on page 31
• "Visualizing, validating and editing data" on page 32
• "Saving the project to disk" on page 35
• "Defining Schedule reporting" on page 35
• "Exporting the interface file for the simulator" on page 36
• "Inspecting the interface file" on page 37
• "Using the File menu to exit from current project" on page 38
• "Running ECLIPSE" on page 38
• "SCHEDULE standard symbols" on page 39
• "Discussion" on page 40
Getting started
The tutorial data files are included with your Schedule installation. They can be found in the
following directory: schedule/tutorial/ex1/.
1 Copy all the tutorial data files to your current working directory.
22 Tutorials Schedule User Guide
2 To start Schedule type@schedule in your working directory or run it from the ECLIPSE
Simulation Software Launcher on your PC.
Creating a new Schedule project
A Schedule project contains all the information you have loaded, entered or calculated. You can save a project file at any time, which allows you to restart Schedule at a later date and continue
working on the project from the point at which it was saved.
Note When you create a new project, the existing project (and all associated data) is cleared
from memory. If you have made changes in the existing project, you are asked if you
want to save these changes before the new project is created.
When you start Schedule, a new project is created and the main window is displayed.
Hint If you are already running a project and you want to create a new project, select File |
New.
1 File | Save As….
2 In the Write Schedule Project box, enter EX1.PRJ as the project name and save it.
Importing data
Background
This section explains how to import data into Schedule. For a complete Schedule project you need the following data:
• Production data (*.VOL, *.vol).
(for example well perforations, well squeezes, plugs, etc.)
• Well geometry data (*.TRJ, *.trj; *.CNT, *.cnt; *.NET, *.net;
*.LYR, *lyr).
• GRID data (*.*GR*, *.*gr*).
• Property information(*.*IN*, *.*in*).
The Import menu in the Schedule window provides options for importing each of the required
data files. Schedule uses standard file extensions (shown above, in parentheses) for file import dialogs.
Hint If your import files have non-standard suffixes, they do not appear in the list of files
available for import. In this case, you must enter the complete file names to read in the
data.
Specifying the units being used in the project
Before importing data, specify the project/display units to be used in the current project.
1 Setup | Units | Field
This sets the project/display units to FIELD units.
The selected project/display units determine: • The units used for data display on windows and panels
• The units that are applied on data imported from files if the UNITS keyword is not
placed in the header of the data file
• The units used in exported data (like in the SCHEDULE Section).
Hint To make sure that the data are imported with the correct units, we recommend that you
always include the UNITS keyword in the headers of data files. If the units are not
specified in the data file, Schedule assumes that the data is in project units. If the units
specified in the file are different from the project/display units, Schedule converts the
data to project/display units. With some files, for example GRID files, the program
prompts for the units during import.
2 You may need to edit the SCHEDULE section of your configuration file to change the
default setting of the map units from METRES to FEET for importing a grid file in a field
application. For details see "Importing a grid" on page 27.
Importing production data
Processing large amounts of production data to generate control keywords that can be
understood by the simulator can be a difficult and time-consuming task. Schedule provides you
with a powerful production data reader that understands various production/injection data and
file formats. These file formats include: • Production Analyst ASCII files
• OilField Manager report files
• Finder load files
Production data files created in many other databases or spreadsheets can be imported by adding
a few descriptive keywords to the start of the file. See "Production Data File Formats" on
page 285 for more details.
In this tutorial you will import a file that is already in Schedule-readable format.
1 Import | Production History | Replace.
The Replace option is used when importing data for the first time or whenever you want
to delete existing data and replace it with a new set.
Hint If you have additional data to import (for example, if you have well production data
stored in different files) use the Merge option.
Hint If you started the program from somewhere other than your working directory, you
need to go to the directory containing your data files.
2 Select EX1.VOL.
When Schedule is importing the production data, a progress indicator is displayed briefly. This
window disappears after successful completion of the operation. If any errors occur during the operation, the progress indicator displays the error and you must close the window by clicking
on OK.
3 Data | Item List
The well names of the imported production data are now listed in the Item List window, as
shown in Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1 The Item List window
4 Click on well P1:01 in the Item List window with the right mouse button.
A pop-up menu appears.
5 Select Table History.
The imported production data for the selected well is displayed in the Production History
table.
Hint You can also edit the production data using this table. Details can be found in "Entering
and editing tabular production data" on page 48 and in the "Reference Section" on
page 165.
Hint To see the same production data in graphical form, select Graph History from the pop-
up menu. This opens a graphical display window showing the production data for the
selected well.
6 Close the Production History table (and the graph window if it is open).
Importing events data
Data from well events such as perforations, squeezes and well tests are combined with
geometrical well and grid information to calculate connection factors for well to grid
connections.
2 Select EX1.EV from the file browser.
Hint If you have well event data stored in several different files (for example, separated by
wells or by event types) then choose Import | Events | Merge instead of Replace
during import.
3 Click, with the right mouse button, on well P1:02 in the Item List window.
4 Choose Show Events from the pop-up menu.
This opens the well Events window, which allows you to view all of the events for the
selected well that are currently defined in Schedule.
The left side of the Events window shows the list of events for the selected well. Further
details concerning the currently selected event are displayed on the right side of the
window. You can click on any of the events on the left to display its details.
5 Close the Events window.
6 Click, with the right mouse button, on well P2 in the Item List window.
7 Choose Graph Completions from the pop-up menu.
This displays a Completion/Event graph similar to Figure 4.2. This graph shows the event
history for the well P2 on a graph of the measured depth, MD, in the y-axis versus time (x-
axis).
Figure 4.2 The Completion/Event graph for well P2
The top of each event is marked by a small yellow square. You can read the event MD and
the date at which the events occurred while the mouse is on the yellow square of an event.
Hint Click on View in the Completion/Event graph window, and choose Flow Diagram
from the pop-up menu to show the plot of production history at the bottom of the graph.
Hint Double clicking on a yellow square representing an event opens the Events window for that event.
8 Close the Completion/Event window.
Importing control network
With Schedule, you can create a well and group control network that represents group
production and injection. A control network in Schedule does not have to represent a physical
grouping structure; it can be a control hierarchy for a simulation run, hence the name control
network. A hierarchy of groups with assigned wells can either be built interactively within a
project or imported from a file.You can view the control hierarchy on the Control Network window.
1 Data | Control Network.
This displays the current control network (the well/group hierachy information).
2 Import | Control Network.
This allows you to import the control network from a file.
3 Select EX1.NET.
Creating a basic Schedule project 27
Note A small square appears next to each well on the Item List. This indicates that the well
is now assigned to a group.
The Control Network window then displays the loaded hierarchy information. EX1.NET
is an example of a three-level hierarchy. The field occupies the highest level, level 0.
PLAT-A and PLAT-B are node groups at level 1. The groups at level 2 are all well groups (SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3) containing wells only. When these wells are included, the
hierarchy has three levels in total.
Hint You can also build hierarchies, interactively, within a project by defining groups and
assigning wells to it. This is addressed in detail in "Interactive data editing and
validation" on page 41.
Importing a grid
Schedule calculates connections of wells with a simulation grid based on geometrical grid and well information.
1 Import | Grid | Single Porosity
This allows you to import a grid file in single porosity (for example those generated by a
gridding application such as the GRID or FloGrid programs or by ECLIPSE). For more
details on grid file sources, see "Grid, property and well geometry file sources, and
combinations" on page 318.
Note Schedule can read and manage a grid file in dual porosity, and set the wells in dual
porosity case. The process on the dual porosity case is similar to running a single
porosity case except that you must select Import | Grid | Dual Porosity and import
a dual-porosity grid file instead. The tutorials in this manual all describe use of single
porosities.
This grid file was produced by the GRID program.
Caution If the grid has not been exported using map coordinates, Schedule does not know
the map units, and it sets the units to the default setting specified in the
SCHEDULE section of the configuration file (usually METRES).
The file EX1.FGRID was not exported using map coordinates, but the map units were FEET.
When Schedule was importing the grid it may have displayed a message in the log window
stating “Map units from config. file set to METRES”. If this is the case then do not continue working with these map units.
You need to edit the SCHEDULE Section of your configuration file to change the default setting
of the map units from METRES to FEET and re-import the grid file.
3 File | Save
4 Exit Schedule.
5 Open your configuration file in a text editor (either the local ECL.CFG file if you copied
the master to you working directory, or the master CONFIG.ECL file in the
/ecl/macros directory).
6 Go to the section beginning “SECTION SCHEDULE”, uncomment “MAPUNITS FEET”;
Or enter a new line with this text, comment “MAPUNITS METRES” and save the
configuration file.
This loads the changed configuration file.
Caution If you have edited the CONFIG.ECL file rather than the local ECL.CFG file, you
should not load the existing local configuration file. Instead, the master
configuration file should be copied to the current directory. In this case, you will
see this message
deletes local file) (y/n)?”
You should type n.
8 Open your Schedule project and re-import the grid. This replaces the existing grid.
Schedule reports “Map units from config file set to FEET” in the Log
window.
Note The grid and property information (GRID and INIT files) are not stored with the
project. This uses less disk space and allows Schedule to work faster. Schedule only
saves the path and file names of the GRID and INIT files, then re-reads the files
whenever it opens the project. If you have changed the location of the GRID and/or
INIT file or if you have moved the project file, you are prompted for the new location
of both files.
Defining well trajectories
A well trajectory describes the path of the wells through the simulation grid as well as the initial
permeability and Net To Gross (NTG) properties for the grid blocks through which the well
passes.
Schedule uses the well trajectory data to map the measured depth information for well events
onto the simulation grid block. The combination of well trajectory and perforation information
allows Schedule to calculate well connection factors for a simulation run.
There are three ways of defining well trajectories in Schedule:
Importing well deviation survey data and calculating well
trajectory
You can import the deviation data file into Schedule (in the GRID format) and Schedule uses it
together with the grid file and the properties file to calculate the trajectory.
Schedule can load the grid block property information from an ECLIPSE INIT file. The
ECLIPSE INIT data file can be produced with an ECLIPSE no simulation (NOSIM) data set,
run with the INIT keyword in the GRID section and the NOSIM keyword in the RUNSPEC
section. The NOSIM keyword performs data checking with no simulation.
When calculating the well trajectory in Schedule, ensure you perform the following steps:
• Load the grid file (the GRID file can be from ECLIPSE or the GRID program or another
gridding application).
• Read the property file (ECLIPSE INIT file).
• Import the deviation survey data (by importing the proper control *.CNT file).
Hint The file reading sequence is not important as long as a grid file is available before you
read in the deviation data.
At this point you have imported the GRID file but not the property file. You now need the
properties (permeabilities and NTG values) for the trajectory calculation.
1 Import | Properties
This allows you to load the property information from the ECLIPSE INIT file.
2 Select EX1.FINIT from the File menu.
3 Import | Well Locations | Deviation Survey
This allows you to load the well deviation data.
4 Select EX1.CNT.
EX1.CNT is the control file that contains file names and data file format for the well
deviation information. The well deviation information for this example is held in the
deviation file named EX1.DEV. This deviation file is called by the control file during the
loading procedure.
The well trajectories have not been calculated, yet. Schedule automatically calculates the
trajectories if you perform one of the following actions: • Display well(s) in a 3D view.
• View the well trajectory table for well(s).
• Export the SCHEDULE section.
• Select Data | Recalculate Trajectories.
5 Select Data | Recalculate Trajectories.
The well deviation data is not stored with the project. Schedule only stores the calculated
well trajectories. If you save and exit the project before calculating the well trajectories, the
deviation data must be re-imported to allow Schedule to calculate the well trajectories.
Once you have calculated the trajectories and saved the project, the deviation data does not
have to be stored.
Note For the purpose of editing a well by means of the 3D Viewer , or of viewing the well
deviations graphically later on, we suggest you save the new deviation data by
exporting deviations in the Schedule main window before you save or exit the project.
Note If your deviation data changes and you re import the data into the project, you must
select Data | Recalculate Trajectories to update the trajectories. Existing data is
replaced on a per well bore basis. You must also recalculate the trajectories if your grid
properties or dimensions have changed.
Importing a well trajectory file
These files are produced by a gridding application like the GRID or FloGrid programs
If you have the well geometry information already loaded in, for example, the GRID program,
you can calculate the well trajectory in GRID and export a trajectory file for use in Schedule.
This is done by selecting the ‘Output of well connections’ option in GRID. As block
properties are already defined for the block model, the trajectory file contains permeabilities and
NTG values for the grid blocks that are intersected by the wells.
At this point, since you have already calculated the trajectory internally based on imported well
deviation survey data, importing trajectory files replaces the existing trajectories.
1 Import | Well Locations | Trajectory File
2 From the file browser select EX1.TRJ.
3 View a Well Trajectory table by clicking on a well on the Control Network window with
the right mouse button and selecting Edit Trajectory from the pop-up menu.
Hint Another way to view and edit the well trajectory information will be addressed in
"Visualizing, validating and editing data" on page 32.
Note If you import both the trajectory file from the GRID program (or another gridding
application) and the deviation data, you may import redundant well geometry
information. In this case, the information in the trajectory file has a higher priority than
the deviation information, unless you recalculate your trajectories whilst having the deviation survey information loaded. Then the trajectory is updated based on the
imported well deviation information.
Interactively defining a well trajectory
If you do not have a trajectory file or a deviation survey available for a well, you can define the
trajectory manually by editing the trajectory table or by digitizing the well graphically in a 3D
Viewer . Both are easy ways in Schedule to specify drilling scenarios for new wells during a
prediction run. This is addressed in "Defining well trajectories interactively" on page 61.
Importing geological layer information
In a simulation model, geological units are represented by one or more grid layers. As the
geometry of the grid does not always model exactly the corresponding geological layering, a
well-to-grid connection is sometimes placed in the wrong simulation flow unit. For example, a
producing geological layer may be intersected by a well at a top depth of 1000 feet. On the other hand the simulation block representing the geological flow unit may have been assigned an
average top depth value over its horizontal extents of 1005 feet. If a perforation is placed from
a depth of 1000 feet downwards it will not only intersect the current grid block starting at 1005
feet, it is also placed in the simulation block representing the geological unit above (for the
interval between 1000 and 1005 feet). This may not be an active flow unit.
To avoid placement of well events in incorrect simulation grid layers, Schedule provides a facility for placing well connections based not just on the measured depth information but also
on geological layer assignment.
You can define the geological flow units in a Layer Table where they are associated with
specific simulation grid layers. If the depth approximation of a grid layer is different from the
real position of the geological layer where a well event is assigned to, Schedule automatically
shifts the well event to the correct geological layer. For more details on layer shifting, see "Defining well events" on page 67 and "Configuring simulation options" on page 336.
1 Import | Layer Table.
2 From the file browser select EX1.LYR.
3 Data | Layer Table
This allows you to view and edit the Layer Table window.
Defining simulation timing
Schedule allows complete flexibility in the choice of time step lengths. Overall time steps can
be chosen on a daily, monthly or yearly basis. Time step size can also vary during your
simulation run. You can have very short simulator time steps during periods of special interest,
and long ones during periods of less interest. Additional time steps can also be defined for
specific well or group events. For more details on declaring individual events to force additional
time steps, see “"Entering simulation time framework data" on page 51.
Schedule calculates average production rates based on the time steps you have
defined. If you decide to use a different time step size for another simulation run,
Schedule will automatically recalculate the average production rates accordingly.
In the current example you will define monthly time steps with additional time steps for well
events.
You can change the simulation timing by clicking the time step button on the Simulation
Time Framework window and selecting either Year , Month or Day from the drop-down
menu. You can add more time steps or more lines for events. The Event Shifts column
allows you to choose when Schedule adds additional time steps if certain events occur. The
date format allows real dates (for example 01 Jan 1970), symbolic dates (for example SOH
indicating Start of History) and relative dates (for example SOH + 1 month). You can enter
extra user specified dates in the Time Framework Date List panel, which is accessed from
the Dates button. (See "Time framework window XYZ" on page 184.)
2 Click on OK.
This accepts the default settings in the Simulation Time Framework panel (monthly time
steps, event shifts ignored).
Visualizing, validating and editing data
Data visualization, validation and editing is addressed in greater detail in "Interactive data
editing and validation" on page 41. You may have had a look at the imported tabular data when
following the loading instructions in the previous sections. The next stage of this tutorial covers
the three-dimensional display feature of Schedule.
3D visualization of well to grid connections
Once you have loaded or calculated your well trajectory, you can inspect a three-dimensional
view of the wells.
1 Click with the right mouse button on well G1 in the Control Network window.
2 Select View 3D Well.
The program calculates the well connections over the defined simulation time based on the
specified grid, well geometry, events and simulation timing information and displays the
well in the 3D Well Viewer window. By default Schedule displays a picture similar to that
shown in Figure 4.3. The actual view may differ slightly due to the default settings, so axes
and a bounding box for the entire grid may be present. These can be removed in the
Display|Axes menu options.
Figure 4.3 Default 3D well display
Hint You can select several contiguous or non-contiguous wells within a group from the
Well list with a combination of the mouse and the SHIFT or CTRL keys.To add more wells to a 3D Viewer that is already open, drag and drop the selected
wells to the open 3D Viewer window. If you wish to view the selected wells in a
different 3D Viewer, click on the “3D Viewer” button again.
Viewing the well completion state at the initial time step
1 If the cell outlines are not switched on, select 3D Well Viewer: Scene | Grid | Show |
Outlines.
This displays the model grid as an outline around the well trajectories, making the wells
easier to visualize. Alternatively, you can click on the outline button.
Hint You can also select:
Cells only
2 3D Well Viewer: Scene| Grid | Property | PORO .
This displays porosity, one of the initial properties imported, in colored grid cells.
Hint Select other initial properties for various views.
3 3D Well Viewer: View | Timesteps…
This allows you to step through the completion history of this well.
Hint You can also use the Timestep toolbar at the top right side
of the panel.
Viewing well connections
1 3D Well Viewer: 3D View | Connections
Hint You can modify the displayed size of completion decorations and well radii by
selecting the menu option 3D Well Viewer: Scene | Wells | Level of Detail.
The 3D Well Viewer is an excellent tool for detecting badly-modeled wells. Examples of bad models include wells with a large offset from the grid block center caused by inappropriate
positioning of grid cells or two wells intersecting the same grid block. This is an important
consideration if your project contains highly deviated or horizontal wells.
2 3D Well Viewer: 3D View | Deviation
This allows you to view the imported well path.
3 3D Well Viewer: 3D View | Full Grid
This allows you to see the well positions within the whole model grid.
Hint If you need to visualize another well, click, with the right mouse button on the well
name in the Control Network window and select View 3D Well from the pop-up
menu. If you have more than one well in your 3D display, the Wells menu on the 3D Visualization window allows you to switch wells ON or OFF by selecting individual
well or Multiple Selector…You can normalize the view by selecting AutoNormalize
from the Display menu or by clicking the AutoNormalize button in the top left
of the 3D Viewer window.
The visualization can be customized in a number of ways, see "Functionality covered by the
tutorials" on page 18 for further information. The Schedule 3D visualization facilities is
addressed in more detail in "3D visualization and predictive SCHEDULE file generation" on
page 82.
Viewing the well geometry data
1 Reopen the 3D Well Viewer window with well G1.
2 Select 3D Well Viewer: Scene | Grid | Show | Outlines, (if this is not already
switched on.) You will also need to click on the “Cells” button to switch off the Cells
display function so that only the Cell Outlines are active. You see, clearly, a well with three
colors in a well completion status.
3 Select 3D Well Viewer: Controls | Well Show Table.
Hint You can also do this by clicking the “Well Show Table” button, , on the top
window.
4 Click on the central part of the green area on the well to open the Events Table for G1.
5 View and close the table.
6 Click the Well Show Table button again, and this time click the central part of the blue and
gray area.
This opens the Trajectory table for G1.
7 View and click on the OK button to close the table.
8 Select 3D Well Viewer: 3D View | Deviation
This shows well deviation with a violet color.
9 Select 3D Well Viewer: Controls | Well Edit Deviation
10 Click on the central part of the well. You will see a message onEdit Well Bore: “Confirm
edit of Well Bore: G1”.
11 Click the OK button.
This opens the G1 Edit Table, and shows the deviation points on the well bore.
12 Try changing a value on the table, for example the value of X in point 3 to 8000, and then
click Update View. Watch what happens.
13 Click the Close button. The table will now close.
Hint Click the “Set View” buttons on the left side of the window to set the view in different
directions.
15 Close the 3D Well Viewer window.
Saving the project to disk
Once you have edited the data imported into your current project, you should save your project
to disk. To do so, select
1 File | Save.
2 Remember to export your deviation survey if you have not already done so, as they are not
saved with the project. Save it as Ex1.cnt.
Defining Schedule reporting
Schedule allows report files to be created at designated times during the simulation. This section
demonstrates how to define report steps for your simulation run.
Schedule reports are defined for the whole field; it is therefore handled as a FIELD event.
1 Click with the right mouse button on the FIELD in your Control Network window.
2 Select Show Events from the pop-up menu.
3 Select Events: New | Schedule Report Style to define your report frequency and
content.
4 To switch the properties to be reported on or off, press the appropriate selection buttons
(initially they only have a * in the middle) until either ON or OFF appears.
5 Switch reporting ON for:
• grid block pressures
• grid block oil saturation
• grid block water saturation
• grid block gas saturation
For a full description of each of the options and their associated values, refer to the
"ECLIPSE Reference Manual".
The report frequency and reporting times are defaulted to quarterly reports from the Initial
until Final data step of your simulation. You can change any reporting time between theInitial and Final data step. You can also change the reporting frequency to daily, monthly
or yearly, with reports at any nth step.
6 Change the final report time from UNDEFINED to Final or EOS (End Of Simulation).
7 Change the report frequency to once per year.
8 Click on Apply to register the changes and close the panel.
Additional time steps are placed in the simulation model at those dates where Schedule
reports are specified. Schedule inserts the ECLIPSE keyword RPTSCHED at the defined
intervals in the exported SCHEDULE section and ECLIPSE writes the Schedule reports at
the defined intervals to the print file.
Hint You can specify further Schedule reports with different frequencies and contents by defining another SCHEDULE section report.
Note You can use the Simulation Options window to control how Schedule generates the
SCHEDULE section. Please refer to "Simulation options window" on page 186.
Exporting the interface file for the simulator
1 Export | Schedule Section, to create the SCHEDULE section file for inclusion in the
ECLIPSE data file.
Hint We recommend that you place your SCHEDULE section file in the same directory as
your data files.
Hint You can also export the subsections listed on the Export menu. Remember to use the
standard suffix as shown in the Filter column when exporting files. The default
standard file suffixes are used for file import and export dialogs.
3 Click on OK.
The program displays a panel that indicates the progress of the current keyword generation and save operation.
Schedule first creates the simulation model, by converting all the Schedule information into
simulator keywords, the progress of which is indicated by the Schedule status window
named Building Simulation Model.
Schedule, then, writes the interface file for the simulator, the progress of which is indicated
by the Schedule status window named Writing Schedule section.
4 At the end of the run, you will get this error message:
“3 Errors were detected during output”.
Click on OK to complete the exporting process.
Hint You can also export your SCHEDULE section for selected wells, or for groups only.
Click on the desired well or group on the Control Network window, then select
Control Network: Export | Selected Schedule.
5 File | Save.
Inspecting the interface file
1 Open the SCHEDULE section file EX1.SCH with a text editor.
This file is an interface file to ECLIPSE. It is the SCHEDULE section of the ECLIPSEDATA file. You can include this file in the ECLIPSE DATA file by using the INCLUDE
keyword, as detailed in the "ECLIPSE Reference Manual".
The SCHEDULE section file consists of ECLIPSE SCHEDULE section keywords with
associated data, as well as information messages from Schedule which give you a better
understanding of the form and content of the data set.
2 Check the error message using the find function in a text editor.
Schedule gives the following ERROR message in the exported file:
The errors are for the problem cells on well G4. At least one CF component is negative and
you will find that this happens due to the well acidifying or stimulation event.
-- : G4 Acidise Top: 8100.00 Bot: 8150.00 Skin: -13.00
-- : >> -- Acidising upper most perforation
-- ERROR: COMPDAT Cell 10 2 2 At least one CF component is negative
-- : G4 Connection 10 2 2 Perf. Len 52.45 ( 61.3%)
-- WARN: G4 Connection 10 2 2 SUPPRESSED, can’t calculate CF
Note Schedule deals with the problem cells with errors by suppressing the cell connection
from the well.
If you continue to check the events on well G4, you find the skin factors are in large
negative values in the acidifying and stimulating events, which cause the connection factors
(CF) to become negative.
Note ECLIPSE does not allow a negative CF. You can re-edit the events to fit the criteria, or
leave the problem cells out of the well connections.
Schedule writes keywords and associated data only when changes occur in the data. If a
keyword with associated data has been written at a defined date, it is valid until redefined.
Hint For example, the COMPDAT keyword in the SCHEDULE section file is written when an
event takes place on a well for the first time. It defines completion data of wells and
reflects well events at that specific date. When a well is perforated, the COMPDAT
keyword is written for that well, and the new data is valid until the keyword is written
again, when another event occurs.
In this tutorial example, well G1 was perforated at the initial state of the simulation, which
is shown when the COMPDAT keyword is first written. These data are valid until January
15, when a layer of well G1 was squeezed. The COMPDAT keyword is again written by
Schedule to make these changes occur in the simulator.
Hint For further details on the SCHEDULE section of the simulator input DATA file, please
refer to the"ECLIPSE Reference Manual" and to "SCHEDULE Section File" on
page 335.
1 To close Schedule, select File | Exit.
Schedule prompts you to save the current project if it contains any unsaved data. If you do not
want to save the changes, click on the Continue button, or the Exit button to exit from the
current project. Otherwise, click on the Cancel button and save the current project.
Hint After you exit from the current project, whether or not you have changed anything, the
data files remain unchanged unless you have exported the updated data file(s) to a
file(s) of the same name(s).
Running ECLIPSE
An ECLIPSE DATA file has been created for this tutorial. It runs the simulator using the
SCHEDULE section file you have exported from Schedule.
Before running the simulator, make sure that the directory where you run ECLIPSE contains the
SCHEDULE section file (EX1.SCH), the GRID file (EX1.GRDECL), and the data file
(EX1.DATA). Also ensure that both EX1.SCH and EX1.GRDECL have been correctly
included in the data file using the ECLIPSE INCLUDE keyword.
1 Run the simulator.
(By typing @eclipse on a UNIX platform, clicking on the ECLIPSE Simulation
Software Launcher on a PC, or using ECLIPSE Office)
2 Specify the EX1.DATA file as the data file.
3 When the run finishes, look at the simulation results.
Hint If you want to look at the production and pressure data for wells, they have been
written to the summary file (EX1.RSM).
You can use the Result Viewer of ECLIPSE Office to visualize your simulator results. As
uniform output has been chosen in the ECLIPSE data file (by specifying the keyword UNIFOUT
in the RUNSPEC section of the ECLIPSE data set), both unified summary and restart files are
written by the simulator.
• EX1.FINIT
Schedule import/export file suffixes
The file extensions (suffixes) may be either in UPPER or in lower case.
*.VOL Production file
Symbolic simulation date
Discussion
This tutorial demonstrated how to start a new project, load data into your project, view data, and
export the SCHEDULE section file for the simulator. While working through this tutorial you
learned what data is required by Schedule to create the simulator interface file.
You then ran ECLIPSE to see how Schedule interacts with the simulator, and you may have
viewed the simulation results.
For more details on tabular and graphical data editing, work through Tutorial 2, "Interactive
data editing and validation" on page 41.
This tutorial focused on converting field data accumulated during the history of an oil field into
a SCHEDULE section keyword file, in an ECLIPSE-readable format. Schedule can also create the simulator SCHEDULE section for a prediction run. Schedule can define any SCHEDULE
section keyword for the FIELD, groups and wells with associated data that is then recognized
by the simulator. You can also define templates that fill in default data in your keywords or
macros that automatically create keywords with associated data. You can apply keywords,
templates, and macros to individual wells, several wells, well groups or the entire field. These
features are addressed in "3D visualization and predictive SCHEDULE file generation" on
page 82.
*.NET Control network file
*.LYR Geological layer file
*.TFW Time FrameWork file
*.*SMRY, *.*SMSPECY Summary file
*.*UNRST,*.X*, *.F* Restart file
*.DAT* ECLIPSE data file
SOS Start of simulation (can not be used in Simulation Time Frame work)
EOS End of simulation can not be used in Simulation Time Frame work)
SPH First date of production history
EPH Last date of production history
SOH Start date of simulation on production history
EOH End date of simulation on production history
SOP Start date of simulation on production prediction
EOP End date of simulation on production prediction
Interactive data editing and validation
Introduction
The goal of this tutorial is to demonstrate the interactive data editing and data validating
facilities of Schedule.
• If you do not have all of the input data required for a Schedule project available in a
format that is readable by Schedule, the interactive data editing facilities of the
program help you to input your data correctly. You can create a complete project within
Schedule, by having available a grid and property file created in another program, and
then specifying the rest of the required input interactively on panels and windows
generated in Schedule.
If you have already loaded your data from existing input files, the same facilities allow you to
visualize and check your data for accuracy and completeness, and edit the data where necessary.
Also, if you are not sure about the input data file format, you can enter the data interactively on
a panel, export the data using one of the Schedule data export options, and then continue editing
the data on the exported file which is now in the right format. You can then re-import the file
into your project after you have finished editing the data file.
This tutorial demonstrates the main editing and visualization features of Schedule. In addition,
it guides you through a complete typical Schedule project.
Stages
• "Creating a new project" on page 42
• "Importing the grid and property files" on page 42
• "Creating a control network of wells and groups of wells" on page 43
• "Entering, editing and analyzing well production and injection data" on page 48
• "Defining well trajectories interactively" on page 61
• "Entering geological layer data" on page 66
• "Defining well events" on page 67
• "Inspecting the completion diagram" on page 73
• "Configuring simulation options" on page 74
• "Exporting SCHEDULE section for use in ECLIPSE" on page 74
• "Using Schedule for a history match run" on page 79
• "Discussion" on page 80
Getting started
The tutorial data files are included with your Schedule installation. They can be found in the
following directory: schedule/tutorial/ex2/.
1 Copy all the tutorial data files to your current working directory.
2 To start Schedule type @schedule in your working directory, or run it from the ECLIPSE
Simulation Software Launcher on your PC.
Creating a new project When you start Schedule, a new project opens automatically and the main Schedule window
appears on the screen. If you already have a Schedule project running, save it before starting a
new one, as discussed in "Creating a new Schedule project" on page 22.
1 File | Save As…
This opens the Save Project window, which allows you to enter a project name.
2 Enter EX2.PRJ as the project name and save it.
There are two other windows you work with most of the time during a Schedule project: the
Control Network and the Item List windows.
3 To open these windows, select:
• Data | Item List
• Data | Control Network
Hint You may need to resize or move the various windows to make them fit neatly on the
screen. This makes it easier when entering and editing the data.
Importing the grid and property files
To build a new Schedule project you need the grid and property files, available from other
programs. For this tutorial both input files have been created with the ECLIPSE simulator. For other sources of grid and property files, see "Sources and combinations of grid, property and
well data files" on page 315.
1 To load the grid information into your current project, select Import | Grid | Single
Porosity
2 Select the GRID file named EX2.FGRID from the file browser.
3 To load the properties information into Schedule, select Import | Properties
4 Select the property file named EX2.FINIT from the file browser.
During data import, Schedule briefly displays a progress indicator. This window disappears
after successful completion of the operation. If any errors occur during the operation, the
progress indicator displays the error.
5 Close the window by clicking on OK.
Note The grid and property files can be either formatted or unformatted: if formatted, they
must have the extensions *.FGRID and *.FINIT; if unformatted, the extensions
*.GRID and *.INIT. Both upper and lower case are accepted by the reader.
Creating a control network of wells and groups of
wells
The Control Network window allows you to interactively create a network (or hierarchy) of
groups and wells. Although there is an option to import a control network from an ASCII file,
you will find it convenient most of the time to create the control network interactively in a
Schedule project.
As mentioned in the previous tutorial, the control network does not necessarily have to represent
a physical grouping of wells in the field. You can group the wells together for any specific
purpose, for example to allow you to apply economic or physical flow constraints on the wells
or to sum up production/injection volumes.
Adding groups and wells to a control network
The top level of the hierarchy in the control network is called FIELD, which is consistent with
the ECLIPSE grouping structure requirement. First, add three groups to the existing FIELD.
(Wells can only belong to groups and not directly to FIELD. This constraint is imposed by
ECLIPSE.)
Groups can be added to FIELD (or to other groups, for that matter) in three ways:
1 Click with the right mouse button on FIELD and select Create Group from the pop-up
menu. This allows you to key in a name for the group you want to add.
2 Name the group Group_1.
3 Click on FIELD with the left mouse button (this changes the fill color to red) then click on
the “plus” button on the tool bar at the top of the Control Network window. The same
pop-up window appears.
5 Click on FIELD with the left mouse button then select Edit | New Group from the Control
Network menu bar. Again, the same pop-up window appears.
7 Now add a sub-group Group_3.1 to Group_3.
Note To rename a group click on the GROUP name with the right mouse button and select
Rename Group from the pop-up menu. Enter your new name.
Similarly, you can now add wells to the groups you just created:
8 Click on Group_1 with the right mouse button and select Create Well from the pop down
menu.
9 Name the well Well_1 and click on OK.
Hint After you have imported production and/or events data from a file, you have the well
names available on the Item List window, and you can add wells to different groups
by dragging and dropping them from the Item List window.
10 Add another three wells to the first group and name themWell_2, Well_3 and Well_4.
While you were defining the new wells in the Control Network window, the well names
appear, also, on the Item List window. They cannot now be removed from the Item List.
Note Groups can contain either wells or other groups, but not groups and wells on the same
hierarchical level because this is incompatible with the ECLIPSE grouping structure;
for example Group_1 should not contain another group in addition to wells Well_1
to Well_4. Figure 4.4 shows an example of an incompatible grouping structure.
Figure 4.4 Incompatible grouping structure in the Control Network window
There are two methods of removing wells or groups from the control network:
11 First select the items to be deleted in the Control Network window, Click on Well_3 and
Well_4 from Group_1, then, click on the “Dustbin” button at the top right of the
Control Network window. (This is not a drag and drop operation.)
Hint Several contiguous or non-contiguous wells within a group can be selected from the
control network with a combination of the mouse and the Shift or Ctrl keys.
Multiple selections can only be made within one group on the control network
12 Alternatively select the items to be removed first, click on Well_3 and Well_4 from
Group_1 and, then select, Edit | Remove Items.
The wells disappear from the Control Network, however, they remain on the Item List but
now do not have a black square beside them. This shows they are no longer active in this
project.
Note Only wells that are assigned to groups in the control network are active and are
considered when a SCHEDULE section is generated. Active wells are indicated by a
black square by the side of the wellname in the Item List. Removing wells from the
control network does not delete related well information; the wells are only made
inactive in the current project. The same applies when a group is deleted from the
control network; all the wells assigned to that group are removed, but they are still
available for selection and reassignment to another group.
Interactive data editing and validation 45
Note Any new well(s) created can not use same name(s) as the existing well(s) on the Item
List.
Assigning wells
You can assign wells to the control network in two ways:
By selecting the wellnames on the Item List window and dragging them over to the
required group.
1 Click on Well_3 on the Item List.
2 Drag the well to Group_1 in the Control Network and then release the mouse.
Or, by using the small text entry box on the Item List window to select inactive well names
that match a defined pattern. The special characters "*" and "?" are used as wild cards in
the text pattern string. The "?" character stands for any single character, the "*" character
stands for any number of characters. If you then click on the “+” button above the text entry
box, the required wells are highlighted and you can drag them onto the control network.
3 Type Well_? in the text entry box and click on the plus button above the box.
Well_4 is now highlighted.
4 Drag the well to Group_1.
Reassigning wells/groups in a control network
You can reassign wells to other groups by clicking on them and dragging them to another group.
1 Click on Well_2 then drag it to Group_2.
2 Click and drag Well_3 and Well_4 into Group_3.1.
Note When you drag a well/group the mouse cursor changes shape to a no entry sign. This indicates that you cannot place the well in the current position. The cursor changes to
a cross hair when a valid destination for the well has been reached.
Hint If there are a large number of wells and groups in the control network, you may have
to scroll through the Control Network window to view all the network items. When
re-assigning wells, there may be instances when you are not able to view both the well
you wish to move and its destination, at the same time. In this case, we recommend
splitting the Control Network window into two panes. Along the bottom of the
Control Network window there is a black bar. Drag this bar to split the Control
Network display area into two windows and view different areas of the control
network at the same time. You can now reassign wells by dragging them from onescreen to the other. To remove the split drag the bar back to the bottom of the screen.
Hint Alternatively, you can collapse part of the network on the Control Network window
by double-clicking on the box next to a group name. The wells assigned to that group
disappear, and the box has a "+" marker inside it to indicate that there are hidden
features. Double-clicking again on the box expands the group once more.
Figure 4.5 Splitting the Control Network and hiding part of the hierarchy
Time-dependent control network
When you start to build your control network, Schedule assigns the time SOS (indicating Start
Of Simulation) to the network. This is indicated by an arrow at the top left of the Control
Network window next to the symbol SOS. This means the current control network is valid for
this SOS time.
If your control network changes with time, you can reflect this in the project using the Schedule
time-dependent grouping structure. A time-dependent control network allows you to re-assign
wells between groups during a simulation run. This may be helpful for applying different group
production or injection constraints within the history m

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