ecological functions of thraustochytrids in the ocean carbon cycling prof./director david guangyi...
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Ecological Functions of Thraustochytrids Ecological Functions of Thraustochytrids
in the Ocean Carbon Cyclingin the Ocean Carbon Cycling
Prof./Director David Guangyi WangProf./Director David Guangyi Wang
Center for Marine Environmental EcologyCenter for Marine Environmental Ecology
Tianjin University, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin University, Tianjin, China
Oceanography-2014Oceanography-2014
Hampton In Tropicana, Las Vegas, USAHampton In Tropicana, Las Vegas, USA
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TJU Center for Marine Environmental Ecology
Tianjin University
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Labyrinthulomycetes Heterotrophic fungoid (fungal-like) protists
Unicellular eukaryotic organisms & ubiquitous in marine
environment;
Producing various enzymes through them, and
functioning as remineralizers in the ocean;
Classified into 3 groups: labyrinthulids, thraustochytrids
and aplanochytrids;
Occasionally found in high numbers in the water column
and microbial carbon biomass of proportions equaling
that of bacterioplankton;
Potential important function in microbial food web.
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Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
a Epifluorescence micrograph of acriflavine-stained cell. b Cells attached to the surface of single pine pollen (marked with arrow). c Phase contrast photomicrograph of Aurantiochytrium sp. (Singh & Wang, 2014)
Abundance by direct counting (Singh et al., 2014)
2014
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Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
Singh et al., 2014
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Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
Singh et al., 2014
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Marine Labyrinthulomycetes
Photomicrograph of an acriflavine-stained thraustochytrid cell (marked by arrow) from a natural sample on a black filter membrane (Demare, 2008)
10 µm
Labyrinthulomycetes(mainly marine)
Labyrinthulids
Thraustochytrids
20.6x10-12 g carbon/cell
3.02x10-15 g carbon/cell (Bac)=682
Biomass of thraustochytrids in some marine habitats
Raghukumar, 2002
2.6 µg C/ml
27 µg C/ml
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Thraustochytrids (cont’d)Abundance in the equatorial Indian Ocean
CTD stations in the equatorial Indian
Ocean during the cruise of ORV Sagar
Kanya.
October 2004
16.1 µg C/L15.8 µg C/L
94.4 % of Thr+Bac
Damare & Raghukumar, 2008
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Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
September 2006
September 2003
October 2004
Relationship between
thraustochytrids and bacteria
varied with sampling time.
Biotic and abiotic factors, which
affect the abundance of
thraustrochytrids, remain unknow.
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Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
Vertical distribution of thraustochytrids in Hawaiian waters (Li et al, 2013)
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Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
(Li et al, 2013)
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Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
Correlation analysis
(Li et al, 2013)
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Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
Living styles Low diversity(Li et al, 2013)
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Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
11%
52% 57%
Thraustochytrid frequency and biomass
with respect to bacterial biomass during
three cruises (Damare 2008).
We are likely ignoring
more than half of
secondary production in
the oceans!!!!
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Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
Changes in abundance of fluorescently-labeled thraustochytrids (FLT) and bacteria due to microzooplankton grazing with respect to time (Damare & Raghukumar, 2014).
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Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
Fatty acid profile
Nile red staining
Liu et al, 2013
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Summary on Thraustochytrids
1. Significant role in ocean carbon cycling and seconday
production (frequency and biomass), but with low
diversity;
2. Unknown relationship with other biological
environmental factor;
3. Rich in fatty acids and potential application in DHA
and biodiesel production.
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Mycoloop of Marine Food Web
Alster & Zohary, 2007
Thraostochytrids
zoospores
????
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Acknowledgements• Funding Agencies
– US DOE, Hydrogen Program & ocean renewable energy center– NOAA, OHII– NOAA, UH Sea Grant– State Oceanic Administration (China)– Natural National Science Foundation (China)
• People working on the projectsZheng Gao, Alan Wang, Lydia Li, Shoko Kono Juanita Mathews, Dongping Lu, Seohyoung Kim,Fang Qi, Ping Zhu
• Collaborators– Zackary Johnson (Duke)– Karen Selph (UH-Manoa)– Seung-sep Kim (KORDI)– Zongze Shao (Third Inst. of Oceanography, China)– Nianzhi Jiao (Xiaman U, China)
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Thanks!Thanks!