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PH—1902D1229
MODERN SANITATION LANDFILLREMEDIAL ACTION MASTER PLAN
ANDREMEDIAL INVESTIGATION/FEASIBILITY STUDY
, ..,. , = WORK PLAN _- _ : \~'
FINAL DRAFT
May 1986
Prepared for:
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIADEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
BUREAU OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTP.O. Box 2063
Harrisfaurg, PA. 17120 P F P C" [ \/ ET H
HBION OF EMBSESW i F2BJL KSP!
MAY 1 6 l £.
Waste Management
ecology and environment, inc.195SUGG ROAD, P.O. BOX D, BUFFALO, NEW YORK 14225, TEL, 716-632-4491Internationa! Specialists in the Environment
recyded paper 5R30027U
TABLE OF CONTENTS
REMEDIAL ACTION MASTER PLAN,
Section . Page
1 . INTRODUCTION ..............;.."...........".......... 1-11.1 -REMEDIAL ACTION MASTER PLAN (RAMP) ............. 1-1
1.1.1 Purpose ..................r............. 1-11.1.2 ...Scope.".....;:\..,........;..;.....;....... 1-2
1.2 RI/FS WORK PLAN ................................ 1-21.2.1 -Purpose .......................;......... 1-21.2.2 Scope ................................... 1-3
2. __:: - - SITE:__DESCRIPTION ...,,.,,...„,,"."...,;.....,.......,. .2-12.1 SITE LOCATION AND LAYOUT ....................... 2-12.2 SITE OWNERSHIP ................................. 2-42.3 Slir HISTORY ................................... 2-42.4 GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ............... 2-62.5" COMMUNITY RELATIONS CONCERNS ................... 2-7
3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ................................. 3-13.1 -TOPOGRAPHY ...................................... 3-13.2 -SURFACE WATER ................................... 3-23.3 GEOLOGY AND SOILS .......;;.......,............. 3-2
3.3.1 Geology ................................. 3-23.3.2 soils ......,;v...;..:..........v........ 3-3."
3.4 HYDROGEOLOGY ...............T................... 3-113.5 'CLIMATE ....:...:;r.;............;.,............ 3-153.5" POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ........................ 3-15
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Table of Contents (Cont.)
Section . . . . . . , - _ . _ „• Page
4 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES .................;.............. 4-14.1 LOCATION ON- AND OFF-SITE ...................... 4-14.2 ENVIRONMENTAL QUANTITIES AND CONCENTRATIONS .... 4-54.3 PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES .... 4-8
5 POTENTIAL RECEPTORS/PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNS .......... 5-15.1 DIRECT CONTACT ................................. 5-15.2 AIR PATHWAY .................................... 5-15.3 SURFACE WATER PATHWAY .......................... 5-25.4 GROUNDWATER PATHWAY ............................ 5-2-5.5 FIRE AND EXPLOSION ............................. 5-25.6 REPORTED HEALTH PROBLEMS ON- AND OFF-SITE ...... 5-2
6 EVALUATION OF EXISTING DATA ......................... 6-16.1 DATA SUFFICIENCIES/DEFICIENCIES ................ 6-16.2 RISKS IDENTIFIABLE BASED ON EXISTING DATA .-.;.. 6-36.3 POTENTIAL RISKS ........................... , ... 5-4
RI/FS WORK PLAN
7 SCOPE OF WORK ....................................... 7-17.1 INITIAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION (IRI) ........... 7-1
Task 1: Data Evaluation and Initial SiteReconnaissance ........................ 7-1
Task 2: Health and Safety Plan ................ 7-3Task 3: QA/QC Plan ............................ 7-4Task 4: Site Operations Plan .................. 7-6Task 5: Community Relations Support ........... 7-7
7.2 REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION (RI) .................... 7-8.Task 6: Site-Management ....................... 7-8Task 7: Well Inventory/Data Analysis .......... 7-8Task 8: Fracture Trace Analysis ............... 7-9Task 9: Geophysical Investigation. ............. 7-9
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Table of Contents (Cont.)
Section --_ -="=__ _•;__•;-- -;_ = ."'i~'. '."" : ". . Page
7 "Task 10: Surface Water/Sediment Sampling ...... 7-11Task 11: Freshwater Aquatic Life Study
(Optional) ............................ 7-12Task 12:- Phase I:. Hydrogeologic
Investigation............"............. 7-12Task 13: Data Analysis ......................... 7-23Task 14: Phase II: Hydrogeologic
Investigation ........................ 7-24Task 15: Remedial Investigation Report ........ 7-24Task 16: Risk Assessment ...................... 7-25.
7.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY (FS) ......................... 7-26Task 17: FS Management .,-,.... ..r,............. 7-26Task 18: Identify Remedial Action "Objectives
and Alternatives ....»..».....'.<...... 7-26Task 19: Screen Alternatives .................. 7-27Task 20: Recommend and Conduct Additional
Engineering Studies .................. 7-28Task 21: Evaluate" Alternatives ................ 7-29Task 22: Prepare Conceptual Design ............ 7-31Task 23: Prepare Final'FS Report .............. 7-32
8 PROJECT SCHEDULE ..V.. .... ...................... 8-1
9 BIBLIQGRAPHY ........................................ 9-1
Appendix _ T . ~ ....-..::.__:_--"- ._: - - - - - - - - _ _ - — - - - - - :
A CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTAMINANTS DETECTED INGR'OUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER AT THE MODERNSANITARY LANDFILL ................................... A-l
B . A SUMMARY OF VOLATILE. ORGANIC ANALYSES"ASAVAILABLE FOR THE INDICATOR CONTAMINANTS ............ B-l
C .. - A SUMMARY "OF INORGANIC ANALYSES AS . "AVAILABLE FOR FOUR ELEMENTS OF.CONCERN .............. C-l
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure .=— - :.- — • - - - _ • • ; Page
2-1 SCA Modern Landfill, York County, Pennsylvania ........ 2-2
2-2 Site Layout Map ....................................... 2-3
3-1 Site Drainage .......................................... 3-3
3-2 Geologic Map .......................................... 3-4
3-3 Geologic Profile ...................................... 3-5
3-4 Geologic Cross Section, Western Perimeter ............. 3-7
3-5 Soil Location Map ................;'.................... 3-9
3-6 : Groundwater Contour Map ................................ 3-12
3-7 Upper Saprolite Area .................................. 3-14-
3-8 Lower SaprolHe Area .................................. 3-15
4-1 Modern Landfill General Site Map ...................... 4-2
7-1 Proposed Geophysical Survey Boundaries ................ 7-10
7-2 Proposed Surface Water/Sediment Sampling Locations .... 7-13
7-3 Proposed Monitoring Well Locations .................... 7-15
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LISTDF TABLES
Table _ : ; ; " :., -"" ; ' " Page
3-1 Results of Permeabi 1 ity Testing"....,"..... .7." .7........ 3-10
4-1 Site-Related" Wells .................................... 4-3
7-1 Well Sample Number Estimation .......".".."".....;......... 7-21
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REMEDIAL ACTION MASTER PLAN (RAMP)
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INTRODUCTION
This Remedial Action Master Plan'("RAMP) and Remedial Investiga-tion/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) Work Plan has been prepared by Ecologyand Environment, Inc.", (E & E) under contract to the PennsylvaniaDepartment of Environmental Resources (PADER) for the Modern Sanita-tion Landfill site" in Windsor and Lower Windsor Townships, YorkCounty, Pennsylvania. The RAMP/Work Plan was prepared in accordancewith the National Contingency Plan (NCR) (47 FR 137, July 16, 1982),pursuant to Section 105-of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation, and Liability Act of; 1980 (CERCLA). Remedial actionsare responsesrito sites sn the.National Priorities List (NPL) thatrequire .-long-term efforts" consistent with permanent site remedy toprevent or mitigate the migration of hazardous substances. Specificaspects of reined fat "Actions are presented as Phase VI, Section 300.68,of the NCP. " :~ "
The .purpose .of the R'AMP/Work Plan is to outline the tasks whichmust be completed and the information "which must be collected to com-ply with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Q-SEPA) requirements foran RI/FS. The RAMP/Work Plan incorporates' all available informationfrom PADER "and USEPA files, and data from outside sources. ' '
1.1 REMEDIAL ACTION MASTER PLAN (RAMP)1.1.1-Purpose. .r_._—;;;-=_ --^^-_- . . i .-—r L__-r-— -_... . : • ••-
The objective of th.e:RAMP is to~summarize alT'available data usedin the development of the RI/FS Work Plan.
1-1
1.1.2 Scope . _, . '• '- .L.-=Existing data on the physical characteristics of the site, site .
history, environmental setting, potential receptors, hazardous sub-stances, and environmental pathways of contamination were collectedfrom USEPA and PADER files and reports, preliminary assessments, siteinvestigation reports, Hazard Ranking System data sets, local govern-ment reports, and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maps.
Sections 2 through 5 present the compiled data. Section 2 is asite description and history; Section 3 describes the environmentalsetting; Section 4 provides data on the hazardous substances asso-ciated with the site; Section 5 identifies the potential receptors andpublic health concerns.
Section 6 evaluates these data. The data base is also used:toidentify site-specific problems, pathways of contaminant migration,potential receptors; further data needs for both source control andoff-site remediation; and risks associated with the site. Section 6also addresses data sufficiencies and deficiencies.-
1.2 RI/FS WORK PLANRemedial activities are currently underway at the Modern Sanita-
tion Landfill site, pursuant to the Consent Order and Agreement, whichis discussed in Section 2.4. Because the site is. active,-it was:necessary to "stop time" in terms of writing this, RAMP Work Plan.Completed work at the site since the time this document was writtenwill be reviewed as part of the RI.
1.2.1 Purpose . _: :The objectives of the RI/FS at-the Modern Sanitation Landfill
site .are to:
« Identify and verify sources of-Contamination which may beaffecting the environment;
a Provide .a data base for estimating the extent and patterns ofgroundwater, soil, and surface.water "contamination, as we'll asreceptors of concern;
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» Perform a risk assessment of any contaminants of concern anddevelop objectives for mitigation._of_.the site;
• Identify necessary treatability and additional field studiesto aid in determining feasible waste treatments, disposalalternatives, and other potential remedial measures;
• Determine if remedial actions are necessa"ry and what level" andtypes of actions are required;
• If^needed, develop viable remedial alternatives for control orremoval of contaminants or other means of management of thesite; - =. -- - - - - -
• Select the most cost-effective arid environmentally sound reme-dial alternative;
• Develop preliminary "and'final conceptual engineering designsand cost estimates for selected remedial measures; and
• Develop the final RI/FS report.
1.2.2. ..-Scope . ..' = ;: -. -- -..I-: ;• _ rThe scope of work for the IRI/FS has been'divided into three
parts: - - - . - • - . - - •
* Initial Remedial Investigation (IRI) - to provide basic plan-ning and background data;
• Remedial Investigation (RI) -centering on hydrogeologic fieldinvestigations and sampling programs to determine the natureand extent of site and groundwater contamination; and
• Feasibility Study (FS) - to develop and evaluate remedialaction alternatives based on the results of the RI. Potentialalternatives will be evaluated against criteria which address
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technical, environmental, and economic factors. A conceptualdesign of the selected alternative will be prepared.
The scope of work is provided in Section 7. The scope of work isbased on the data deficiencies identified in the RAMP.
In addition, this Work Plan outlines the schedule, includingmonthly financial and technical progress, reports, implementation of aquality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) plan, and health and safetyrequirements. — —
It is estimated the RI/FS will require approximately nine monthsto complete, following approval of the Work Plan and authorization bythe lead agency to begin.
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SITE.DESCRIPTION
2.1 SITE-.LOCATION AND LAYOUTThe Modern Sanitation Landfill is a 72=-=acre facility located on
Yorkana Road, approximately one-half mileT"south of Route 124 in YorkCounty, Pennsylvania. "The sitejjes southwest of the Borough ofYorkana in Windsor and Lower Windsor Townships. The co-ordinates ofthe site-are 39"57'34" N latitude ^nd 76°35I29" W longitude, as foundon the U.S. Geological Survey S-Mnute Red Lion quadrangle map (seeFigure 2-1). ." _[ ... _ " ~ . "
The. landfill is built into the northern side, of a topographicallyhi-gh area."- .The shape of the landfill is~roughly elliptical, trendingnorthwest-southeast. Two unnamed tributaries. "Df Kreutz Creek par-tially surround "the site:,, one" to the west, and one to the east andnorth. Both tributaries join Kreutz Creek approximately 1,000 feetnorth of the.landfill. At the-northern end of" the site is the water/1eachate..treatment facility. The southern boundary of the site isdefined by an east-west., tree line north, of. the Druck residence (seeFigure 2-2}.,____... . _ _ _ _ . " _ . _ . _ . ._.. .. ._.. _._._ _.~_".= . "...
Land use. in the area is primarily "farming and residential". The"site is bordered on "the west by a__dairy farm;" and dairy herds graze .the land just west .of the; western unnamed,.tributary. Directly north..of the .landfill is a" residential community and an automobile junkyard.Northeast of~the" site are~sever.al residences, and just east of YorkanaRoad .Ties'a~"transf6rmer^'substation. Beyond the .substation and gener-ally along-^the ;eas""tern side are farmlands, the eastern "unnamed
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"* "*" **" '"^ ____" ——• ——B»*
' T 2 i
-- '
PROPERTYLOCATION
'* - N%
I ^>HEINDEL,JR.; a -
i•«— PORTION OF
-x / DRAINAGE— \* VALLEY ALTERED,
RESIDENCE • -/ \/ i / RESIDENUCK.-'V1 N•/;%... x -
; / i *!•"-' .-
"• "..,_ v rr "" ^
SCALE•V4 1 MILE
1 KILOMETER
Figure 2-1 SCA MODERN LANDFILL, YORK COUNTY,PENNSYLVANIA
2-2 AR300286
•LEGENDQ Resldantial Wall Q Sprtnghouse
Source: NUS Corporation, April 1971 33, A Toxieolo'gical Review of ™ =Modern Sanitation LandfiH, and E&E, August, 1985
NOT TO SCALE
Figure 2-2 SITE LAYOUT MAP
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tributary to Kreutz Creek, and small tree groves. The southern edgeof the landfill is bordered by the Druck property and residence.
2.2 SITE OWNERSHIPMr. Horace Heindel, a farmer who resides near the site, is the
owner of the Modern Sanitation Landfill property. The property iscurrently leased to Waste Management, Inc., as of September 1984. SCAServices had leased the land and owned and operated the landfill busi-ness along with a trash hauling business for the site from September1980 until Waste Management's takeover in September 1984. Prior toSeptember 1980 these operations were leased, owned, and operated byModern Trash of York (E & E October 1982). "~"
2.3 SITE HISTORYPrior to its use as a landfill/dump, it is speculated that iron
ore exploratory pits were excavated at the southern end of the land-fill. In the 1940s, the site became a private dump and developed overtime. Into the present 72-acre active facility. A state permit formunicipal waste was issued to the facility in 1978. Hazardous wasteswere received from 1976 to 1979 (E & E October 1982). — -
Groundwater degradation had been detected on both sides of the ..western unnamed tributary downgradient of Springhouse A. Als.o, leach-ate _ seeps had been noticed on the west side of the landfill. In res"ponse to this contamination problem, a leachate interceptor trench wasinstalled along the western perimeter of the site. The interceptortrench consisted of approximately 2,200 feet" of perforated pipe whichwas Installed 5 feet below the water table to a maximum depth of 10 ..."feet. Crushed stone was used to fill in around'the pipe and the5-foot depth of the trench (R.E. Wright Associates May 198,4).
Sampling of the springs west of the site anjd the western unnamedtributary after "the installation of the leachate' interceptor tre'nchagain indicated leachate contamination. This prompted a study todetermine the effectiveness of the interceptor trench. The studydetermined that the trench loses water in its northern portion. SCA""Services requested that a study be completed on the feasibility ofspecially located wells to collect the le.achate (R.E. Wright Associ-ates May 1984). This study was completed pursuant to the Consent
&R300288
Order and Agreement signed on September 20, 1984, by PADER and ModernTrash Removal of York, Inc. Waste Management, Inc., has acceptedresponsibility for the Consent Order and Agreement pursuant to itspurchase agreement with SCA Services. The Consent Order and Agreementaddresses..three"areas of concern at the site: the western perimeter,the northern and eastern perimeters, and the leachate treatmentfacility. For the northern and eastern perimeters of the landfill,leachate collection systems incorporated into the existing leachatetreatment facility are to be designed and implemented. The westernsystem 1s completely installed and is currently in operation.
The Consent Order and Agreement also addresses possible changesin the leachateltreatment facility. Possible modifications are anti-cipated due to additional leachate flow expected from the collectionsystems. The .quantity and quality of wastewater anticipated will beaddressed (PADER September 20, 1984).
Reports on design and implementation of the western leachate col-lection system were submitted by R.E. Wright Associates and approvedby PADER. The collection method is a groundwater interceptor wellsystem. R.E. Wright Associates completed background investigations(Phase I and Phase II) to determine proper siting of each interceptorwell. "" -------_------- _
The geology and hydrogeology of the western perimeter have beencharacterized. The scope of work for the Phase I and Phase II inves-tigations is given below.
Phase I Investigation of Leachate Collection Alternatives in theWestern Perimeter Area included"the following tasks (R.E. Wright Asso-ciates May 1984):
• Review ofT'past geologic investigation;
• Test well installation (W-l, W-2, W-3);
* Pumping tests on wells W-l, W-3, and B-20;
» Establishment of s'tream monitoring "points"£6 determine loca-tions of groundwater inflow and to measure the impact of pump-ing wells upon stream flow;
2-5
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• Sampling of W-l, W-3, and B-20;
* Examination of leachate containment alternatives; and
• Delineation of necessary additional exploratory work.
Phase II Investigation - Installation of Gr;oundwater InterceptorWells in the Western Perimeter Area - included the following tasks(R.E..Wright Associates September 1984):
t Construction of E-series borings to define lithology of.pro-posed interceptor well locations and testing for permeabil-ity;
• Sampling of existing western perimeter wells; and - -
* Installation, pump testing, and sampling of W-series inter-ceptor wells.
Per the COA, a report was submitted by R. E. Wright Associates,toSCA Services detailing the description and specifications for the 'L.western perimeter interceptor well system. — " "
2.4 GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThe.primary problem associated with the~ Modern Sanitation Land-
fill is the contamination of groundwater and surface water., in thevicinity of the site, notably by volatile organises. . Concern over thesurface water contamination of the two unnamed tributaries and off-"".site groundwater contamination led to remedial activities* " . -
2.5 COMMUNITY RELATIONS CONCERNSResidents in the immediate area of the Modern Sanitation Landfill
have expressed considerable concern regarding contamination of ground-water and surface water, and operations at the landfill. 'While the.: "Brown f ami ly was still residing east of the landfill, vo'TaTil.e organ-ics were detected in their well and the Browns detected methane gasemanating from the landfill. Subsequently," SCA Services purchased the
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Brown property and buildings... :Qther. residents, the Drucks, Peters,and Freys (who have since moved), detected contamination in theirwells. Subsequently, it^was discovered that both the Peters' andFreys1 contamination problems were not the result of the landfill (seeSection 4.2). The Druck well is part of the quarterly sampling pro-gram required .by PADER and has since only shown slight chloroform con-tamination. Figure ~4~1 sJ3Q_ws___the locations of the monitoring wells.
A local citizen's group, SCREAM, and a local U.S. Congressman,Bill Goodling, expressed concern, over the:site's operations andrequested a site investigation, whiten was. subsequently performed byUSEPA's Region III Field Investigation. Team (FIT) on June 23, 1982.
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3. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
3.1 TOPOGRAPHYPrior to dumping activities, it is speculated that iron ore.was
mined at the Modern Sanitation Landfill site. This excavation activ-ity would have left pits or trenches which were subsequently used forlandfill activities. As noted in aerial photographs dated October 9,1957, a northwest/southeast-trending ravine^existed along the westernproperty line,-This ravine has since been landfilled. Also, prior .tolandfllling operations, a valley intersected, this ravine,_. Both theravine and the valley are important features in terms of groundwaterand leachate movement in the landfill arelr=(R.E..'Wright Associates1984).
The Modern Sanitation Landfill lies within., the major topographicdivision, the Southeastern Upland, of the Piedmont Uplands'Sectibn ofthe Piedmont Province. The land slopes upward to the south, from the_Hanover-York Valley to the southeastern upland, which is a: deeplyincised plateau in which valley slopes predominate. "This upland.encompasses the southeastern third of York "County "and extends frbrn theSusquehanna River to the Maryland state line at the southwest cornerof the county. The major drainage in this area is toward the Susque-hanna River (Lloyd 1977; Stose 1973).
Characteristic of this Southeastern Upland are highly" resistant"upland rises to the northwest to the Hanover-York Valley, where Itterminates abruptly at 700 to 900 feet. This abrupt boundary deline-ates the quartzose and schistose of thelipland from the limestones ofthe Hanover-York Valley (Stose 1973).
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3.2 SURFACE WATER .Surface water in the area includes Kreutz Creek which flows
north-northeast apprbx'iffiately r,"400 feet tTr.thwest of the site. Twounnamed tributaries,flow into Kreutz Creek and border the site. Theone west of the site^ts.spring-fed. Kreutz Creek supplies water forthe Town of Wrightsvil_le, approximately 5 miles northeast of the site,and empties into the Susquehanna River just .south of the town (Stose1973; see: Figure 2-r-l).
Surface "wa"fer drainage from the fandfill is shown on Figure 3-1.
3.3 GEOLOGY AND SOILS.3.3.1 Geology " '_l'i"T."J-7'J...- "..^ ". -
The site "is located near the northwestern edge of the South-eastern Upland, just south of the Hanover York Valley. The geology inthis area is complex and features sheared .and faulted Cambrian bedrockunits——The~ landfill is located within the Ore Valley Overthrust,which lies .just north of" the major structural" feature, the MarticOverthrust (Sto.se 1973). The fault zones associated with the site areshown on Figuresr3-2 and 3-3. Figure 3-2 shows a cross sectionedarea,-which is profiled On Figure.3-3. --:" ••-
The__two primary rock types afsoctate'd with the Ore Valley Over-thrust at the site, are ..Cambrian Age Harpers phyilite.and Antietamquartzite. Harpers 'phyllite in fresh rock is a finely sparkling,gray-grewrargillaceous, rock, medium-hard and banded-with thin closelyfolded quartzose layers. In a weathered state, Harpers phyllite is_black-green: to rust colored and soft (Ages, August 1982, and Stose ..1973). Harpers phyllite.extends from about well C-8 southward at thesite (sae/-Figur~es 3-2 and"3-3) - "Depth of weathering varies, but isgenerally greater! .than 15 feet. .The strike of the beds is N60°E..andthe dip is 8DaSE. The phyllite is~- less permeable than the other, bed-rock units. . , . - . ; .. ' "-
Antietam quartzite-is gray but weathers" to,_rusty brown on beddingsurface's. "Antietam exists north of well C-8 in the flat-lying valley.The lower part of the,formation is finer gralnCd with streaks of darkargi 11 aceous \matter: "Th Sntietam is ,fnore:.susceptible, to deepweathering and depths to bedrock are greater than 70 feet. This for-mation would normally grade into the .underlying Harpers phyllite.
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METROPOLITANEDISON
POWER COMPANYRIGHTS OF WAY
•LEGEND'
Tomporary Sedimentation Basin ——550——Water Taole Contout.
SOURCE; PADER. August 13, 1975, Modern Landfill, Microfilm Shaat_________Numbai* 11. Coda Number 67 966G _ .:.______,_______
NOT TO SCALE
Figure 3-1 SITE DRAINAGE
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LEGEND
e Harper's Phyllite ::x::::;:::: Chickies Slate __ ........ Fault Line______
_. . _ Downthrown sld« of faultw ChtckreiQ-uartzite Antietum
SOURCE: Qutruii, Frank7A~FTTl_ ill. Saptamber 27, 1 932, Memorandum to Ed Shoenar EPA 111, tnroughJoseph G. McGovarri. FlTL Ml _ ' ' "
SCALE.5 =_ _ 1 . 1.5 MILES
.5 1 1.5... . 2"KILQMETERS
Figure 3-2 GEOLOGIC MAP MODERN LANDFILL SITE
3-4
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*"*tti
.o
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However, due to overthrust faulting in the site area, the units arereversed. Because of the Harpers phyllite overburden, the strike anddip of this structure is unknown. Antietam quartzite weathers into adeep red, sandy soil which, contains abundant quartzite masses and ironore. These iron ore deposits were probably concentrated by waterscirculating~along faults within the Antietam quartzite (Stose 1973).See Figures 3-3 and 3-4 for a geologic cross-section of the site.
Many borings and wells have been completed at the Modern Landfillsite, particularly along the western perimeter. The locations ofthese borings and. wells are on Figure 4-1. The A- and B-series wellslocated on the landfill and along the western perimeter are used tomonitor groundwater and/or leachate quality. The MH-series are man-hole access points to the interceptor trench. The P-series are 18piezometers installed in 1981 along the western unnamed tributary andthe interceptor trench. Wells W-l, W-2, and W-3 were installed as.part of the .Phase I,investigation by R.E. Wright Associates to evalu-ate three topographic areas. Interceptor wells W-4, W-5, W-7, W-8,W-9, W-10, W-ll, W-129 W-13, W-14, and W-15 were completed byR.E. Wright during their Phase II investigation. The H-series wellswere also installed during the Phase.II investigation to determine thedepth to and permeability of the bedrock, and to identify the sub-surf ace 'material at interceptor well locations (R.E. Wright AssociatesAugust 1984).
Overburden in the vicinity of the sites consists of colluviumresidual soil,"and~a regptith that varies in thickness depending onthe mineralogical character of the bedrock units involved (E & EOctober 1982). Borings (C- and P-series borings) were installed tofurther characterize subsurface conditions along the western peri-meter. The subsurface was delineated into four sequential materials:soil, saprolite, weathered bedrock, and bedrock. The soil is a resi-dual or transported fine-grained material. The. s.aprolite is decom-posed bedrock which mimics the relic structure of thevbedrock but iscomposed of friable silt, sand, arid clays. Th.e weathered bedrock isbroken rock created by widenino;_of .joints and fractures by weatheringand groundwater flow. The^bedrock itself is crrelatively hard andcompetent Harpers phyllite or Antietam quartizite, as described
3-6flR300297
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lito.Zccoii_COLU
i zP 2< i_s 5a LLIo co
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> 8-1oLit
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3-7 RR300298
earlier"(R.E. "Wright Associates August^19^4). Harpers phyllite is.found approximately southward from well C-8. .-Iff the"area north ofwell C-8 "Is the Antietam quartzite formation (see. Figures 3-2 and3-3}W *J f * - -- -- — - —- ... - - - ---—— ———-- - ------
During the phase-II. investigation conducted by R.E, Wright Asso-ciates, exploratory work was "conducted to characterize, the westernperimeter in terms of locating and Installing groundwater interceptorwells."= A series"(E-series) of 16 three-Inch diameter borings werecompleted, .ranging from.22 "to.40 feet. From "these borings the depthto bedrock and the lithology at proposed interceptor well locationswere determined. The locations of these E-series wells are shown onFigure 4-1. Results of" the depth to bedrock are shown on Figure 3-4.The specific lithology at interceptor well locations is as follows:at 8-20, deep silt saprolite and weathered quartizite above competentbedrock; W-9 to W-5 area", deep micaceous sapr'oiite and" highlyweathered phyllite "above competent bedrock; E-l to P-15 area, shallowmicaceous, saproTi=te arid deep broken weathered phyllite above competentbedrock. Six of^the E-series borings were tested to determine therelative permeability of the competent hard bedrock. The resultantpermeability values are given in Table 3-1. Permeabiiity valuesranged .from.-0.*052_galIpns per day. per square foot (gpd/ft2) in wellE.-8 to 1,180,0 gpd/ft2 in well E*7. "- ; ::;
3.3.2 Soils V 7';;;. ' '__": /"' '.~ - -,-~7-'~''~~ . VAccording to the.York County Soil Survey,"there are four soil
types in the. immediate site_area (see Figure 3-5). A moderatelyeroded, well-drained Chester silt loam is predominant, having either a3% to Q% sloper (ChB2) or 8% to 25:% .slope (ChC2) (U.S. Department ofAgriculture\L977.)..."' Both;~ChB2 and ChC2 are^used. for. daily cover oper-ations "at the landfill Pennsylvania Department of "("Health 1971). Thenorth-central portion of the site includes severely eroded 8% to 15%sloping well-drained Glerieig chahnery'silt loam (GcC3). To the westand south of the Gleneig soil is Manor channery ,loam (MfD3). Thissoil has a slope of 15% to 25% and is generally yell-drained and.-severely "eroded (U.S. Department of.AgricQTture. 1977).
3-8flR300299
Apprximaw Landfill PropertyBoundary
——•— Tributary to Krautr Creak
CbC2 Soil Location
SOURCE; PADER, August 18, T975, Modern Landfill, Microfilm Shset_________Numbai' 1 I.Perm it Number 100113______________________
SCALEQ..SO_JLQ^^aOO ^ 00 600 ' '. 800'F SET
0_IQ_____5Q______TOO .____________ 200 METERS
Figure 3-5 SOIL LOCATION MAP
RR300300
table 3-1
RESULTS~OF PERMEABILITY TESTING"MODERN LANDFILL SITE
Well
E-T
£-2 v
E-5
E-7
E-.8 __.
-- -- --Hydraulic Conductivity
0.161
- -•.-.. .-r-. : . -1.490
-, -..:- - ---.- ,,,-— i, - 0,260
__ . . - - 1160,0
( GPD/FT2}
.- •
--
Source: R.E/" Wright_ Associates, Inc., August, 1984,SCA-Modern Landfill, York County, Pennsylvania,Phase IIt Investigation Interim ReportInstallation of .Groundwater Interceptor Wellsin the Western Perimeter Area.
SR30030S
3.4 HYDROGEOLOGYIn York County, groundwater may exist under free, unconfined
water table conditions, or under confined, pressurized artesian condi-tions. In the site area, one unconfined groundwater aquifer exists.Topography usually governs overall groundwater patters under non-pumping conditions. However, in the vicinity of the landfill, thecomplex geology dominates groundwater flow and quality. Within theupper bedrock surface, groundwater flows generally in a southeast tonorthwest direction (see Figure 3-6). As evidenced by springs orseeps located west of the landfill, the groundwater flow patterns aredistorted by the effects of overthrust faulting (Ore Valley Over-thrust) and overall tight bedrock structure (E & E October 1982).
As previously mentioned, four basic materials comprise the sub-surface. From top to bottom they are: soil, saprolite, weatheredbedrock, and bedrock. Permeability varies for each material. Char-acteristically in this geologic system, the majority of groundwaterflow occurs within the weathered bedrock and the lower portion of thesaprolite. The depth to this permeable zone is from 5 to 30 feetbelow grade and its thickness ranges from approximately 5 to 35 feet.Figure 3-4 is a cross-section of the subsurface. Water yields will bethe greatest where these zones are the thickest. Minimal groundwaterflows occur within the competent hard bedrock (R.E. Wright AssociatesAugust 1984).
A pumping test was conducted fay Applied GeotechnicaT "aricl Environ-mental Service Corporation (AGES) on a well located just southeast ofthe landfill (Brown new well). The purpose of the pumping test was toaid in explaining the presence of volatile organics in this well, andto evaluate local transmissivity. Results of the pumping test indi-cate an elliptical-shaped cone of depression with its major axis N55E.This ellipsoidal axis coincidents with the approximate strike of theunderlying bedrock. A minimum drawdown of 100 feet was required tomaintain a steady discharge of 1 gallon per minute indicative of the .tight bedrock. As drawdowns increased, well discharge quantitiestended to decrease, indicating slow recharge rates to the. rock frac-tures (AGES December 1982).
A pumping test conducted in the northern end of the site byR.E. Hright Associates in 1975 revealed that groundwater flows were
flR3003Q2
•LEGEND
1 Ground Water"Flow Direction . :•>:•>> Treatment Plant.
——550— Water Level Contour
SOURCE: Weight, R.E. Associatas, Inc., Jvfa'y, 1984, Modern Landfill, York,Pennsylvania. Phase I, Investigation of Leachate Collection
______ Alternative* in the Western Perimeter Area.
SCALE0 TOO dOO_______SQ'O _ 12DO______L6QQ. FEET
0 100 ' 20O_____300 400 METERS
Figure 3-6 GROUNDWATER CONTOUR MAP
ftR300303
three to 24 times greater than those noted in the pumping test to thesouth. This indicates that the pump test in the north may have beenconducted in unconsolidated materials.
In addition to installing three wells (W-l, W-2, and W-3), exist-ing well B-20 was used to characterize the saprolite-filled valley.Well W-l was drilled to a 45-foot depth. Water was encountered 16feet below grade, but the two major water-bearing zones were between20 to 25 feet, which yielded about 10 gallons per minute (gpm), and at40 to 45 feet below grade, which yielded an additional 10 to 15 gpm.Well W-2 was advanced to 73 feet below grade with the only noticeablewater-bearing zone at roughly 40 feet below grade, which yielded about1/2 gpm. Well W-3 was drilled to 49 feet below grade and no water-bearing zone was encountered (R.E. Wright Associates .May 1984). Geo-logic cross sections for wells W-l and W-3 are shown on Figure 3-4).
Pump tests were conducted on W-l, W-3, and B-20. Well W-2:wasomitted from the test due to its low yield. Results of the pump testsin the W-l area indicated that the major water-bearing zones have an. _average transmissivity of 1,000 gallons per day per foot (gpd/ft), anda hydraulic conductivity of 35 gpd/ft2. The majority of groundwaterflow exists in the weathered bedrock and saprolite between 25 to"40_feet below ground level. A pump test on W-3 yielded a transmissivityof 260 gpd/ft. Based on a saturated thickness of 13 feet for thisaquifer, a hydraulic conductivity of 25 gpd/ft^ was determined.Results of a pump test on B-20 indicated a transmissivity of 2,200gpd/ft based.on the rate of drawdown. This data for B-20 correspondswith data from a 1975 pump test on this well which gave a transmis- -sivity of 2,000 gpd/ft (R.E. Wright Associates Hay 198.4).
Results of this Phase I investigation show that the western val-ley at the site can be divided into four distinct hydrogeologic units:the upper saprolite area, the bedrock area,~ the Jower saprolite area,and the saprolite-filled valley area. Each area has a unique flowsystem (see Figures 3-7 and 3-8).
The extent, character, and location of the overthrust fault zoneat the southern part of the site has not been clearly determined.Field observations, geologic mapping, and bedrock structural condi-tions indicate that any fault zone derived from ancient overthrust
3-13
MATCHES WITH FIGURE 3-8
«J.
LEGEND-
^ Phas» M Well Site i..»"« I nt«rceptor Trench
S-X<-:->| Estimated Extent oTLow Permeability Bedrock
L \. 1 Bedrock at or Near Ground Surface
jjgrr Water Table Contour Interval 1 0 Feet,Datum is Mean Sea Level
SOURCE; WrTgh"t',"R'.'E..rAssociaTCs. iric! Mav, 1984, SpA - MoelernLaniifitij y_arK County. Pennsylvania, Phase I (nveitigarion ofUeachate Coiisction Aiternatives ;n -.he Western PerimeterArea__ ____ __ __
SCALE0 _1.qq, 200 . 3QO - 4OO 500, _' 600 FEET
0 - 40 80_______120 160 M E TE RS
_Figiire 3-7 UPPER SAPROLITE AREA
3-14 -.&R3GQ3G5
MATCHES WITH FIGURE 3-7
——————— LEGEND ———————
Phase II Well Site ........ interceptorTrencii
Estimated Ex tent, of Low Permeability Bedrock
1 \T] Bedrock at or Near Ground Surface
Water Tabla Contour Interval 10 Feet,Datum ii Mean Sea Level
SOURCE: Wright, R.E. Awaeiatas. Inc. May, 193d, SCA-EModernLandfill. York County, Pennsylvania, Phase 1 Investigation ofLaachatA Coil act ion Alternatives in the Western PerimeterArea
Figure 3-8 LOWER SAPROLITE AREA
3"15 fiR300305
forces must exist at"increasing depth as one traverses the landfillnorth to south. Since the majority of well yields are low, it isassumed that the. fault zonVhas not been encountered. An exception tothis is the shallow (54-foot) former Brown well, a dug well, which hasproduced greater than minimum water yields.
Geo16g1c~~studies in the area indicate that the fault zone tendsto become.less permeable with increased depth, due to increasinglytight structure. Overall, the bedrock structure 1s tight, and there-fore has relatively low permeability. However, the presence of the .Ore Valley Overthrust fault and its associated joints and fractures,in addition to the breached old iron exploratory pits, provide possi-ble southern outlets for groundwater. and landfill-associated contami-nants (A6ES December 1981).
3.5 CLIMATEYork County's climate is relatively mild and humid, and charac-
terized by warm summers and mild winters. The average annual tempera-ture is 54°F. The mean temperatures for each season are 34°F forwinter, 50°F for spring, 76*F for summer, and 55"F for fall. Theextreme temperatures are above 95°F during summer and below zero inthe winter. The growing, season averages about 160 days, extendingfrom May 1 to October 8. The last killing frgsi usually occurs fromApril 6 to May 27, and the first killing frost occurs from September17 to'November 14. The average annual precipitation for York County,from the meteorological station at York, Pennsylvania, is 41 inches.Snowfall accountsfor approximately 30 Tnches per year (Lloyd 1977;Stose 1973).
3.6 POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONAccording to the Modern Site Inspection Report completed in
August 1982, the population within a 1-mile radius of the site isapproximately 800 people. "This 1-mile radius includes approximately200 buildings (E & E October 19.82). Within a 3-mile radius of thesite, about 819 homes (approximately 3,107 people) use private wells.•Others tfsa the Windsor and East Prospect public supplies (NUS 1984).
3-16 ::""" " "RR300307
4. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
4.1 LOCATION ON- AND OFF-SITEThe type and quantity of hazardous wastes disposed of at the
Modern Sanitation Landfill are unknown. However, it is reported thatthe following were disposed of at the site: acid solutions with a pHless than 3, base solutions with residues, inorganics, and miscellane-ous waste materials (E & E August 1982). Early investigations of thesite were prompted by on-site monitoring well analyses, off-site pri-vate well contamination reports, and analyses of nearby surfacewaters. Some of the site monitoring wells shown on Figjjre 4^1 .havebeen abandoned by approval of PADER. Table 4-1 .lists the existingwells. Figure 7-2 shows surface water sampling points. .. . ---
Elevated concentrations of volatile organics were found withinlandfill groundwater at monitoring wells A-l and A-2. This area isthe deepest part of the landfill, where previous iron ore explorationsupposedly occurred and hazardous wastes were buried. This area isconsidered the primary source of contamination which has been detectedat the landfill perimeter zones (AGES December 2, 1982). Monitoringwells B-l, B-3, and B-15 .showed contamination by benzene, vinylchloride, B-BHC, perchToroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE),chloroform, dichloroethylenes, lead, zinc, cadmium, iron, and manga-nese (NUS 1983).
Many private wells in the vicinity of _the landfill have beensampled and analyzed through the years. In particular, three privatewells showed contamination. NUS Corporation sampled the Peters, Frey,and Druck wells in th'e spring of 1983 and detected low-level organic
4-1 RR300308
. WASTEX TREATMEN_^T - PLANT
% \ 1jl ;5vs V rfv-N n soo____3iJj»-4Hl .m f
lv#/TTRANSFORMERSTATION
Western PerimeterCollection System
SOURCE: R.E. Wright Awoci>te«, Inc., Auguit 1984, Phase II Investigation InwiniReport.
SCALEI _ J!OO 400 ' 600 800 1000 1200 FEET
o so TOO gqg 300 METERG
Figure 4-1 MODERN LANDFILL SITE MAP
4-2-RR300309
Table 4-1
EXISTING SITE-RELATED WELLS
A-4 C-14 m-2 W-1A-5 C-15 MH-3 W-2 ^A-6 C-16 MH-4 W-3B-1 C-17 P-1 W-48-3 E-1 P-2 W-5 ,8-15 E-2 P-3 W-6B-16 E-3 P-4 W-78-17 E-4 P-5 W-8S-18 --E-5 P-6 _ W-9B-20 . E-£ P-7 W-108-21 £-7 P-8 H-11C-1 E-8 P-9 W-12C-2 E-9 P-10 W-13 .C-3 E-10 P-11 W-14C-4 E-11 P-12 W-15 .C-5 E-12 P-13 Oruck ResidenceC-6 E-13 P-14 Peters ResidenceC-7 E-14 P-15 Frey ResidenceC-8 E-t5 P-16 Heindel, Jr. Residence-EastC-9 - £-16 ' P-17 Heindel, Sr. Residence-SouthC-10 HH-1 P-18 Heindel Residence-WestC-lt
ftR300310
priority pollutant "contamination. Trace levels of freon 11 (tri-chlorofluoromethanej were found in the Peters well east of the site.The Frey well, north of the site, showed evidence insecticides DOT andlindane. Sampling episodes of the Druck well, directly south of thelandfill, indicated trace levels of benzene, chloroform, and methylenechloride (NUS 1983).
It is possible that some of these reported results are erroneous.This is discussed further in Section 4.2. As support for this,results from a~study conducted by AGES determined that neither theFrey nor"tne""Peters welTs were hydrogeologically connected to thelandfill, arid therefore, their contamination problems could not beassociated with the Landfill.. The depth of the Frey'well, 35 feet,was determined to be insufficient to induce flow from the landfillacross the stream, which acts.as a discharge area. The Peters well islocated in a topographically high area,"approximately 2,500 feetsoutheast of the landfill, and groundwater flow in that area is towardthe~eastern unnamed tributary.. In addition, it has been determinedthat domestic well cones of depression do not extend beyond 700 feetfrom the well (AGES August 1982). Theumost recent analysis from theDruck well (April 1984) indicated chloroform at less than 10 ug/1 asthe only volatile organic present (Modern Trash 1.984).
The-sampling of thre_e_.private wells, formerly owned by the Brownfamily, found contamination by numerous priority pollutants. Because •these.southern wells have low water yields, elliptical drawdowns andextensive drawdown magnitudes, and are located close to the faulted,crushed rock zone, gro-undwater reversals can and do occur. Of thethree wells (Brown dug '//ell, Brown old well, Brown new well), theBrown dug well was the most contaminated with chlorinated alkane/alkene compounds, including TCE (NUS 1983). "A pumping test conductedby AGES in December 1982 indicated that the Druck well and the Brown'snew well get their water from_the be_drock. fractures which lie alongthe strike (NE/SW). Therefore, the water quality of the two wells isrelated. The pumping of the three Brown wells accelerated the migra-tion of"landfill-associated contaminants into the water-bearing zonewhich these wells share with the Druck well. Following the purchaseof the Brown property by SCA Services, the use of the Brown
4"4 flR3003ll
wells was discontinued, eliminating the associated pumping "influences.Although the migration of landfill-associated contaminants.associatedwith groundwater table reversals into the Druck well has been reduced,complete protection is not guaranteed due to the presence of possiblesecondary fractures (AGES December 1982).
The major surface waters of concern in relation to the landfillare Kreutz Creek and its two unnamed tributaries. One is spring-fedand borders the western perimeter; the other flows to the east andnorth of the site (see Figure 2-1). Surface water analyses indicateoff-site.contamination and migration of trace levels of organic pri-ority pollutants. Analysis of samples taken in March and May 1982 -from the inactive treatment plant outfall which discharges -into thewestern tributary of Kreutz Creek indicated low levels of severalvolatile chlorinated hydrocarbons, some of which are known animal car-cinogens. Similarly, organic solvent compounds were found in samplestaken from sprlnghouses A and B which feed into the western unnamedtributary. These compounds included trace levels of PCE in" bothsprings, benzene, and TCE in springhouse B, and other alkane/alkenecompounds in both springs. Trace levels of benzene and cadmium werefound in the eastern tributary downstream of the site, but were notidentified upstream. Also, monitoring well B-l, located between the.upstream and downstream sampling locations of the north tributary, wasfound to be contaminated by cadmium (0.58 ppm) on June 23, 1982 (NUS1983).
An aquatic biological investigation of the western unnamed tribu-tary to Kreutz Creek was conducted by Robert Schott, a water pollutionbiologist with PADER. The investigation was conducted from the summerof 1981 to the spring of 1982. It was concluded that the westernunnaned tributary was not degraded as a result of leachate from thelandfill. Poor conditions in the creek were maTnly causecTby s1lt-'r"~atlon from cattle grazing on the Heindel farm. Although volatileorganics were detected in both springhouses, Schott concluded thatvolatilization and/or low concentrations has rendered it non-toxic(Schott 1983).
4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL QUANTITIES AND CONCENTRATIONSVery little is known about the quantities, concentrations, and
locations of hazardous materials disposed of at the landfill.
4-5
BR3003I2
Sampling of neighboring private wells, on-site. monitoring wells,and nearby surface waters has indicated contamination of groundwaterand surface-water with chlorinated hydrocarbons, other solvents, andsome inorganics in significant levels. Of particular concern are theconcentrations of priority pollutant volatile organics.
The highest concentration of volatile organics from on-site moni-toring wells has been found" in wells A-l, A-2, and A-3. Total pri-ority pollutant volatiles concentrations of 514, 2,232 and 3,128 ug/1were found in wells A-l, A-2, and A-3, -respectively, during the timeperiod May 30, 1984, to" June 1, 1984. Wells A-2 and A-3 each evi-denced greater than l,000:ug/l of chloroform and greater than 900 ug/1of methylene chloride.,. Other. parameters detected in ttiese three wellsare benzene, chloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane,tetrachloroethylene, toluene, trans-l,2-di"chloroethylene, and tri-chloroethylene (R.E. Wright Associates May 1984). .
The most recent sampling at .the site has been at the wellslocated along the western perimeter. Analysis of samples collectedfrom May 5 to. June 1, 1984, from these wells indicates high total pri-ority pollutant volatiTes in wells C-l (deep)", C-3, C-9,' W-7, W-3,W-9, W-13, W-14, W-15, MH-2, MH-3, and MH-4. Total priority pollutantvolatiles. ranged from 140 ug/1 in W-15 to 1,432 ug/1 in W-7 (R.E.Wright Associates August .1984) . Contaminants of concern includechloroform, 1,'i di chloroethane, trans-l,2-dichloroethylene,1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride. Vinylchloride ranged from .50 to 15(Og/l in "wells W-7, W-9, W-13, and W-14(see Appendix B).
Inorganics Df concern _ in monitoring wells include manganese andiron. On June 23, 1982 manganese levels were as high as 28 mg/1(well A-2:) and iron levels were as high as 330 ppm (well A-l) (NUS1983). USEPA Drinking, Xater Standards for iron were exceeded in theFrey well, springhouse A, arid wells A-T, A-2, B-l, 8-3, and B-15.Manganese drinking water standards were exceeded in springhouse A andwells B-l, B-15, A-2, and A-l "(NUS 1983 J. R.E/ Wright Associates' ..1984 analyses:"ihdicated that drinking water standards for iron wereexceeded in wells"W-8 (45 mg/1) and W-14 (1.89.mg/l). 'Manganesestandards were exceeded in wells W-4, W-5, W-7, W-3, W-9, W-13, W-14,and W-15 (R.E. Wright Associates August 1984). Elevated levels of
4-6
lead (857 ug/1) and zinc levels up to 12,160 ug/1 were detected inB-2. Nearby, in well B-l, 580 ug/1 of cadmium was found (NUS 1983).
Past analyses of the Frey well indicated a one-time incidence ofbarium at 100,000 ug/1 and lead up to 360 ug/1. Both the levels ofbarium and lead were considered to be erroneous, which was confirmedby direct follow-up sampling. The Druck residence was resampled andtested only for lead. The result was lead levels well below the 360ug/1 level previously reported. The high level of barium was con-sidered erroneous because analyses of other domestic wells nearbyrevealed no barium above the detection limit of 100 ug/1, and splitsamples analyzed independently indicated only 60! to 80 ug/1 barium.At those levels, no health hazards are anticipated (NUS 1983).Another sampling episode taken on January 6, 1982, indicated methylenechloride at 25 ug/1. In February 1982, chloroform was detected atless than 10 ug/1 and 50 ug/1. The most recent .analysis of the pruckwell revealed chloroform at less than 10 ug/1 (Modern 1984).
Analyses of the surface water samples, particularly from the twounnamed tributaries, were presented in a toxicological review forModern Landfill by NUS. From this analysis, the downstream spring-house B sampling point had noticeably higher contaminant levels thanthe upstream springhouse A. For example, springhouse B showed 170ug/1 of methylene chloride compared to 29 ug/1 for sprfnghouse A.Levels of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1-dichloroethane "were 12 ug/1and 27 ug/1, respectively, for springhouse A, and 55 ug/1 and 37 ug/1,respectively, for springhouse B. This sampling episode also pointedout contamination with trichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, andtrans-l,2-dich"loroethylene at springhousre B, but not at springhouse A(NUS 1983). According to sample analyses conducted by R. £. WrightAssociates in May and June of 1934, 200 ug/1 of^1,1 dichloroethylenewere found in springhouse A (R.E. Wright Associates August 1984).Other sampling points in the western and eastern unnamed tributariesindicated only trace volatile organics. , :
Inorganic contaminants which exceeded USEPA Drinking WaterStandards in surface waters include iron, manganese," cadmium, andlead. Iron and manganese standards were exceeded at springhouse 8 anddownstream of the treatment plant discharge to the western unnamedtributary, with values as high as 430 ug/1 for iron and 250 ug/1 for
flR3003!U
manganese. The sample from downstream of the eastern tributary had ahigh cadmium concentration of 16 ug/1. Well B-l, located near theeastern tributary, upgradjent, had cadmium levels up to 580 ug/1 onthe June 3, 1532. The USEPA Drinking Water Standard for cadmium is 10ug/1 (NUS 1983). " "" - !'"
4.3 PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES OF SITE CONTAMINANTSGenerally, groundwater and surface water analytical data show
the presence of volatile organic" compounds", indicators of landfill-associated contamination. In addition, some inorganics,are ofconcern.
Pollutants chosen as indicator contaminants at fhV site include:chloroform; *l,l-dichloro,ethane; trans-l,2-dichloroethylene;1,1,1-trichlordetnane; trichloroethylene; and vinyl chloride. Thesevolatile organics are s.fghificant"because of" Weir high concentrationsand their relative occurrence/ The inorganics of .concern include cad-mium, iron, lead, and manganese. Physical, chemical, and hazardousproperties of "the commonly occurring volatile orcfanic compounds areshown in Appendix A. A summary of analyses for these contaminants ispresented in Appendix B. -
The following paragraphs include background information oninorganics" possibly related_to contamination from the landfill site.Appendix C presents a="summary of analyses, for cadmium, iron, manganeseand lead. ~T ~ ""•""------
Cadmium _ . ___ _ _."_ ..; „..„. ^:" _....=.=- . . , . . . . . . . . _ - .The maximum contaminant level (MCL) for cadmium, as stated in the
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Standards, is 10 ug/1 (ppQ).Cadmium, a silver-blue metal,""is found In "nature most generally in lowconcentrations and is associated with a similar metal, zinc. Cadmiumis recovered as a by-product of zinc smelting, and to a lesser extentcan be recovered from lead and copper ores. Cadmium is used as ananticorrosion coating often'in outdoor fittings such as gate latches,roofing "nails, and screws =(1'"=O 1934).
Cadmium has been shown to be toxic to. humans when ingested infood.or water or inhaled in foundry dust. Exposure by the former
4-8 . - - -RR300315
route causes.symptoms resembling food poisoning. Chronic kidneydisease will begin to occur in an individual when the cadmium accumu-lated in the kidneys reaches a critical concentration (E & E 1984).
Iron " ' . ' . ' _The MCL for iron is 300 ug/1. Iron is an essential trace element
required by both plants and animals. It is a vital oxygen transportmechanism in the blood of all vertebrate and some invertebrate animals(E & E 1984).
Iron is an.objectionable constituent in water supplies for eitherdomestic or industrial use. Iron appreciably affects the taste ..ofbeverages and can stain..laundered clothes and plumbing'fixtures(E & E 1984).
Exceedingly high concentrations of iron have been reported to betoxic to livestock and to interfere with the metabolizing of phospho-rus (E & E 1984).
LeadThe MCL for lead is 50 ug/1. Lead is widely used in industry and
has no known beneficial nutritional effects. Lead is a toxic metalthat tends to accumulate in the tissues of man and animals. Althoughlead poisoning is seldom seen in the adult population, it is fre-quently seen in children. Lead is particularly hazardous to youngchildren and Irreversible brain damage is often the result (E & £1984). -
The major toxic effects of lead include anemia, neurological dys-function, and renal impairment. The most common symptoms ~of leadpoisoning are anemia, severe intestinal cramps, paralysis :of nerves,loss of appetite, and fatigue. These symptoms usually develop slowly(E & E 1984).
Manganese . ; _The MCL for manganese is 50 ug/1. Manganese is used to form many
important alloys. It is an important trace, metal and is possiblyessential for utilization of vitamin B]_. Manganese" is most oftenobtained from ores. "However, nodules.found on the ocean floor,"whichcontain 245S manganese, may be a future^exploitable source.(Weast1980).
4-9ftR3003!6
Manganese, as with iron, can.stain' bathroom fixtures, impart abrownish co_lor to laundered clothing, and can affect the taste ofwater (Hammer 1975).
Manganese tends to accumulate in the liver, kidneys, intestines,and pancreas. Accumulation of manganese salts causes gastrointestinalirritation. Chronic exposure tends to affect the central nervoussystem (Cassrett 1980).
4-10 ftR300317
5. POTENTIAL RECEPTORS/PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNS
5.1 DIRECT CONTACTA fence bounds the site only along the eastern and northern bor-
ders, and there.is no security guard on duty after operating hours(NUS 1984). Therefore, the potential exists for outsiders to gainaccess to the site and possibly come in contact with on-site materi-als. However, normal landfilling practices of covering the wastedaily with soil should limit the materials exposed for possible con-tact.
5,2 AIR PATHWAYHNU measurements were taken on two occasions by Ecology and
Environment: once on June 23, 1982, and again o.n August .2.-, 1982.Readings from wells A-l and A-2 indicate 5 "ppm and 1.5 ppm above back-ground, respectively. Wells B-l, B-3, and B-15 Vindicated no HNU read-ings above background. Testing of wells A-l and A-2 on August 2,1982, provided HNU readings of 1 to 5 ppm above background. WellsB-l, 8-3, and B-15 were not tested on August 2. ' However, ambient airmeasurements that day found no readings above 0 'ppm (£ & E, October1982). The most recent HNU readings were taken by NUS Corporation onJune 23, 1983. No air contaminants above background levels were foundduring routine air monitoring (NUS 1984).
Methane monitoring vents have been Installed along the south-eastern perimeter of the landfill. These were Installed in responseto methane detection at the former Brown residence located just acrossYorkana Road. In addition, several stainless steel standpipes exist
5-1 ftR3003i8
on the landfill, acting a$ additional methane monitoring locations andcheck points for the PVC monitoring system.
5.3 SURFACE WATER PATHWAYSurface water contamination "of"the two unnamed tributaries to
Kreutz Creek has been verified (see Section 4). Therefore, the poten-tial exists for contamination of Kreutz" Creek. Kreutz Creek is usedfor recreational purposes including boating, fishing, (the creek issupposedly stocked with trout annually), and possibly swimming. Thecontaminated western unnamed tributary is spring fed and acts as awater supply for cattle oh "the neighboring"HeindeT farm.
5.4 GROUNDWATER PATHWAYGroundwater in the landfill area generally flows toward the
northwest or the northeast. The landfill acts as a north/southgroundwater divide. In addition, the localized geology deviates somegroundwater flow In" a northeast/southwest direction, parallel tostrike: (N60eE). Also, as discussed in Section 4.1, some evidence sug-gests that groundwater may migrate to.the south. In relation to thesite'.s orientation, potential receptors of site-related contaminantsvia groundwater lie. north, east, and west of the site. The twounnamed tributaries probably tend to act as encompassing groundwaterbarriers along their extent. - .
5,5 . FIRE AND EXPLOSIONAccording to the Hazard Ranking System for Modern Sanitation pre-
pared by NUS Corporation:on June 13, 1984, there is limited possibil-ity of fire or explosion. The site has not been certified by a stateor local fire marsffall as presenting a significant fiVe or explosionthreat. Field observations "corifirm'that such a threat does notexist.
5.6 REPORTED HEALTH PROBLEMS ON- AND OFF-SITE ^Although on-site^an4 off-site wells, in addition to surface
waters, have been found to be"contaminated, no resultant health prob-lems have been reported. _
5-2 RR300319
EVALUATION OF EXISTING DATA
6.1 DATA SUFFICIENCIES/DEFICIENCIES ' ' ".:After examination of the available reports and data for the land-
fill, data sufficiencies and deficiencies in terms of developing thescope of work for the RI/FS work plan were identified. However,because of ongoing remedial efforts, pursuant to the Consent Order andAgreement (COA), dated September 20, 1984, between Modern Trash ofYork, Inc., and PADER, data deficiencies may change in the nearfuture. The following is a summary of" the data evaluation.
Data Sufficiencies
t The results of past studies have documented that groundwaterbeneath or within the landfill is contaminated with numerousorganic compounds. The volatilei organicsichosen as significantcontaminants due to their high concentrations and toxicitylevels are chloroform, 1,1-dichloroethane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene(TCE), and vinyl chloride (see Appendices A and B). Thehighest total priority pollutant volatiles were found inon-site wells A-l, A-2, and A-3. Inorgartics of concerninclude cadmium, iron, manganese, and lead (see Appendix C).
• Not all reported off-site contamination necessarily emanatesfrom the landfill. Evidence indicates that the Frey andPeters wells were each found to be not hydrogeologically con-nected to the landfill groundwater.
6"1 ft R3 003 20
• Groundwater flow is generally northwest/northeast. However,it may deviate along the strike of beds (N60"E). Pumpingtests of wens "at the" landfill have resulted in ellipticalcones of^depression parallel to this N60SE strike.
• The western perimeter has been sufficiently characterized bothgeologically and hydrogeologlcally. Landfill-associated con-tamination has extended as far west as the western unnamedtributary.
• Contamination associated with the landfill was detected in theformer Brown residence wells east-of _"the" landfill, and in theHeindel, JrV, residence well northeast of the site. While theBrown wells were ,Tn~~use, similar landfill contaminants weredetected in the Druck well, perhaps caused by drawdown asso-"elated with the Brown well. Since the.Brown wells ceasedpumping, landfill-associated contaminants have not beendetected in the Druck well. . .
Data Deficiencies ;;_L.^1 „ - - .: . ~"2r;--. "-,T!.-...-:•-..: . •.-. .. ..
t No complete, simultaneous sampling program has been conductedto include on-site wells, off-site wells, and surface waters. .A consistent and complete sampling program is necessary todetermine contaminant concentrations and migration paths.
• Following completion of the western, northern, and eastern1 eachatewcalTectfon systems, a monitoring program will benecessary to determine the success of the systems.
» The northern, eastern, and southern perimeters of the landfillrequire geologic "and hydrogeologic characterization. The cur-rent studies associated with design of the northern andeastern leachate collection systems as part of the ConsentOrder and Agreement (COA) will aid in "the characterisation.
6-2 ftR30032i
• The extent of contamination to the north and east of the land-fill has not been defined. Current studies associated withcompletion of the COA may address this deficiency.
• Although the Druck well analyses show no health hazards atpresent, this southern area may be susceptible to groundwatercontamination, due to the presence of fractures. Contamina-tion was found nearby in the former Brown wells and in wellB-15. Therefore, any prolonged pumping in this area maythreaten the Druck water supply. A more detailed hydrogeo-logic investigation, including detailed review of past pumpingtest data and_implementation of a new pumping "test, is neces-sary. The effects of installation of an eastern leachate col-lection system on the Druck potable supply should be" studied.
• The vertical extent of contamination has yet to be determined,This is of concern since some private~wells in the area maydraw potable supplies from the lower depths of the aquifer.
6.2 RISKS IDENTIFIABLE WITH EXISTING DATAIndirect or direct ingestion of contaminants from surface Water
or groundwater appears to be the most significant health risk at thelandfill. Human contact with contaminated water could be a pathwayfor contaminant ingestion. Although on-site wells evidence thegreatest contamination, the potential for contact or ingestion ofthose waters is minimal.
At present, the highest potential for ingestion of possible con-tamination is via'surface waters, i.e.,"the two unnamed tributaries.Inorganics may be of concern in the surface waters. However, volatileorganics have been shown to volatilize as they progress downstream.
Present data indicate that from those private wells tested, nohealth risk exists regarding water consumption (see Appendices B andC), The Heindel, Jr., residence, located just northeast of thelandfill, has a new potable well, and the Oruck well analysisIndicated only a small amount of chloroform.
&R300322
6.3 POTENTIAL RISKS : " ~ " "Potential risks are. dependent upon completion and proper opera-
tion of the leachate collection systems as directed by the COA. Anycontaminant plumes that may exist and have yet to be identified couldextend their boundaries or be .drawn back toward the landfill, depen-dent on the effectiveness of the leachate collection system orsystems. Without the. emplacement and effective operation of theseleachate collection systems, and in turn, proper Teachate treatment,groundwater and surface-waters surrounding the site could be furtherthreatened. ~ """" •• - • --- —•
6-4 -RR300323
RI/FS WORK PLAN
flR30032U
7. SCOPE OF WORK
This RI/FS Work Plan has been prepared based on a review of allavailable data. It will be modified as necessary during the per-formance of" worlc to reffeet major changes in the scope of work.
The scope of work is divided into the following:
• Initial Remedial Investigation (IRI),* Remedial Investigation (RI), and• Feasibility Study (FS).
7.1. INITIAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION (IRI)IRI tasks will be performed by PADER and the RI/FS contractor in
order to plan, supervise,: ami provide quality control during startupof the RI/FS program. " 7 ~
Task'1: Data Evaluation a"nd Initial Site ReconnaissanceThe RI/FS contractor will evaluate'ex_isting data in planning the
RI/FS. The RI/FS contractor will review the Remedial Action Masterplan (RAMP), references .cited in the RAMP, available project fileinformation, and other sources, including: "
* State.and regional PADER and USEPA officials'knowledgeable ofthe site;
• County planning, comnfissioris, township municipal authorities,and boards of parks and recreation;
7-1 ftR30Q325
• United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Pennsylvania StateGeological Survey (SGS) maps;
• Local well drilling companies; ]
• Aerial photographs, EPIC photos;
• Soil Conservation Service;
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers;
• Available well logs and historic-monitoring data;
• Interviews with parties knowledgeable of historic dumping ofwastes at the site or in the area;
• Available files of the company responsible for the site,including Westinghouse and/or R.E. Wright files; and
• Other references identified by the RI/FS contractor.
If a modification of the RI/FS Work Plan Is needed based on thereview of these data, the RI/FS contractor "will make a recommendation.to PADER for a revised scope of work. PADER will review the RI/FS -•-contractor's recommendations, and will prepare appropriate writtenrequests for modifications to the approved schedule and budget.
The RI/FS contractor will conduct a comprehensive site reconnais-sance and inspection in order to:
t Become familiar with the area and physical layout of the siteIn order to develop a health and safety 'plan, QA/QC plan, siteoperations plan, and to choose we! 1 locations.
• Assess potential health and safety hazards. The team willlocate physical hazards and features on 'a preliminary fieldplan drawing and will document features photographically.
BR30Q326
• Observe areas .of contamfriation and document waste charac-teristics. Both on-site and off-site areas will be con-sidered. The site, surrounding terrain, and downgradient sur-face" water discharge areas will be inspected visually for con-tamination, including >igns of water pollution, vegetationstress, and effects" on WiTdTife. Obvious waste characteris-tics will be documented.
• Characterize the breathing zone and ambient air in order toassess the level of protection necessary for site personnel.Air monitoring equipment will be used for site characteriza-tion. A Century Organic Vapor Analyzer (OVA) and HNu photo-ionizer (HNu) or their equivalents should be utilized forambient air characterization.
Task 2: . Health and Safety"Plan 7Prospective RI/FS contractors will submit a general concept for a
health and safety plan in their proposals. The selected RI/FS con-tractor will then write a site-specific health and safety plan. Adraft of the plan will be submitted to PADER for review. The finalplan must be. approved by_ the PADER before initiation of RI/FSactivities.
The plan will include, but not be limited to:
* Assessment of potential hazards to workers from on-siteoperations;
• Assessment of off-site contamination hazards;
• Potential routes of. worker exposure fe.,g.s ingestion hazardfrom contaminated dust);
• Minimum protective clothing and respiratory protection (in-cluding schedules for replacement of contaminated/disposableequipment) for each site activity;
• A decision logic for upgrading levels.bf protection;
7-3 ftR300327
• Ambient air monitoring procedures;
* Decontamination procedures;
t Worker site safety orientation and refresher training sche-dule;
• A contingency plan for emergencies;
• Designation and responsibilities of a site safety officer andalternate; and
• Exposure Incident reporting procedures.
PADER will be responsible for writing and implementing a healthand safety plan for its on-site supervisory personnel.
Task 3: Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) PlanProspective RI/FS contractors will submit corporate QA/QC pro-
grams in their proposals. The selected RI/FS contractor will thenwrite a site-specific QA/QC plan. A draft of this plan must bereviewed and approved by the PADER before initiation of RI/FS activi-ties.
The following general objectives will be applied for all datameasurements:
* Precision. Standard deviations of replicate spikes will beincluded in the data results for USEPA hazardous substancelist (HSL) analyses and any additional analyses determinednecessary. Other statistical procedures for reporting pre-cision of measured data (e.g., geometric and arithmetic mean,range) will be referenced where applicable.
* Accuracy. For all USEPA methods employed, percent recoverydata from spike samples will be pubHshed with results. Thenumber of blank, replicate, and spike samples will be deter-mined as part of the final field sampling plan.
flR300328
• Completeness." The percentage of completeness of the param-eters will be demonstrated.
* Validity. Only valid, quality-assured data will be accept-able. One.hundred percent results on all parameters requestedare expected. .- :
• Representative Sampling. The final,.field sampling plan willdelineate..the type, number, and location of samples requiredfor representation of actual site conditions.
• Comparability -All data for joiT _samples will be reported inmilligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) or micrograms/kilogram (ug/kg).Data for 1iquid^samples will be_in milligrams/liter (mg/1) ormicrograms/liter (ug/1).
The.site-specificT-QA/QC plan will cover:
• Sampling site selection;
t Sampling procedures, including collection devices, decontami-nation procedures, storage and transport, preservatives used;
• Chaln-of-custody, including handling.procedures for the fieldand laboratory and all required paperwork;
t Calibration procedures, including standards used, descriptionof"calibration' procedures, referenced USEPA Standard Operating.Procedures: (SOPs);
• Analytical procedures, including referenced SOPs or writtendescriptions of procedures used;
• Data reduction, validation, and reporting;'
• Internal QC, including sample blanks, replicate.samples,duplicate-.samples, spike samples, blind known samples,
7-5 •flR3.00329
surrogate samples, sample splits, reagent checks, calibrationstandards, and personnel and function QC checks;
« QA systems and performance audits;
* Reports to PADER, including data accuracy, precision, and com-pleteness, and results of performance and systems"audits; and
• Preventive maintenance for personal protection equipment, mon-itoring and sampling equipment, and support equipment.
Task 4: Site Operations Plan'The site operations plan describes the purpose and goals of the
field investigation and details the methodologies and safety proce-dures to be used. Prospective RI/FS contractors will submit a generalconcept of their proposed technical approach in their proposal. Theselected RI/FS contractor will then write a site-specific plan. Adraft of the plan will be submitted to PADER for review. The finalplan must be approved by PADER before initiation; of RI/FS activities.
The site operations plan will include the following.
• Introductory statement of the investigation objectives';
* Summary of background information, emphasizing how the in-formation was used to determine investigation objectives, anddevelopment of an investigation and operations plan;
• Investigative methods required to. characterize the site, whichmay include a sampling plan delineating sample types and sam-pling locations and procedures";
• Personnel requirements/assignments, determined by the opera-tions to be carried out and expertise required;
* Equipment needs and schedule;
RR300330
• Site-specific health and safety plan ("Task 4);
• Site-specific QA/QC plan (Task 5);
• Any nonstandard equipment and contract services needed to com-plete the investigation;
• Procedures to control contaminated materials, including mate-rials found on-site and materials resulting from site opera-tion decontamination procedures;
• Special trainingrequirements (which can include' "rehearsal"training to familiarize,personnel with special techniques);and
• Organization of special teams.
Task 5: Community Relations SupportPADER will provide the lead in community relations activities.
PADER will encourage" public participation and provide technical infor-mation to the public throughout the RI/FS program. Technical andlogistics support wiir include: - ------
• Preparation of charts, slides, overheads, or other graphicsfor technical briefings; : '_ ' " ' "
• Preparation of fact sheets or technical "briefs;
• Organization and logistics support for public meetings; and
* Technical support for public meetings and other presenta-tions. . . _ . - . .
The RI/FS contractor also will be required to provide technicalsupport for public meetings and other presentations.
7-7flR30033I
7.2 REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION (RI)The following sections provide detailed descriptions of the tasks
required to complete the RI/FS for the Modern Landfill site.As discussed in Section 1.2, the Modern Landfill site is a
dynamic situation. This RI is based on data deficiencies as deline-ated In the RAMP sections. Subsequent activities at the site andresultant data will be reviewed as part of the RI.
Task 6: Site ManagementPADER will be responsible for overseeing all off-site 'RI/FS
contractor field activities. The responsibilities will includereporting on work progress; overseeing all phases of-geophysical andhydrogeologic investigations; overseeing the installation ofmonitoring wells; and preparing and submitting RI field activitiesreports. PADER will also provide a technical review of the RI reportssubmitted by the RI/FS contractor.
Task 7: Well Inventory/Data Analysis .._.__... J:- ._.... _ ._-_The RI will include an inventory of all site-related wells in the
Modern Landfill area. These wells are indicated in Appendix A andshown on Figure 4-1. The location of all wells should be plotted on abase map. The locations of new/additional "wells or wells which havebeen abandoned should either be added or deleted from the inventory .and the base map. The base map will be updated as the RI progressesand will include surveyed locations of existing wells, sitetopography, property lines, buildings, and the major disposal area.
The Inventory includes locating the wells and determining theintegrity of each" for possible use In further sampling efforts. Thewells' integrity will be determined by studying well slogs and by con-ducting a field inspection of each. Existing wells will be surveyed,showing top-of-casing and surface el ev at i on"." Th i s data, coupled withwell sampling results will be summarized and analyzed. Note that muchof this information is currently available. However, verification ofdata and updating of site conditions will be required.
7-8SR30G332
Task 8: Fracture TraceTAnalysis ~ , . .~.The RI/FS contractor shall conduct a fracture/fault trace anal-
ysis to supplement existing fracture and .fault orientation data. Theanalysis will be conducted with a Jaw-magnification stereoscope usingappropriate available stereo aerial photographs (typical air photosize for fracture trace analysis is 1:20,00.0). After the steroscopicmapping, the aerial photos shall be checked .without the use of thestereoscope to see if any other features are noticed. Following themapping, of linear features on the air.photos, the data shall be fieldchecked to validate the results. Measurements of bedrock strike anddip, and orientations of joints and fractures will also be determinedfrom local outcrops at this t1me.,_The results of this .analysis willbe used in determining the location of monitoring and observationwells at the site. After field verification,"the orientation andhorizontal extent of each fracture trace will'be transposed onto the ,site base map for future reference.
Task 9: Geophysical Investigation .Results of previous geophysical surveys will be analyzed and sum-
marized by the RI/FS contractor and forwarded to PADER. If it isdetermined by PAOER that data gaps still exist, a geophysical investi-gatiorL_will be conducted to.aid in identifying potential off-siteimpact areas of subsurface"contamination, and to verify groundwaterflow direction. The results of this survey will also aid in siting.the placement of monitoring wells" "as part of the hydrogeologicinvestigation., .......__. .7.."..„_._.. . .... .. .—.__ . --.
Survey Technique: _An electromagnetic (EM).conductivity surveywill be conducted using a Geonics EM-34 or equivalent. . The four areasto be surveyed are depicted on Figure 7-1. Area I represents thebackground or upgradient area with respect to groundwater flow. AreaII delineates.the western perimeter, Area III is the northern section,and Area IV encompasses.the eastern area. All four areas will have aninternal perimeter defined"by the landfill boundaries.
A grid system of.200-foot spacings is proposed and will beestablished extending within_the four designated areas. The Initialcharacterization of survey controls as wells as the size and location
7-9BR3Q0333
PARTIALLY If TREATMEN1SUBMERGED If PLANT
STORM WATERRETENTION POND
•LEGEND.
^ ^ Goephyslcal Soundary
Sourc«: NUS Corpor«ion, April 19,1983. A Toxlcological Rsviaw ofModern Sanitation Landfill, and E&E, August, 1985
NOT TO SCALE
Figure?—1 PROPOSED GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY BOUNDARIES
7-10
of anomalies will dictate-the final grid boundaries and spacings. EMresistivity data will be checked at existing monitoring wells withrespect to water level and well log lithology Information. Depths.ounding techniques will be employed periodically to determine theeffects of near surface soil:contamination on the overall conduc-tivity. These effects mus"t"be corrected before a conductivity anomalydue to .groundwater contamination_can be detected.
Task 10: Surface" Water/Sediment Sampling __-Sampling Program. Surface water and7sediment samples will be
collected from the western and eastern unnamed tributaries.to KreutzCreek, Kreutz Creek, -and the on-site storm retention pond. Proposedsamples, include: - - ~~ ~ -• -
• Three surf ace "wate'r and three sediment" samples along theeastern unnamed tributary to .Kreutz Creek. One upstream, onemidstream and one. downstream of the site (total six samples);
• One surface water and one sediment sample from both Spring-house-A and Springhouse B., along the western unnamed tri-butary (total four samples);
• One surf£ceVwater and one sediment sample from the stoVm waterretention pond, just downstream of the.storm water dischargepipe, and just downstream of the treatment plant dischargepoint (total .six samples);
• Three surface water and three sediment samples from alongKreutz Creek, one background sample upstream, one downstreamof ;T:he~ confluence: of the .eastern tributary, and one downstreamof the confluence .of both unnamed tributaries (total sixsamples); and - -
t Three seep or spring samples from .along the "banks of theeastern.unnamed tributary, with two of these samples beingtaken from the western bank (total three., samples).
7-11 AR300335
A total of'14 surface water samples and 11 sediment samples areproposed. The sampling locations are presented on Figure 7-2. .
Task 11: Freshwater Aquatic Life Study (Optional)After review of the results of Task 10, a freshwater aquatic life
study may be conducted along the western and eastern unnamed tribu-taries of Kreutz Creek and along a portion of Kreutz Creek affec'tetTbythe tributaries and Modern Landfill. The approximate areas to beincluded in this study are: the entire length "of the eastern unnamedtributary, 7/10 mile along the western unnamed tributary, and 1/2 mileof Kreutz Creek along Its confluence with the tributaries.. The studyareas should encompass the surface water"sampling locations delineatedIn Task 10. This aquatic investigation should concentrate on a foodchain study and on aquatic life types, and population distributionsthroughout the specified stream lengths. Parameters of concerninclude the accumulation of contaminants, toxicity concentrations, anddistribution of aquatic .life. - ..
PADER may designate this task to be conducted by PADER's Bureauof Water Quality of it so chooses. " - _. • . .
Task 12: Phase I Hydrogeologic InvestigationA hydrogeologic study will be conducted at the Modern Landfill
site to characterize the lateral and vertical extent of groundwater '•contamination and to provide both qualitative and quantitative infor-mation on groundwater conditions through sampling of existing residen-tial and monitoring wells. New monitoring wells will be installed inareas where data gaps are believed to exist. These, wells will also besampled.
Through several investigations, the hydrogeologic characteri-zation of the western perimeter of the landfill is essentially com-plete. Current efforts are being directed to investigate the northernand eastern perimeters to determine the optimal depth, number, andlocations of groundwater recovery wells. Since the Investigation onthe northern, eastern, and southern perimeters is not yet complete,data gaps still exist. Therefore, the hydrogeologic investigationwill focus primarily in these areas.
RR300336
LEGENDProposed Surface Water/Sediment O Residential Well LocationSampling Locations
Source: _ NUS Corporation, AprU' 19,i 983, A Toxlcological Review of_____ Modern Sanitation Landfill, and E&E. August, 1985
NOT TO SCALE
Figure 7-2 PROPOSED SURFACE WATER/SEDIMENT SAMPLINGLOCATIONS
flR300337
New monitoring wells will be Installed in six locations. Nestedwells have been proposed for two of these locations in an attempt todefine a vertical flow component and investigate possible.distinctionsbetween water bearing zones. The well nests will be installed ifevidence Indicates saturated conditions are encountered above com-petent bedrock. If the evidence suggests no distinction may be madebetween shallow and deeper water-bearing zones, only one well will beinstalled in these locations.
Approximate new monitoring well locations and existing moni-toring/residential wells to be sampled are located on Figure 7-3,Note that locations for the proposed wells are approximate. Specificwell locations will be determined based iipon results of the initialsite reconnaissance (Task 1), well inventory (Task 7), and the geo-physical investigation (Task 9).
Residential Well Sampling. Groundwater samples will be collectedfrom existing residential wells in the direct vicinity of the site.The wells to be sampled include the following residences; Druck, Frey,Peters, Heindel, Jr.—east and Heindel—west, and Heindel, Sr.—south.Additional residences will be sampled based upon results of theinitial site reconnaissance (Task 1). : .
Samples will be collected simultaneously with groundwatermeasurements of total well depth and groundwater levels". All "measure-ments will be recorded and the data will be used to define groundwaterlevel fluctuations and flow patterns in the area. Groundwater contourmaps will also be generated from the hydrologic .data. Field measure-ments of pH9 temperature, and conductivity will be taken during sam-pling.
At least 10% of the samples will be" collected in duplicate toprovide field quality control samples. Field blanks will be furnishedat one per day or one per shipment, whichever is greater. Split sam-ples will be.provided upon request to qualified representatives ofUSEPA and PADER. Sample will be analyzed for the USEPA hazardous sub-stance list (HSL) (volatile organics, base/neutral,"and acid extract-ables and metals).
7-14 flR300338
J25r£W-Y '"" US"7 '———~l* HEiNDEL-^LANT
JSTORM WATER
™*r»iiM«.T IIHfcAI[«t«l I ^. HESNDELXSUBMERGED PLANT 'V —— g EAST \
HSiNCSL <OWEST t
<& U!™*6GE\ 1 RETENT30NPOND^ / ^" "E 1 LnJ
1\__ SPRING-LJHOUSE "8
LANDFTL.L
PST5RS 1WELL
SPRING-HOUSE "A''_ _ -•" " : . / / " " " - SOUTHEAST .
ODRUCK WSLL, - ——— HE1NDELSR.
tJ SOUTHO
•LEGEND
D Proposed Upgradient Exploratory • Piopos«d Monitoring Well Location O Hetid'ential Well LocationWall Nest Location
Source: NUS Corporation, April 19,1933, A Toxicologrea! Review of_______Modern Sanitation Landfill, and E&E, August. T985
NOT TO SCALE
Figure 7-3 PROPOSED MONITORING WELL LOCATIONS
RR30Q339
Contract Laboratories. The RI/FS contractor should select con-tract laboratories such that sample turnaround times and completeanalytical reports can be received within four weeks of the samplearrival date at the laboratory.
Groundwater Sampling Method. Groundwater sampling will be, per-formed on pre-existing wells. All wells will first be purged of atleast three static well volumes with submersible pumps and/or the tapshould be allowed to flow for a period of at least 10 minutes beforesampling. All purging and sampling equipment will be decontaminatedbefore and after use.
Sample Number Estimation. It is expected that up to 10 existingresidential wells will be sampled two times during the RI, at appro-priate time intervals. The sampling and analysis should be completedwithfn the RI time frame. During each sampling episode, three fieldblanks and two duplicate samples will be collected. For costing pur-poses, the total number of samples, including field blanks and dupli-cates, Is estimated to be 30.
Existing Monitoring Well Sampling. Groundwater samples will becollected from existing monitoring wells associated with the site.Thirty monitoring wells will be included in this sampling program, :from the approximate 80 on-site wells. Twenty wells from the main -landfill area will be sampled. The landfill wells to be sampledinclude the following: A-l, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5, A-6, B-l, B-29 B-15,B-16, B-17, B-18, 8-19, 8-21, C-10, C-ll, C-12, C-13, and C-16. Theremaining 10 wells to be sampled will be selected from those along thewestern perimeter. These wells will be selected based upon results ofthe well inventory and geophysical survey. '.
The sampling protocol, sampling method, field measurements, labanalysis, and contract laboratory requirements are those presented inthe Residential/Well Sampling task (see.page 7-12).
Sample Number Estimation. The proposed number of monitoringwells to be sampled are 30. The monitoring wells will be sampled
7-16RR3003UQ
once, to be conducted within the_same limited time frame as theinitial residential well sampling. During the monitoring wellsampling, three.duplicate and five field blanks will be collected.For costing purposes, the total number of samples, including fieldblanks and duplicates, is estimated to be 38.
Upgradient Monitoring Hells Installation, Twpjapgradient explor-atory wells have been proposed south of the site.to obtain groundwaterquality information and to confirm area lithology. The tentativelocation of this well nest is presented on Figure 7-3.
Drilling the .initial well will determine if saturated conditionsexist above competent^ bedrock.. . If.a_water-bearing-zone at. this depthis encountered, the well will be completed in this zone and will con-stitute the "shallow well" of the exploratory well system or nest.Then, a second "deep well," which will be cased through the unconsoli-dated material, will be drilled to a depth of approximately 150 feet.Both wells will constitute a single well nest. .Installation of such "anest will be useful in attempting to define" vertical flow componentsand in making a distinction between water-bearing..zones.
If no distinction can be made between water-bearing zones, onlyone well (deep well) will be installed at the upgradient location.
Split-spoon samples^wilT'be collected, at five-foot intervalsthroughout ..the unconsolidated zone and described by an. on-site geo- .legist. (Npte: _split-spoon samples will be collected only in the.- :first well if "a two-well nest "is installed.) The samples will beaccurately logged.jang'._..st.p.ted_i_irLglass jars for future use.
All holes will be, advanced through the unconsolidated zone with ahollow-stem auger or similar method designed for these materials.Following, auger refusal, 'air-rotary techniques will be employed. If atwo-well nest is installed, the diameter of the borehole for the shal-low well must be sufficient to allow installation of six-inch PVCcasing and screen. The screen will be placeo1 across the upper water-bearing zone. The annular space;between the screen and borehole willbe "s-and-pack:ed" (using appropriately sized and graded material). Abentonite seal will be placed above the packing material, followed
7-17 flR3003lj|
fay a cement/bentonite mixture (4% bentonite) to the top of "the annularspace. This material will be placed by any approved method which willensure filling of voids.
The deep well of the well nest will be cased through the upperwater-bearing zone. The diameter of the upper part of the boreholemust be sufficient to allow installation of a 10-inch PVC casingthrough this unconsolidated/upper water-bearing interval. An Innercasing consisting of 6-1nch PVC would then be set to a depth ofapproximately 1 foot above the top of the lower water-bearing zone.The entire lower water-bearing zone will then be screened using 6-inchPVC material. If it is determined that caving conditions do notexist, the well may be completed as an open borehole;'"The diameter ofthe open borehole shall be at least 4 inches. Any screened intervalshall be appropriately "sand-packed." Above this interval, abentonite seal will be placed, followed by a cement/bentonite mixture.The annular space between the inner and outer casing as well as the .outer casing and the borehole, will also be grouted with the cement/bentonite mixture. This will be placed by any method which willensure filling of the voids.
As mentioned above, if no distinction of water-bearing zones maybe made (which Is likely), only one well will be installed at thislocation. Total depth of the well will be more precisely determinedbased on existing data and drilling results, but is estimated -atapproximately 150 feet. The diameter of the borehole must be suffi-cient to allow installation of 6-inch PVC casing and screen and allowsufficient annular space between the casing and fa.orehole wall tofacilitate placement of packing and grouting material. Since.thisformation has been shown to yield relatively little water to wells,the entire water-bearing zone should be screened if conditions do notallow for an open borehole in this interval. Provisions for groutingand "sand-packing" are similar to the above installation protocol fora well nest.
During installation, the well(s) shall be plumbed and gauged bythe RI/FS contractor to ensure a straight and plumb hole to the fullrequired depth. The contractor shall also take all necessary pre-cautions either temporary or permanent to prevent contaminated waterhaving undesirable physical or chemical characteristics from
entering the well during construction and after completion. The wellshall be tightly capped or plugged at all times when work is not beingconducted in the hole. In the event.the well becomes contaminated dueto neglect.of the RI/FS contractor, he shall, at his own expense, per-form such work and supply such materials as "may be necessary to elimi-nate the contamination.
rAfter completion of the welt, the RI/FS contractor shall install
a watertight overlapping cover of a.type approved by the department atthe top of the "casing to prevent any contamination of the well. If,for whatever reason, a satisfactory weir~is not obtained, the casing/screen shall be retrieved by the contractor and the drill hole sealedwith a concrete plug~to:the s"atisfaction"of the department.
A protective outer steel casing will be installed on all monitor-ing wells. _The casing. wTTl extend 2 "feet above ground surface andwill extend at least 3 feet below the surface! The casing will befitted with a locking cap.
Prior to starting the next well, the equipment used must bedecontaminated. The drilling rig and all drilling equipment will bedecontaminated be steam cleaning followed by scrubbing with detergentand potable water,"followed by rinsing with acetone.
Upgradient Exploratory Coring/Permeability Testing. In additionto the well nest "for" the-background/upgradient location, a core drill-ing operation will" be performed in the area of the well nest. Thisoperation would be located as close as possible to the monitoringwell(s) while allowing both operations to_occur simultaneously for thepurpose of "minimizing equipment mobilization time.
The operation will utilize a minimum of a 2-inch nominal coh-tinuous.rock coring method and will" be. dHTledVfo .the same depth asthe upgradient monitoring well (or.the; deep monitoring _well of a wellnest). Cores will be.collected in 5-foot se"ctions; an accurate litho-logic description of the.cores will be recorded on a log, Includingthe presence of weathered"bedrock"and fractured intervals. All coreswill be retained by the RI/F5 contractor for. future use.
Following coring, a packer permeability test will be performed inthe exploratory core hole. A double inflatable packer system will beused to test 15 feet of core hole during each test. The test interval
7-19
ftR3003U3
will be pressurized by pumping water into the interval and maintaininga constant pressure throughout the test. Water intake versus timewill be measured for 10 to 15 minutes onc& a constant pressure hasbeen reached. The test will be conducted at three different pressuresfor each tested interval. Pump-in test pressures must not "exceed thecombined soil and bedrock overburden pressure. Packer test data willbe used to calculate permeability within tested intervals.
Additional Monitoring Wells. After the initial exploratorywell(s) and coring has been completed, monitoring wells will beinstalled at five locations along the northern "and eastern-perimeters(refer to Figure.7.3 for approximate locations.) A well-nest will beinstalled at one location along the eastern perimeter in an attempt todefine vertical flow gradients and distinguish, if possible, betweenwater-bearing zones. Rationale for a nest and procedures for instal-lation are similar to that of the exploratory well nest. Note, how-ever, that well depths in this area may be different than those in theupgradient location. Single monitoring wells designed to interceptthe upper major water-bearing zone will be .installed at the remainingfour locations. Depths of these wells will be determined followinginstallation of the eastern perimeter well nest. Installation proto-col will be similar to that of the single well option in the upgradi-ent well nest. . .
Note that the sampling protocol, sampling method, field measure^-ments, lab analysis, and laboratory requirements are the same as thosepresented in the section on residential wells (see page 7-12).
Well Sample Number Estimation. All existing and proposed moni-toring wells and all residential wells outlined for the hydrogeologicinvestigation will be sampled twice during the remedial investigation(see Table 7-1).
Eastern Perimeter Pump Test. Prior hydrpgeologlc characteri-zation of the western perimeter has included performance of"a pumptest of the aquifer. However, since a component of groundwater flowhas been shown to migrate to the northeast, a pump test will be
7-20
Table 7-1
WELL SAMPLE NUMBER ESTIMATION
ResidentialWells
Samples (up to) 10*
Duplicates 1
Field Blanks 1TO
Existing ProposedMonitoring MonitoringWells Wells
... 20 . . - - - ' "8**
2 1
2 125 -:- -_- TIT
Total (one round) =46 -
Total (both.rounds) ==92 for Remedial .Investigation
*Number to be determined after site reconnaissance. At least sixwells will be .sampled. "
**Assumes two.well nests are installed.
Source: :"£ & E 1986. "" ' " . -"-- - •- —- "-=• " -"-" ----- — —
7-21RR3003U5
performed on the eastern perimeter as well. (Note that such a testmay have already been conducted after this writing; in this case, theRI/FS contractor will review the data and determine .if the methodologyand results may be Incorporated in the Remedial Investigation). Thepump test objectives are:
• Calculation of transmissivity, permeability, and storativityin the water-bearing zone(s);
• Determination of the predominant fracture direction;
• Evaluation of-fracture interconnection; and
• Examination of pumping as a remedial alternative.
It Is anticipated that one of the monitoring wells to be „Installed along the eastern perimeter may be utilized as the pumpingwell. If Inappropriate, an additional pumping well or ex-istingmonitoring well may be used.
Two observation wells will be drilled within 100 feet of thepumping well to record water level changes -during the test. Oneobservation well will be located (with respect to the pumping well)parallel to bedrock strike (approximately N60*E) while the second well •will be positioned perpendicular to this trend. This would beexpected to represent trends of high and low transmissivity. Bothwells will consist of 2-inch PVC casing and screen, and will penetrate _._and screen the same water-bearing zone as the pumping well.
Prior to the test, water level measurements will be recorded inthe pumping and observation wells (and also the second well of thenest if this location were to be utilized for pumping). A step-drawdown test will then be performed on the pumping well to evaluatethe maximum discharge capacity of the well and to measure and recorddrawdown characteristics. The duration of the pump test itself shouldbe at l*a*t 72 hours. After the test, recovery measurements will bemade on the oliaervation wells. The RI/FS contractor will thendetermine all parameters relative to aquifer hydraulics using thedata, Including storativity, transmissivity, anisotropic conditions,and the presence and extent of hydraulic interconnections.
RR3003U6
Note that prior to sampling of wells and performance of a pumptest, the RI/FS contractor shall develop a Contaminated MaterialsHandling Plan to address contaminated water which may be produced fromthe well pumping." The pTan shouTd:
• Describe the nature and quantity (anticipated) of contaminatedmaterial;
* Establish protocols for classification, collection, analysis,storage/handling, transportation, and on-site/off-site dis-posal;
• Address'the transportation requirements for material handlingand notification of transporter acceptance, licenses, andcapabilities to properly handle and haul the waste material;and -
t Address the disposal facility requirements and notification ofthe facility acceptance and capabilities to properly treat ordispose of the waste materials. In the case, of on-site dis-posal (e.g., existing treatment plant), requirements andjustifications should be included. All disposal, processing^or treatment facilities must be approved by PADER prior'totheir utilization.
Task 13: Data Analysis : , ,.: :.,,". : . ... . .-;: \ .. _ .The RI/FS contractor will review all data and information gen-
erated intermittently after each hydrogeologic=task and at the comple-tion of the RL to: —_ : --: ..__.___..._:.....- .
t Generate a groundwater contour map and compare with existingarnimHwatpr contour man:groundwater contour map;
• Determine approximate composition and boundaries of the con-taminant plume ("iso-concentration11 map), especially along thenorthern and eastern perimeters;
7-23 - - - • •
BR3003U7
t Determine the predominant groundwater flow direction andvelocity;
* Estimate contaminant migration rates;
• Provide data for risk assessments;
• Evaluate the need for further phased activities; and
* Propose and develop remedial alternatives.
If, based on a review of. the acquired data, additional RI/FSactivities are needed, the RI/FS contractor will make a recommendationon the required scope of work. PADER will review the RI/FS con-tractor's recommendation, schedule, and budget.
Task 14: Phase II Hydrogeologic Investigation (if necessary)The number and location of additional monitoring wells to be
installed as part of a Phase II investigation would be determinedafter data obtained from previous RI tasks have been collected andevaluated. The objectives of the installation of additional moni-toring wells would be to further define the boundaries of the contami-nated groundwater zone, and to acquire more data on the hydrog-eology -(lateral and vertical groundwater flow parameters) of the area.
Task 15: Remedial Investigation (RI) ReportThe RI/FS contractor will submit an RI report after completion of
the initial sampling activities and at the. end of all RI work. Thedraft RI report is due 150 days after the RI/FS Contractor has beennotified to proceed. The final RI report must be submitted 180 daysfrom the initial notice to proceed.
After review of all data at the end of the sampling, a draft RIreport will be filed by the RI/FS contractor. If further, investiga-tive work is not necessary, the draft RI repo'rt material will beincorporated into the final RI report.
The RI report should include objectives"achieved, a summary ofanalytical results and hydrologic conditions, an evaluation of the :"
7-24
extent of contamination, and recommendations and considerations forfuture phased work-... The final RI document will be prepared and willinclude, but not be limited to, the following:
• Determination of lateral and vertical extent of contaminationof the groundwater system, including the preparation of sub-surface maps" with iso-concentration lines;
• Determination of the predominant groundwater flow directionand velocity;
• Data for the_ris.k assessment program;1 • •"•"'
• Data for preparation of any additional IRMs;
• Data for preparation of remedial action health and safetyplans; and
• Development of viable alternatives for" remedial action.
Task 16: Risk AssessmentProspective RI/FS contractors will submit their technical
approach to preparing risk assessments in their proposals. After com-pletion of the'RI,' the RI/FS contractor will write the risk assess-'ment, A draft of "the risk assessment will be submitted to PADER forreview. The final risk assessment must be approved by PADER.
The risk assessment must:
• Identify and analyze the relevant health and environmentalissues; ._ :, • "f~
• Identify "parameters affecting risk that "can be addressed bycontrol procedures or remedial activity;
* .Determine exposure probability and exposure consequences;
RR3003U9
• Quantify the risk to human health or the environment onrealistic bases of likely exposure, levels and likely conse-quences; and
• Define an acceptable level of risk to be used as a goal forthe remedial program.
The. RI/FS contractor will present the risk assessment in bothnarrative and matrix format and will include a "no action" alternativerisk assessment.
7.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY tFS) - - • :: -' 1The RI/FS contractor will conduct an FS of remedial alternatives
for the site based on evaluation of data collected during IRI and RIactivities.
Task 17: FS ManagementPADER will oversee FS activities and provide a technical review
of the preliminary and final FS reports to be prepared by the RI/FScontractor.
Task 18: Identify Remedial Action Objectives and AlternativesThe FS will define specific remedial action objectives bas-ed on .
the information collected during the RI. Basic considerations w i l l -include:
• The existing and potential hazards to public health and theenvironment, including populations and ecosystems which are ormay be at risk;
• The geographical extent of the contaminant migration, bothlateral and vertical; and
• The major pathways of off-site migration.
Identify Remedial Technologies. The PS-will identify appropriateremedial technologies to be used in developing__remedial alternatives.
7-26 ' " - -SR300350
Proven technologies for handling, disposal, control, containment, andtreatment that have been successfully implemented in similar instanceswill be considered. ~~.~
Develop Remedial Alternatives. The FS wiJJ_ theh~develop specificremedial alternatives using appropriate remedial technologies. Alter-natives may include"either source control, off-site remedial actions,or both. Basic alternatives-Such as on-site containment, on-sitetreatment, and off-site treatment or disposal will be developed. Asan example, on-site containment might- entail.preventing the contami-nant plume from migrating off-site, by the use of groundwater cut-offwalls or barrier wel 1^. _ L On->tte". treatment "might include" groundwater,pumping, possibly in conjunction with, a groundw_ater cut-off wall, inaddition to physical treatment (e.g., -carbon adsorption). On-sitetreatment might also include excavation, stabilization, and replace-ment of the contaminated soils. Off-site ^disposal might includedeveloping^an inventory of disposal facilities suited to handle.thewastes or contaminated materials (e.g., a secure landfill), theirlocations; "and associated removal and transport requirements.
In addition, a:"no-action" alternative will be considered. The"no action" alternative may be appropriate Tf:
• The other remedial "actions present a greater health or envi- .ronmental danger than "no action";
• The results of:*the RI indicate no existing or potentialadverse public health or environmental effects;
• The costs to "implement any other alternative.are substantiallygreater than the benefits; and ^ -
• Other appropriate remedies are not technically feasible.
Task 19:, Screen Alternatives_________ __"__!;"_ - _
Develop Assessment Criteria. _Jhe FSj.iVL develop technical,environmental, and economic criteria to assist in performing an
flR30035
initial review of the remedial alternatives. Basic criteria willinclude: . .. . . . _ _ . _ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .....
• Order-of-magnitude cost estimates consisting of capital andlifetime operation and maintenance costs in terms of present-worth value;
• Resulting adverse public health or environmental effects fromimplementation of the alternative; and
• Reliability, effectiveness, and technical feasibility ofalternatives._ .„ .-=-- .» _ • . •_ "~~~ ~ _', ^
Screen Alternatives. The FS will apply the criteria identified"above to screen the alternatives. Alternatives costing substantiallymore than others, those which pose significant public health or envi-ronmental problems, and those determined to be unreliable, ineffec-tive, or technically unfeasible may be eliminated from further consid-eration. Members of PADER and USEPA will participate in this screen-ing process.
Prepare Summary. The FS will include a technical memorandum sum-marizing the remedial action objectives, the assessment criter-i-a, and.the screening process. The summary will list the alternatives noteliminated during the screening process. . . —- :
Task 20: Recommend and Conduct Additional Engineering Studies
Identify Data Gaps. RI studies will_be reviewed for"Tall perti-jnent data. Field data deficiencies and data gaps pertinent to reme-dial alternatives will be identified,.
Identify Studies Needed. The need for laboratory or bench-scaletreatability and other studies to fully evaluate the remedial alterna-tives will be -determined. These may include studies to further deter-mine reliability, applicability, constructability, and costs. Amemorandum will be prepared listing recommendations for additional
7-23 : - ...BR300352
engineering studies, If required, along with supporting documentation.This will be submitted to PADER for review.
Prepare Study Work Plan. A work plan for the additional studiesbased on the outcome of PADERVs review of the recommendations will beprepared.
Perform'the Studies as Appropriate. Based on the approved workplan, the additional engineering studies will be_performed.
Task 21: Evaluate Alternatives
Develop Alternatives. Each jilternative will be developed in suf-ficient detail to allow comparative technical assessment. This taskincludes the following components:
• Refine the alternatives and specify major logistic, equipment,and utility requirements. Use of established technologieswill be emphasized; " ~ -.—
• Prepare a basic component diagram";
• Define operation and maintenance/monitoring requirements;
• Define "implement at "ion requirements, including safety, consider-ations, regulatory and permit requirements, temporary storage,off-site, disposasl, and transportation;
• Prepare a conceptual site layout drawing;
* Develop a schedule for implementation and address phasing andsegmenting options;
• List potential adverse environmental impacts; describe methods.to mitigate those impacts and costs of mitigation; and
7-29flR300353
• Prepare a preliminary opinion of probable costs associatedwith each alternative, including distribution of costs overt ime.
Perform Detailed Technical Assessment of Alternatives. A compar-ative technical assessment will be performed based on acceptedengineering, economic, and environmental criteria.
a. Engineering feasibility will be determined in terms of:
• Reliability,• Established_techriQ.logy, - • -"""".• Suitability to control the site-specific problem,• Constructability and operability under site conditions,• On-site/off-site disposal capacity, and* Transportation.
b. Environmental ramifications will be determined -in terms of:
• Adverse impacts,* Effectiveness of mitigation measures,• Adequacy of source control measures,* Effectiveness of off-site control measures,• Institutional and legal constraints, and• Health and safety requirements.
c. Economic viability will be determined in terms of:
* Construction costs,• Operation and maintenance/monitoring costs,• Health and safety requirement costs,* Potential for cost escalation, and• Present-worth analysis.
d. Risk assessment:
7-30RR30035U
• The risk assessment developed in Task 23 will be appliedto each alternative.
Prepare Draft.ES Report. A.draft report evaluating the remedialalternatives will be prepared and submitted to the PADER. The reportwill summarise the information developed during the evaluation andassessment, and will document that process. "However, no ranking ofalternatives will be presented. The draft FS report is due 225 daysafter the RI/FS1contractor has received notification to proceed. Thedraft FS report will be presented to the public and comments will besolicited. After a public meeting to discuss the FS and a suitablepublic comment period,, .the appropriate agencies will'select theremedial alternative to be implemented.
Task 22: -Prepare Conceptual DesignThe RI/FS contractor will prepare ah engineering conceptual
design for the selected alternative, including, as appropriate:
• Conceptual plan view drawing of the overall site showing gen-.eral locations for project actions and facilities;
• Conceptual layouts (plan and cross sectional views) as re-quired for individual facilities,, other items to be installed-,or actions to be implemented;
• Conceptual design criteria and.rationale;
• A description of types of equipment "required, including ap-proximate capacity and size and materials of construction;
* Process flow schematics and process descriptions;
• A description of structural concepts for facilities;
* Utility requirements and rationale;
7-31 .RR30Q355
* An inventory of the required environmental permits and insti-tutional requirements;
» Operation, maintenance, and monitoring requirements;
• Engineering approach, implementation schedule, and overallproject schedule;
• Safety requirements and associated costs; and :_
• Refined estimate of probable cost.
Task 23: Prepare Final FS ReportThe results of the FS and conceptual design of the selected reme-
dial alternative wfll be included in the final Report. The reportwill also address comments received from PADER, USEPA, and the.publicon the draft FS report. The final report will document the decisionprocess used to select the preferred alternative and the conceptualdesign. The final FS report must be submitted to PADER 270 days afterthe RI/FS contractor has been notified to proceed. .
7-32 :flR300356
8. PROJECT SCHEDULE
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9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
AGES Corporation,' August, 1982, Hydrogeologic 'Assessment of Off -SiteWater Supplies, York County, Pennsylvania, completed for SCAServices. " .. "-- - - -•- -'-- -" "
AGES Corporation, December, 1982, Long.- term" Pump Test - DruckResidential Well, completed for SCA Services. ^_ ~~
Casarett and Doull's Toxfcology, 1980, McMilJ iart Publishing, Inc., NewYork. .:-.-.. -- ....-.-.-- .-.. - •-- r:~- .':--.. = - ' '= - ' V-"
Ecology and .Environment, Inc., August I, 1982, Potential HazardousWaste Site, Site Inspection Report.
Ecology and. Environment, Inc., October. 1982, A PreliminaryAssessment and Site Inspection ofV Modern Sanitat.lon Landfill.
Hammer, Mark .0., 1975, Water and Waste-Water Technology, John Wiley &Sons, New York.
Lloyd, Orville B. and Douglas J. "Growl tz, 1-977, Groundwater Resourcesof Central and Southern York County, Pennsylvania, PAPER, Bureauof Topographic and Geologic Survey, Water Resource Report 42.
Modern Trash Removal" of 'York, Inc., May'21, 19.84, transmittal ofQuarterly Well Analysis Report from \J6ri Yinger, District Manager,to 'Frank Fair, PAD-TR".
NUS Corporation, April 19, 1983, A ToxicoTogical Review for ModernSanitation Landfill.
NUS. Corporation, June 13., 1984 Hazard Ranking System for ModernSanitation. ;y .7"!""." __.._ .
PADER, September 20, 1984', Consent Order, and Agreement, prepared forModern Trash Removal of York, Inc.
5R300361
PADER, December 13, 1984, Meeting between Mike Steiner and Gene Pine,PADER, and Bill Goode and Heidi Smith, Ecology and Environment,Inc.
PADOH, May 3, 1971, Solid Waste Disposal and/or Processing, Site - orApplication Mocfille, Phase I, prepared for Modern Trash Removal.
Quirus, Frank, AFITL III, September 27, 1982, Memorandum to Ed ShoenerEPA III, through Joseph G. McGovern, FITL III.
Schott, Robert J., February 15, 1983, Aquatic Biological"InvestigationUnnamed Tributary to Kreutz Creek Near Modern Landfill, YorkCounty, prepared for James V. Donato, P.E., Chief, Permits andGrants Section, Harrisburg Regional Office, .
Stose, George W. and Jonas, Anna I., 1973, Geology and"MTneralResources of York County, Pennsylvania, PAPER., Bureau 'of Topo-graphic and Geolcgvc Survey, County Report '67.
USDA, 1977, Pennsylvania Soil Interpretations of York County, SCS incooperation with The Pennsylvania State University and PADER.
Weast, Robert C., 1980, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRCPress, Inc., Boca Raton, F l o r i d a . :
Wright, R.E. Associates,"Inc., May, 1984, Modern Landfill, York,Pennsylvania, Phase I. Investigation of Leachate Collection""Alternatives in The Western Perimeter Area, prepared for SCAServices. ' - : -
Wright, R.E. Associates, Inc., August, 1984, SCA-Modern Landfill, YorkCounty, Pennsylvania, Phase II, Investigation Interim ReportInstallation of Groundwater Interceptor Wells in the WesternPerimeter Area, for SCA Services, I n c . ' T ~ ~ ~ ~
9-2
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SR300377
Appendix C (Cont.)
A SUMMARY OF INORGANIC ANALYSESAS AVAILABLE FOR FOUR ELEMENTS OF CONCERN
Location/Date__________CADMIUM IRON MANGANESE LEAD
Peters Well+ 06-23-82 ND ND ND 0.039
Frey Well+ 06-23-82 ND 7 0.42 0.36
••- -•- •- —. '." .. -• . - - _ - .. _-———_.._,., . • ---.-.- - - - — ____ ...__
Springhouse A+ 06-23-82 ND ND 0.67 " " ND
00 03-31-82 .____. - 0.0005 0.03 : 0.16 - . 0.006
Springhouse B+06-23-82 "ND 0.43 0.25 - 0.020
Upstream of Discharge+ 06-23-82 _ --___. - ND 0.20 0.040 : ^ ND
Treatment PlantDischarge '+ 06-23-82 ND 0.10 0.040 .. _. . 0.031oo 03-31-82 __ 0.0003 0.32 ; 0.23 : " -CQ..OQ5
Downstream ofDischarge+ 06-23-82 ... ND 0.26 . ; 0,059 " ND
Downstream of Eastern " ~~~Tributary+ 06-23-82 0.016 0.14 0.030 ND
Upstream of EasternTributary+ 06-23-82 ND 0.15 : 0.041 ND
C-l. -
flR300378
Appendix C
A SUMMARY OF INORGANIC ANALYSES"'AS AVAILABLE FOR FOUR ELEMENTS OF CONCERN
, + - , „ * - CADMIUM IRON MANGANESE LEADLocation/Date -
Brown New We "I 1* 01-06-82 : ,,..fr± _,,.»_ >/ . •--:- --=132 - - - --. - -* 02-11-82 • " -- -,- ' " 116 ^ -* 02-15-82 :_. - - --- - 116 "_ - - - - - _ _ •* 02-25-82 ..:" - ": " " 120
Brown Old Well - .,._.-__=.. ----- •:.--.---- " ""* 01-06-82 : -U ND* 02-11-82 - •-...- --^ __ :_!- 0.26 - - _- ~* 02-15-82 "" " r. .v:.:. .:-~~T:. 1.23 - -* 02-25-82 . .__. :.:..___: i ..:."=: .,:.-=.-:.:: o. 28 -
Brown Dug Well* 01-06-82* 02-11-32 .-. ^ •..::— —— "0.92* 02-15-82 .-" ._„..-:.:>, ;0.92* 02-25-82 "-:- -".""-"V. o.34
Druck Well# 04-19-80 , . _.„,„ . .-.-^.1~ «.:...,&.:- - - - . • • ' " " " - - .* 01-27-81 . . - "- : - - 0.01$ 04-28-81 - . -,-. = -,- . -". - - -- 0.03# 08-03-81 -- 0.05# 11-16-81 _ - _ . -0.01* 01-06-82 " " - l -- - - - - ~ ND -* 02-11-82 . . . - - - - T-- !075 -* 02-15-82 ~ -" i - ' -0115 -* 02-25-82 -" - ' _ - =0.14 -# 03-22-82 — •- ----- "---_ "J'l-ll-'O.'bi _- --+06-23-82 -• - • • - ::" ~ ": " "TND"" " NO. ND 0.011* 08-03-82 - - - - , 0,001 __ "0.21 ' " - 0.53* 05-05-83' - . .'-.'-- --• I-."—--- - "0\24 , ~" ~~-* 08-17-83 - - - 0.75 -* 11-02-83 - - -- ----- - 0.44* 04-04-84 : : --- -- ,.,...- o.35 • V- "
RR300379
Appendix C (Cant.)
A SUMMARY OF INORGANIC ANALYSESAS AVAILABLE FOR FOUR ELEMENTS OF CONCERN
Location/DateTrench
1 04-19-80f 04-28-81* 03-22-82* 08-03-82* 05-05-83* 08-17-83* 04-04-84
CADMIUM IRON MANGANESE LEAD
0.16 "1.4 ... . -, - _0.14
- -- .. 0.18 - - -0.001 - 0.38 - -60.010
4.28 . _ . - - _ ... - _._ -0.30 ._ _ _ _ _ . . ,Q>53 . ..-.--........ _ .. ....
A-l+ 06-23-82 0.012 330 .... . 2.6 " " " ~0.11
A-2+ 06-23-82 0.003 : 250 . :. - .28 0.051* 01-06-82 - ND
A-3* 01-06-82 - ND
A-4* 01-06-82* 02-11-82* 02-15-82* 02-25-82
B-l1 04-19-80# 04-28-81f 08-03-81£ 11-16-81f 03-22-82+ 06-23-82* 08-03-82* 10-22-82* 05-05-83* 08-17-83* 11-02-83* 04-04-84
, .ND -1.96 :-0.21 ~ '0.14 - - . . ._.
6.2 : Q.21- - - - - 32 =..-.. .
140.34
... - 4 - - - - —0.58 200 - 2.20.002 - 17.03 . - :_ _
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C-3
BR300380
Appendix C (Cant.)
A SUMMARY OF"INORGANIC ANALYSESAS AVAILABLE FOR FOUR ELEMENTS OF CONCERN
. • , „ " " " "CADMIUM IRON MANGANESE LEADLocation/Date -..-.._.__-. -^ :.-" -...' — -------- - - . . . . _ _ . , _ . . . . .
B-2# 04-19-uJ# 04-28-81# 08-03-81# 11-16-81"# 03-22-82+ 06-23-32* 05-05-83* 08-17-83* 11-02-83* 04-04-84
B-3# 04-19-80# 04-28-81# 08-03-81# 11-16-81 -# 03-22-82+ 06-23-82*. 08-03-82* 10-22-82* 05-05-83,* 08-- 17-83* 11-02-83* 04-04-84
B-15 ~~I 04-19-80# 04-28-81# 08-03-81"# 11-16-81# 03-22-82+ 06-23-82* 08-03-82* 10-22-82* 05-05-83* 08-17-83* 11-02-83* 04-04-84
- -- ——: - -.—_- " .. _.. i- - -P-,-— - =:nr~ : .. -•-.-.= i~=- ..-_.=.--" 1~ ~ .... ~ "- — r
--- ""-" - — - "~~I- 4.9 0.22..... -__- ........... ., =- 2-,=5 - -
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._._.. — ----- ----- - -•-• . .-- 3.5- - :.- -ND " "" Id"" ..." "0.17 0.045
- _...... 0.002 14.87 - 0.010 -' ...._. .____._.__ -,__,--! -"F-"."-ia,91 - - 0.063-- --- - ~- -~ — - — ": --- '-'- -12.0 . - . _ . _ _ . _ . - -r: _. ..:_»,._ - - . .25
^- " - - : -0.18 . -- -" ---•:-•"- - 0.106 - -
- - - - - ;- ,.- . ..
- --—=-- -— - - ---4.5 . . . - : . ." ' - -- --- •' 1.6 " " " ! " - -- - "-._; . 0.47 _ ... .... . -
" / " " " • - " ~"-V" " " -".""" - "3,5""----• - v -3.1"" """ ' 1.3 0.036-0.005 - 1.67' ™ " " - " 0.051
"' ------ - ------ — : :2V48 - 0.032- - - - ""- J3.80 . .___._.-__-_.-._ ...- .-•--.-—.: ~-L..~:- — ..--—- —— --------- 3.3 '-:- '--• :i- ". ...:•'.:. i.:-t- -:~~~~i± '.-•5" - . - - - • _ - .
- - 0.317: -— -
fiR30038
Appendix C (Cont.)
A SUMMARY OF INORGANIC ANALYSESAS AVAILABLE FOR FOUR ELEMENTS OF CONCERN
Location/DateB-18
1 04-19-801 04-28-81f 08-03-81f 11-16-81# 03-22-82+ 06-23-82* 08-03-82* 10-22-82* 05-05-83* 08-17-83* 11-02-83* 04-04-84
B-19i 04-19-80# 04-22-811 11-16-811 03-22-82 -* 08-03-82* 05-05-83* OS-17-83* 11-02-83* 04-04-84
B-20* 04-19-80# 04-22-811 11-16-811 03-22-82* 08-03-82* 05-05-83* 08-17-83* 11-02-83* 04-04-84
CADMIUM IRON MANGANESE LEAD
_54.5 4.94.5400.08 . - _ -2 - , -
..— --— — — .,„-: . . .. ,.J— :. .. .40 . ;" =_- - - - - 18.81 ' -_—-•--- - Qa5
. 8.6219.6 ".. ' -. :. ' - _. -t.7 -6.69 : - '. . . - . .
"- - 0.49 0.05. ... . . 4 . - - . ^
o.oi. : - - ... . 0.08 , - . . .. - - .„ .
0.012 0.27 " - --- ^ 0.0200.22 - _ _ - _
17.3 - --- - 1 - ;.. ,.- :"" :"
0.528 -J -
0.2 . ' 0.05 /L. ....- - - - - - 0.25 - - ~
0.14 - . .. -o.oe - - . _ - . _. : - - -. .
0.001 2.64 - ... . 0.0100.12 -. ._" '- - ' - . _.
- 26.9 - -11.5 --": :_ .._ - •..: : := -- ....3.24
C-5 . ...... ..__ . .
BR300382
Appendix C (Cont.)
A SUMMARY OF INORGANIC ANALYSESAS AVAILABLE FOR FOUR ELEMENTS OF CONCEi
Location/Date ..__.•:" "TT 'I ~ ML^ MANGANESE
B-21 _-. . . . . . . - — .-=." ~- — —-" -— "•-"-# 04-19-80 . r~. --,.-. ..----.- 6.6 3.4# 04-22-81 - . - --" - . -- - 4.5.# 11-16-81 . ' ' - ' :. - 0.06 . . . " . 1 .# 03-22-82 . ;.% - 2 •-'"•- -* 08-03-82 -- -- ---0,003 12,93* 05-05-83 •-:•-_:.-...; - --.. - - 3.92 -* 08-17-83 - - _ - ^ :— ,-"10.5" 'r *^~ ~ '* 11-02--83 - - -- 3.4* 04-04-84 :- 1.85
W-4 - - -_ --- ...- . -T-- -.T . __. V -. - --- ":i — .^_ -
++ 06-27-84 to - -" .- • •07-19-84 -'- - < Q;tll ",. .< O.Q1 " 0.13
W-5 - 1 "- - " " " " _'J-.-"~r7' -.: r- -':-:
++ 06-27-84 to07-19-84 " ^0.01 "-<-,Q.01 " - .0.13
W-7 - — - - - - - - . . _ _ . - . .
++ 06-27-84 to07-19-84 - - < 0.01 -_ ,0.01 "..",." 1.01
w-8 - -- "-" :: - • -. - _ - • " "• • - '- ' - -- "; -++ 06-27-84 to ::/ - -=-. - ^ - L,_Z:: _:.,..,-::
07-19-84 -<:: 0.01 45 , . _ 18
W-9 . - - - -.-- - ^ "-' - --- ; - " - " L - - - - --"-"••-++ 06-27-84 to . . . - . . - - • • • .
07-19-84 '.0.01 <0,01^ "'." ..r0.il
w-io .... . -.-._-,-=.„. ..,_.•-„:,__:-- ..-:•.-.. =.. ._-++ 06-27-84 to . -
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C-6
flR300383
Appendix C (Cont.)
A SUMMARY OF INORGANIC ANALYSESAS AVAILABLE FOR FOUR ELEMENTS OF CONCERN
Location/Date . ™mim IRON MANGANESE" . , LEAD
W-ll++ 06-27-84 to
07-19-84 . < 0.01 < 0.01 __ ,0,01 . -^ ^_ _ = < 0.03
W-12++ 06-27-84 to _ . . - . — - '-• :i .
07-19-84 £ 0:01 * < 0.01 0.01 -- < 0.03
W-13++ 06-27-84 to
07-19-84 < 0.01 < 0.01 4.88 - - < 0.03
W-14++ 06-27-84 to
07-19-84 < 0.01 1.89 0.20 < 0.03
W-15 - — --—^-- .«...._,, ... . ..- ... _
+ + 06-27-84 t o . . . .07-19-84 / 0.01 0.04 0.20 .< 0.03'
NOTE: All Values reported In mg/1
* AGES Sampling Resultsf Eastern Laboratory Service Associates -Sampling Results for SCA Services+ ERA Sampling Resultsoo PADER Aquatic Biological Investigation Sampling Results (by Robert J. Schott)++ R. E, Wright Associates Sampling ResultsND Not Detected- Not Tested For
C-7
AR3Q0381*