eco mobility based on methane, hydrogen and its mixtures · 2016. 2. 4. · page 1 a3ps conference...

A3PS Conference Vienna 2011

Eco Mobility Based on Methane, Eco Mobility Based on Methane, Eco Mobility Based on Methane, Eco Mobility Based on Methane, Hydrogen and its MixturesHydrogen and its MixturesHydrogen and its MixturesHydrogen and its Mixtures

Univ.-Prof. Dr. Helmut Eichlseder Univ.-Doz. Dr. Manfred Klell

Institute for Internal Combustion Engines and ThermodynamicsGraz University of Technology, HyCentA Research GmbH

Institute for Internal Combustion Engines and Thermodynamics, Graz University of Technology Pa

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IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionFirst application more than 200 years agoFirst application more than 200 years agoFirst application more than 200 years agoFirst application more than 200 years ago

Storage Device

Cylinder

PistonIgnition

1807 François Isaac de Rivaz 1807 François Isaac de Rivaz

1860 Etienne Lenoir1860 Etienne Lenoir

Quelle:http://www.h2mobility.org/

1933 Norsk Hydro 1933 Norsk Hydro

1939 Rudolf A. Erren1939 Rudolf A. Erren


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Injection chamber

Combustion ProcessDevelopment tools

Reaction ChemistrySimulation

Thd. Single cylinderResearch engine

3D CFD Simulation

ClosedClosedLoopLoop

Transparent Engine


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Experience Hydrogen / CNG ICEExperience Hydrogen / CNG ICEExperience Hydrogen / CNG ICEExperience Hydrogen / CNG ICE

Pspez >100 kW / dm3


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BLENDS

Hydrogenexternal

2932.9783

Methaneexternal

2933.4090

Hydrogen combustionHydrogen combustionHydrogen combustionHydrogen combustion

FuelMixture formationMixture temperature [K]Mixture calor. Value [MJ/m3]Full load potential [%]

Assumptions:λλaηenVH

= 1= const.= const.= const.= const.

Gasolineexternal

2933.59100


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BLENDS

Hydrogenexternal

2932.9783

Methaneexternal

2933.4090

Mixtures Hydrogen Mixtures Hydrogen Mixtures Hydrogen Mixtures Hydrogen ---- MethaneMethaneMethaneMethaneSpecific COSpecific COSpecific COSpecific CO2222----EmissionEmissionEmissionEmission

150

200

250sp

ec. C

O2

in g

/Wh

Gasoline

0 50Vol-%H2 -content in CH4


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Mixtures Hydrogen Mixtures Hydrogen Mixtures Hydrogen Mixtures Hydrogen ---- MethaneMethaneMethaneMethaneLean operation limitLean operation limitLean operation limitLean operation limit

1

2

3sp

ez.

CO

2in

g/W

hm

ax

0 50Vol-%H2 content in CH4

BLENDS

Hydrogenexternal

2932.9783

Methaneexternal

2933.4090


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Mixtures Hydrogen Mixtures Hydrogen Mixtures Hydrogen Mixtures Hydrogen ---- MethaneMethaneMethaneMethaneAcceleration of combustion Acceleration of combustion Acceleration of combustion Acceleration of combustion efficiency potentialefficiency potentialefficiency potentialefficiency potential

30

40

spez

. C

O2

in g

/Wh

max

Effic

ienc

y in

%

0 50Vol-%H2 -contentin CH4

* Indicated efficiencyat 2000 rpm,pe=6 bar, =1,6

* BLENDS

Hydrogenexternal

2932.9783

Methaneexternal

2933.4090


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Engine modificationsEngine modificationsEngine modificationsEngine modifications

Adaptions of M271KE:

� Adaption of gas-rail with new injectors (configuration equal to original position)

� Design and prototype production of an aluminium intake manifold


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0

Engine modificationsEngine modificationsEngine modificationsEngine modifications

� Original engine control used:Main ECU:

captures: Data of all conventional engine sensorscontrols: throttle valve, bypass valve,

ignition timing, injection signal

CNG ECU:captures: Data of all gas specific sensors

controls: all 4 injectors for gasoline and gas, tank valves

� Application, calibration for hydrogen:

All adapted reference data in main ECU: air fuel ratio, amount of air, nominal torque, ignition timing

Goal of application: lean engine operation, high efficiency, same torque with gasoline and hydrogen


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Erdgas Wasserstoff

Variable Kraftstoffzusammensetzung:

BM

EP

[bar

]

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Speed [rpm]1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Hydrogen

75 Vol% H2 in CH4

50 Vol% H2 in CH4

CH4

λ=1.0

λ=1.6

λ=1.0

λ=1.0

λ=1.0

λ=1.0 λ=1.0

λ=1.9λ=1.8

λ=1.7

λ=1.4λ=1.4

Results of engine operation on teststandResults of engine operation on teststandResults of engine operation on teststandResults of engine operation on teststandFull load H2 vs. CNG, Gasoline Full load H2 vs. CNG, Gasoline Full load H2 vs. CNG, Gasoline Full load H2 vs. CNG, Gasoline potential of H2CNGpotential of H2CNGpotential of H2CNGpotential of H2CNG----mixturesmixturesmixturesmixtures


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� Tank system (350 bar)

� Gas-tight encapsulation

� Injectors

� ELGASS

Vehicle modifications


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Vehicle modifications

� Fuel supply system with

� Type 3 Tanks for 350 bar H 2

• Mercedes: 1.7 kg H 2 (56.6 kWh)

• Mitsubishi: 2.4 kg H 2 (78.9 kWh)

� Pipes (hydrogen compatible materials)

� Pressure conditioning

� Mechanical and thermal safety release systems

� H2 - detectors


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Injector

Hydrogen inlet

Hydrogen detector� internal leakage

� external leakage

� endurance test

� flow field (performance maps)

Injector Teststand


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� Gas-detection

� bi-fuel switch

� gas mass

� gas consumption

� leakage control

� touchscreen

ELGASS – Electronic Gas-safety-system


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ELGASS on board Mercedes


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Schematic fuel supply system


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Framework Directive 2007/46/EC for the type approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate t echnical units intended for such vehicles

Subject matter:• Hydrogen powered vehicles• Componentes, systems for hydrogen powered vehicles

Technical requirements in single directives/regulatio ns e.g.:Emissions Regulation (EC) No 715/2007Wasserstoffsystem Regulation (EC) No 79/2009

Regulation (EC) No 79/2009:Basic requirements for hydrogen components and system an d the installationof such components and systems (concerning the H 2-system)

Implementing Regulation (EU) No 406/2010:Implementing Regulation (EC) No 79/2009 with detailed r equirements

Type approval of H 2-vehicles


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Single approval of prototype

� Design of the hydrogen fuel supply system on the ba sis of• Regulation (EC) No 79/2009• Technical guideline for NG-vehicles (AUT):

ÖVGW G95 (ECE-R-110 u. 115)

� technical certification: • TÜV Austria Automotive

� Approval at the Fachabteilung 17B – Kraftfahrwesen u nd Sicherheitsdienst des Landes Steiermark

� single approval based on • Legal basis: §§§§28 und §§§§34 des Kraftfahrgesetzes

1967, BGBl. Nr. 267/1967 i.d.g.F.


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Fire security

The pictures below show a fire security test with two vehicles using a compressed hydrogen fuel tank (left) and conventional gasoline fuel tank (right). 140 seconds after the ignition all of the hydrogen is burnt. The vehicle with the hydrogen tank is only damaged in near the tank system. The fire at the gasoline vehicle flashes over to the interior and finally to the whole vehicle.

[Swain2001]

Fire tests with fuel tanks for hydrogen (left) and gasoline (right) after 0, 3, 60, 90, 140 and 160 seconds [Swain2001]


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Road to sustainable eco mobilityRoad to sustainable eco mobilityRoad to sustainable eco mobilityRoad to sustainable eco mobilityNatural gas / hydrogen mixtures

Infrastructure

Vehicle

Internal combustion engine

Synergy effects: storage and distributionBridging effect from CNG to H2

Gradual implementation of regenerative hydrogen production

Synergy effects: gas leading componentsHigher storage density vs pure hydrogen

CO2-reductionLean operation due to broader ignition limits

Faster combustion: higher efficiency

eco mobility based on methane, hydrogen and its mixtures · 2016. 2. 4. · page 1 a3ps conference...

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