ecogeographical approaches to characterize cwr adap ve traits … › ngdoc › nordgen › eucarpia...

Ecogeographical approaches to characterize CWR adap�ve traits useful

for crop adapta�on

José M. Iriondo1, Mauricio Parra2, M. Luisa Rubio1, Elena Torres3, Rosa García4 1 Depto. Biología y Geología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain,

2 FAO. Division on the Intern. Treaty on Plant Gene�c Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome, Italy 3 Depto. Biología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica, Madrid, Spain

4 Centro de Recursos Fitogene�cos (CRF), INIA, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

Pre-‐breeding – fishing in the gene pool, EUCARPIA Gene�c Resources sec�on mee�ng. June 10-‐13 2013, Alnarp, Sweden

European Commission, 2007, ECCP

Crop adapta�on and climate change

Environmental change

Addi�ve gene�c varia�on

Adap�ve evolu�on

  Wild plants: – Migra�on –  Adap�ve evolu�on

Moving phenotypic op�ma and adap�ve evolu�on


Gomulkiewicz & Holt (1995)

  Wild plants: –  Adap�ve evolu�on


Gomulkiewicz & Holt (1995)

  Crops: –  Ar�ficial selec�on –  Addi�ve gene�c varia�on: (CWR)

Need to op�mize search for CWR germplasm accessions and

popula�ons

  The most representa�ve collec�on with the least accessions   Popula�on/accessions most likely to have the gene�c addi�ve variance for the desired traits

Ecogeographical approach

G E GxE Trait

Parra-‐Quijano, M., Iriondo, J.M. y Torres, M.E. A review of applica�ons of ecogeography and geographic informa�on systems in plant gene�c resources. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research (2012) 10:419-‐429.


  Adap�ve gene�c diversity is modulated by natural selec�on   Limi�ng environmental condi�ons shape adap�ve traits

  Gene�c flux   Muta�on   Dri�

  Epistasis   Dominance

Genotype x Environment Environment

Natural Selec�on

Addi�ve gene�c variance

Genotype

Trait


  Gene�c flux   Muta�on   Dri�

  Epistasis   Dominance

Genotype x Environment Environment

Natural Selec�on

Addi�ve gene�c variance

Genotype

Trait   Adap�ve gene�c diversity is modulated by natural selec�on   Limi�ng environmental condi�ons shape adap�ve traits

Temperature, rainfall, bioclima�c indices, etc.

Slope, orienta�on, eleva�on, la�tude/longitude, etc.

Soil type, pH, salinity, organic C, soil texture etc.

Environmental factors that characterize the adap�ve landscape

… over 100 variables available from different sources (WorldClim, FAO, NOAA, etc.)


Ecogeographical Land Characteriza�on Maps

Genera�on of ecogeographical categories in a territory

Ecogeographical Land Characteriza�on Maps

  To combine clima�c, edaphic and geographic data to enable the predic�on of pa�erns of adap�ve gene�c varia�on according to geographic origin (Peeters et al., 1990)

Parra-‐Quijano, M., Iriondo, J.M., Torres, E. Ecogeographical land characteriza�on maps as a tool for assessing plant adapta�on and their implica�ons in agrobiodiversity studies. Gene�c Resources and Crop Evolu�on (2012) 59: 205-‐217

  To obtain a complete ecogeographical characteriza�on of each germplasm accession

  Over 100 ecogeographical variables associated to each accession with quality georeferencing data.

Ecogeographical Characteriza�on of Germplasm Collec�ons

Ecogeographical Core Collec�ons   Ecogeographic core collec�ons provide good representa�on of the gene�c diversity of the original collec�on.   Valida�on of ecogeographic core collec�ons using phenotypic data

Ecogeographical Core Collec�on

P

E

Phenotypic Core Collec�on REPRESENTATIVENESS

ü Phaseolus vulgaris seed collection

ü 15 morphological variables

ü Ecogeographical Core Colections compared to Phenotypic Core Collections and phenotypically assessed

Ecogeographical Core Collec�ons

Phaseolus vulgaris Core Collec�ons


UPGMA-D Coverage WM-P Coverage CEM-P Coverage

Phaseolus vulgaris Core Collec�ons


This was assesed with landraces. Be�er results expected with CWRs.

Iden�fica�on of geographic gaps

Op�mized collec�on of CWR germplasm

  No characteriza�on of CWR gene�c diversity.   Efficient representa�on of adap�ve gene�c diversity in CWRs   Most representa�ve collec�on with the fewest accessions   Ecogeographical representa�vity to adequately represent gene�c diversity useful to breeders

Identification of ecogeographic gaps

Low – null representa�on


Predic�ve distribu�on map for Lupinus species

Ecogeographic gaps in high species richness areas


Parra-‐Quijano, M., Iriondo, J.M., Torres, E. Improving representa�veness of genebank collec�ons through species distribu�on models, gap analysis and ecogeographical maps. Biodiversity and Conserva�on (2012) 21:79–96.

Prioritized locations for collecting Lupinus species in Spain


CRF Collec�ons

Focused Iden�fica�on Germplasm Strategies

  Mackay (1986, 1990, 1995)   Select accessions/popula�ons most likely to have desired gene�c varia�on for a target trait   Applied to tradi�onal varie�es. Even more appropriate for CWR.   Using ecogeographical data for predic�on of phenotypic traits before evalua�on trials.   FIGS subsets ≠ core collec�ons

Temperature

Salinity score

Elevation

Rainfall

Agro-climatic zone

Disease distribution

F I G SOCUSED DENTIFICATION OF ERMPLASM TRATEGY

Data layers sieve accessions

based on latitude & longitude

Illustration by Mackay (1995)

GIS layers /

Ecogeographical variables

Germplasm

Filtering

Selected Brassica CWR populations with De Martonne aridity index values < 10

ELC map for Brassica L. Annual Precipitation map (Bioclim12)

Brassica CWR populations

Beta L., Brassica L. and Lupinus L.

Traits: Tolerance to drought and salinity


Subset of first 100 Brassica CWR populations with the lowest De Martonne aridity index values

  Wild populations of L. angustifolius L. from the Iberian Peninsula:

  Semiarid

  Subhumid

  Humid

Common garden

Reciprocal sowing in native localities

De M

aerto

nne a

ridity

categ

ories

Year 2013

Year 2014

Culture cycle for:

Evaluation under different water availability conditions

Seed production

Reducing maternal effects


If we are able to map the different adap�ve scenarios for the target species, we can:

§  Carry out efficient germplasm collec�ons

§  Create ecogeographical core collec�ons (ex situ or in situ)

§  Complement genotypic/phenotypic characteriza�on

§  Determine op�mal places to mul�ply/regenerate germplasm

Conclusion

§  Iden�fy popula�ons/accessions most likely to have the desired traits

  CAPFITOGEN: Workshops for strengthening the capacita�on of na�onal programs of plant gene�c resources in La�n America – Interna�onal Treaty PGRFA (h�p://www.plan�reaty.org/es/capfitogen) –  ELC Mapas: Ecogeographical Land Characteriza�on Maps –  GEOQUAL: Assessment of quality of georreferencing informa�on –  Representa: Analysis of ecogeographical representa�veness –  ECOGEO: Ecogeographic characteriza�on of germplasm –  ColNucleo: Genera�on of Ecogeographic Core Collec�ons –  DIVmapas : Maps of high ecogeographical, phenotypic, gene�c diversity areas –  FIGS_R: Selec�on of germplasm through the applica�on of abio�c filters

  Available for analysis of whole European territory and 34 European countries –  On demand: [email protected], [email protected] –  Shortly as tools in the “cloud” available through internet

On-‐coming ecogeographic tools

Thank you!

ecogeographical approaches to characterize cwr adap ve traits … › ngdoc › nordgen › eucarpia...

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