Cost of mining : Capital and operating costs; factors affecting operating cost; methods of estimatingfuture costs; standard cost and forecast; budget and budgetary control.Mine examination and valuation : Examination and valuation of mines/mineral properties;, Hoskoldand modern concepts, present value computation;.Economic feasibility studies : Need for economic analysis; techno-economic analysis data estimates;methods of investment appraisal; risk analysis; societal versus private interest economic evaluation.