ecnomic essues of fast reactor in china - · pdf file · 2013-09-25power plant in...

Department of Fast Reactor Research and Design快快快快堆堆堆堆研研研研究究究究设设设设计计计计

所所所所

Technical Meeting on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycle

Facilities with Improved Economic Characteristics

ECNOMIC ESSUES OF FAST

REACTOR IN CHINA

YANG Hongyi 2013.9.12YANG Hongyi 2013.9.12

快快快快堆堆堆堆研研研研究究究究设设设设计计计计所所所所

Department of Fast Reactor Research and Design

OUTLINE� Introduction

�CEFR Project

�Economic characteristic of CEFR

�Preliminary considerations of the economics issues

of CFR-600

�Conclusion and Suggestion



CONTENT� Introduction

�Economic analysis guard line and rules of nuclear

power plant in China

�Economic characteristic of China Experimental

Fast Reactor


of CFR-600

�Conclusion and suggestion



Thermal reactor＋once through

FBR＋closed fuel cycle

Nuclear Fission Energy Technical Roadmap



6 Advanced Next Systems Suggested by GIF

SFR LFR GFR

SCWR MSR VHTR



Fuel, material, safety, economic

Time Arrangement and Main Tasks


Fuel, assistant system, safety, economic


Economic and fuel cycle




1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

201020202030

�

BN-600

1470/600SUPER

-PHENIX

2000/800

PHENIX

563/255

MONJU

714/280

PFR

650/250

BN-350

750/130

Clementine

0.025/0

Clementine

0.025/0

EBR-I

1.2/0.2

EBR-I

1.2/0.2

EBR-II

62.5/20

EBR-II

62.5/20

FERMI

200/66

FERMI

200/66

LAMPRI

1.0/0

LAMPRI

1.0/0

SEFOR

20/0

SEFOR

20/0

FFTF

400/0

FFTF

400/0

BOR-60

55/12

BOR-60

55/12

BOR-5/10

5-10/0

BOR-5/10

5-10/0

RAPSODIE

20-40/0

RAPSODIE

20-40/0

JOYO

140/0

JOYO

140/0

FBTR

40/13.5

FBTR

40/13.5

DFR

60/15

DFR

60/15

KNK-II

58/20

KNK-II

58/20

CEFR

65/20

CEFR

65/20

CRBRP

975/380

ALMR

840/303

DFBR

1600/660

SNR-300

762/327

EFR

3600/1580

BN-800

2000/800

ASTRIDJSFR

3531/1500

PFBR

1250/500

KALIMER

392/162CFR-600

BN-1200

2800/1200ABR

First First First First DDDDevelopment Tideevelopment Tideevelopment Tideevelopment Tide

Second Second Second Second DDDDevelopment Tideevelopment Tideevelopment Tideevelopment Tide

FR Development Map in the World



FR Development in China

Foundational

technical stage

(1965-1986)

Applied

technical stage

(1986-1992)

Engineering

technical stage

(1992-2011)



National FBR Stratagem

CEFR

20MWe

CDFR

600-1000MWe

CCFR

>1000MWe

The technical selection be

determined in 2013. The CFR-

600 is confirmed to

development now

Design Option to fit GIF

requirement

Get 40% rated power

connected to the

national grid



Reactor CEFR CDFR CCFR

Power MWe 20 600-900 >1000

Coolant Na Na Na

Type Pool Pool Pool

Fuel UO2 (MOX) MOX MOX (Metal)

Cladding Cr-Ni Cr-Ni (ODS) Cr-Ni (ODS)

Core Outlet Temp. ℃ 530 500-550 500-550

Linear Power W/cm 430 450-480 450-480

Burn-up MWd/kg 60-100 100 (120) 120 (150)

Fuel Handling DRPs, SMHM DRPs, SMHM DRPs, SMHM

Spent Fuel Storage IVPS,WPSS IVPS,WPSS IVPS,WPSS

Safety ASDS

PDHRS

ASDS+PSDS

PDHRS

ASDS+PSDS

PDHRS

Technical selection




�CEFR Project


Fast Reactor


of CFR-600




China Experimental Fast Reactor

China Experimental Fast Reactor(CEFR), 65MWth，，，，20MWe，，，，a pool

type sodium cooled fast reactor.

CEFR Project



Parameter Unit Value Parameter Unit Value

Thermal Power MW 65 Primary Circuit

Electric Power, net MW 20 Number of Loops 2

Reactor Core Quantity of Sodium t 260

Height cm 45.0 Flow Rate, total t/h 1328.4

Diameter Equivalent cm 60.0 Number of IHX per Loop2

Fuel (Pu, U)O2 (first

loading is UO2)

Secondary Circuit

Linear Power max. W/cm 430 Number of Loop 2

Neutron Flux n/cm2·s 3.7×1015 Quantity of Sodium t 48.2

Bum-up, first load max. MWd/t 60000 Flow Rate t/h 986.4

Inlet/outlet Temp. of the

Core

℃ 360/530 Tertiary Circuit

Diameter of Main

Vessel(outside)

m 8.010 Steam Temperature℃ 480

Design Life A 30 Steam Pressure MPa 14

Flow Rate t/h 96.2

Main Parameters of CEFR



Main heat transfer system of CEFR

Primary loop

Intermediary

Loop

Water-steam

loop

DHRsCEFR-generally view



NONONONO WorkWorkWorkWork timetimetimetime

1 Project proved 1995199519951995年年年年12121212月月月月29292929日日日日

2 prelimanry design approved 1997年11月4日

3 FCD 2000200020002000年年年年5555月月月月30303030日日日日

4 Close of the reactor building 2002年8月15日

5 Finish of the reactor block installation 2008200820082008年年年年12121212月月月月22225555日日日日

6 Ready to first loading 2009年9月27日

7 First Physics Criticality 2010201020102010年年年年7777月月月月21212121日日日日

8 Finish of the phase B of commissioning 2010年11月30日

9 Connected to the national grid first time 2011201120112011年年年年7777月月月月21212121日日日日

10 24h operation on the 40% rated power with electricity production 2011201120112011年年年年7777月月月月22222222日日日日

Milestones of CEFR



Plan o f CEFR

First criticality

2010.7.21

First connected to national grid

at 40% rated power and

operation 24h

2011.7.21-7.22

Start to power startup till to 100%

rated power

2013.10

Project Target

Summarize the

whole Project

Elimination of the diffraction problem

combined with original design

Feedback of the

former

commissioning

Research and confirmation of the

R&D program after 100% rated

power

All the sodium system operation safety and very

good







Fast Reactor


of CFR-600




� Financial is a key factor for the development of the nuclear

power plant all the time.

� It is mature to evaluate the capital cost of the PWR in China

now. the guard lines and rules are constructed and so the

method and the account category is united.

� Even that the economic issues perplex the owner because

that the modifition of the design and the new techno lodge is

deplored always.

The Importance of the Economic Issues

� <<NB/T20023-2010 guidelines for cost category and cost account

of nuclear power plant construction project>>

� <<regulation for indirect cost of nuclear power plant

construction project>>

� <<The fee standard of engineering survey and design>>



� The readiness of the technical

� Few plant design and construction practices

� Uncertain of the equipment manufacture which is quite

complex because of the sodium and the experiences

� Difficulty of the installation of the integrated reactor block,

especially the internals and the reactor vessel

� The cost increment of the I&C for the special physics and

chemistry characters of the sodium coolant

� Nee the united and detail account category for sodium

cooled fast reactor

� Difficulty to evaluation of the importance of FR in the

closed fuel cycle

� … …

Trouble faced to the Economic Analysis of FR



The Overnight capital cost of CEFR

NO. ItemCost Ratio

RMB USD

1 Civil and erection cost 1,639,528,800 252,235,200 65.15%

1.1 Civil engineering cost 335,053,400 51,546,677 13.31%

1.2 Equipment procurement cost 1,002,590,100 154,244,631 39.84%

1.3 Erection engineering cost 301,885,300 46,443,892 12.00%

2 Indirect cost 695,842,200 107,052,646 27.65%

In Design 109,851,100 16,900,169 4.37%

3 First loading fuel 115,989,500 17,844,538 4.61%

4 preparation R&D 65,017,400 10,002,677 2.58%

5 total 2,516,377,900 387,135,062 100.00%



①①①① Lower mature of the technical. As the first fast reactor of china, the

technical configuration and key system have been changed. The function

of main components has been adjusted during the construction.

②②②② Short of the Engineering management experience. Engineering

management play a importance role for the nuclear power plant

construction. It is clear, the integrated design of pool type fast reactor

need more experience in the organization and coordination.

③③③③ International collaboration. The international collaboration in CEFR

project includes technical configuration consultation from international

and key components purchase from other country.

The unit cost of CEFR is about 125819y/kwe, it is higher than the PWR of China

The unit cost of CEFR is Relatively higher



The unit cost of CEFR is Relatively higher

①①①① Long construction time. Plan control is a very factor for the control of

the total capital cost of nuclear plant engineering. For many reasons, the

construction of CEFR is more ten years, and it is almost double

compared with PWR. Of course

②②②② The total capital cost varies in the different stage. During the

construction, the total capital cost of CEFR was adjusted two times. The

total capital cost is about 680 million yuan at the preparation stage and

then adjusted to 1358.8 million yuan after preliminary design reviewed.

After the detail design finished, it is finally changed to the 2516 million

yuan

The unit cost of CEFR is about 125819y/kwe, it is higher than the PWR of China



Main Economic Characteristic Parameters

The percentage of the equipment

procurement cost is relatively

lowerThe equipment purchase price is quite lower. The

reason is that the government invest is limited, the

strictly equipment purchase program is adopted.

Some equipment from PEC reactor of Italy are used

in CEFR.

Other cost is relatively bigger because of the

longer construction time.

65.15%

13.31%

39.84%

12.00%

27.65%

4.37%4.61% 2.58%

Civil and erection cost

Civil engineering cost

Equipment procurement cost

Erection engineering cost

Indirect cost

Design

First loading fuel

preparation R&D

The percentage of the design cost is

relatively lower

• The engineering design of CEFR have been finished by

China Institute of Atomic energy and other civil

designer, that is a “self-design” model in China, so the

percentage of the design cost looks like lower than

the currently PWR situation.

The percentage of the indirect

cost is relatively higher

• The stop of the construction work for

the abnormal reasons leads to more

consume of indirect cost.

• As a R&D project, CEFR took a longer

time including the preparation stage.

• International consultation cost also

included in the indirect cost.



Fast reactors invest in the world

FBR name

Thermal

power

（（（（MW））））

Electricity power

（（（（MW））））

Year start

construct

Year first

criticality

Total capital cost

（（（（Million USD））））

FBTR 40 13 1972 1985 62.50

DFR 60 15 1954 1962 36.53

EBR-II 62.5 20 1958 1964 35.22

KNK-II 58 20 1972 63.41

FFTF 400 - 1970 1980 615.00

EBR-I 1400 0.2 1951 1951 2.80

Fermi 200 61 1956 1966 29.59

Rapsodie 40 - 1962 1967 1.20

JOYO 100 - 1970 1977 970

BR-2 - - - - 50-60

Kalimer 330 110- 1997 - 176.2

PFBR 500 - - 84.5



Relatively cost of world’s fast reactors and CEFR

费用（亿元）

28.75

20.5818.69

23.14

94.6

6.7

10.42

0.8

81.4

21.97

0

20

40

60

80

100

F

B

T

R

D

F

R

E

B

R

-

I

I

K

N

K

-

I

I

F

F

T

F

E

B

R

-

I

F

e

r

m

i

R

a

p

s

o

d

i

e

K

a

l

i

m

e

r

P

F

B

R

Based on the scaling method, A=A0(P/P0)X, calculated the proximately

invest of CEFR from the other fast reactor’s cost



①①①① FFTF is a neurotic’s irradiation facility with multiplied

function. The design of FFTF is quite different compared

with CEFR. So this two reactor should not be compared in

the view of the capital cost.

②②②② The EBR-I, Rapsodie, Fermi and FBTR all are test reactor.

It is difficulty to calculate their cost clearly. At some time,

the safety requirement is quite simple in those ages.

③③③③ The FBTR, DFR, EBR-II and the KNK-II have similar

technical selection, so their calculation result could be

referred.

Relatively cost of world’s fast reactors and CEFR







Fast Reactor


of CFR-600




Parameters value

Thermal power, MW ～1500

Electricity power, MW 600

Thermal efficient ～41%

Capacity 80%

Design life, year 60

Fuel MOX

Maximum burn-up, MWd/kg 100

Breeder ratio 1.2

Circuits of each loop 2/2

Pumps of each loop 1/1

IHXs of each loop 2

CDF <10-6

LRF <10-8

CFR-600



CFR-600



①①①① High burn-up of the fuel to try to lengthens the during time

between two fuel exchange

②②②② Optimize the spent fuel cleaning and new fuel handling

program to try to shorten the fuel exchange during

③③③③ longer lifetime

④④④④ Compact reactor building and optimize the number and the

area structure of the buildings in the plant

⑤⑤⑤⑤ Modulated SG configuration

Economic consideration of CFR-600



⑥⑥⑥⑥ Higher heat efficiency

⑦⑦⑦⑦ Earthquake isolation design of the reactor building

⑧⑧⑧⑧ Optimized technical specification based on the PSA to

improve the economic during operation

⑨⑨⑨⑨ Optimized reactor block integrity design with 3-D

technology to reduce the steel consumption

⑩⑩⑩⑩ Advanced coordination design system to regulation all the

design work. So can easily handle the modification,

manufacture, installation, commissioning and operation.

Economic consideration of CFR-600







Fast Reactor


of CFR-600

�Conclusion and Suggestion



①①①① More and more fast reactor could be appearing in

the world currently and near future.

②②②② China get the little experience and practice about

the economics issues of sodium cooled fast reactor.

③③③③ The economic issues become more and more

important for the deplot of fast reactor.

CONCLUSION

INPRO



①①①① A authoritative economic evaluation solution for

fast reactor and related fuel cycles facilities is

necessary. The solution may be developed by the

interested country together to share the only few of

data, experience and methodology for that.

②②②② A new initiative to help to share the economic

information for fast reactor and related fuel cycle

facilities is necessary. The meeting like TM-44899

organized by the IAEA is very beneficial for this

topic and hopes to continue.

SUGGESTION



Thanks for your attention!

ecnomic essues of fast reactor in china - · pdf file · 2013-09-25power plant in...

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