ecology of ants

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Ecology of ants Ant Mosaics and Dominance

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Ecology of ants. Ant Mosaics and Dominance. Ants` role in ecosystems. 40-60% of all animal biomass predation & scavenging. Ants` role in ecosystems. niche diversification structuring the invertebrate community. Community ecology of ants. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Ecology of ants

Ecology of antsAnt Mosaics and Dominance

Page 2: Ecology of ants

Ants` role in ecosystems

• 40-60% of all animal biomass• predation & scavenging

Page 3: Ecology of ants

Ants` role in ecosystems

• niche diversification• structuring the invertebrate community

Page 4: Ecology of ants

Community ecology of ants

• convenient model organisms• modular, sessile organisms

•parallel with plants

Page 5: Ecology of ants

Ant Functional Groups

• Andersen 1986• parallel to Grime`s classification

Page 6: Ecology of ants

Dominant Dolichoderinae

Subordinate Camponotini Generalized Myrmicinae

Page 7: Ecology of ants

Ant Mosaics

• groups of particular co-occurring ant species

• specific functional groups

• positive & negative associations

Page 8: Ecology of ants

Nigeria /Taylor 1975/

negative associations positive associations

Page 9: Ecology of ants

abundance

Page 10: Ecology of ants

Ant Dominance

• space and food resources monopolization

• different types of dominance:

1. Ecological2. Behavioural3. Numerical

Page 11: Ecology of ants

Ant Dominance

• cca. 150 of 12 000 species referred as dominant

Dolichoderinae

Formicinae

Myrmicinae

Page 12: Ecology of ants

Ant Dominance

• trophobiosis• arboreal ants• nitrogen gained from lower trophic levels

Page 13: Ecology of ants

Ant Dominance

-1.0 1.0

-0.8

0.6

AGGRESS

AGGRESSr

TERR1

TERR1r

TERR2

TERR2r

TERR3

TERR3r

MASREC

MASRECr

AcroPara

AnonGilbAnonScru

AnopLong

AnopCust

AnopStei

AphaRudiAphaPerp

AtopMocq

AzteInst

AzteChar

BracObscBracHeer

CampFerr

CampArroCampPuntCampSeneCampCras

CampMaci

CampSene

CampPunlCampBlanCampMacuCampQuerCampRufi

CampMus

CampMela

CampBore

CataAene

Cephalot

CremDepr

CremModi

CremScut

CremMimo

CremCari

CremPeri

CremMela

CremLaev

CremStri

CremAshmCremClar

CremGabo

CremMagn

DoliThorDoliBisp

DoliDeco

DoryBico

EctaRuidEctaTube

ForePrui

FormTran

FormNeoc

FormPoly

FormPrat

FormRufa

FormCine

FormAqui

FormSang

FormExse

IridPurp

IridSang

IridRufo

IridSang

LasiGran

LasiFlavLasiPara

LasiBrun

LasiNige

LepisiotLeptogen

Leptotho

LineHumi

Liometop

MelophorMeranopl

MesoBarbMesoAcic

MesoAndr

MonoPharMonoDest

MonoRoth

Myrmica

MyrcOpac

Odontoma

OecoSmar

OecoLong

Papyrius

ParpClav

PartLong

PheiRadoPheiMega

PheiCali

PheiPali

PheiSimo

PheiOceaPheiFerv

PheiSuba

Plagiole

PogoBarb

PogoDese

PogoOcciPogoRugo

PolyMiliPoluLabo

PrenImpa

Proformi

RhytRufi

RhytAura

SoleGemi

SoleRich

SoleInvi

SoleSaev

SoleXylo

SoleElec

TapiSessTapiIndiTapiNigeTapiMela

Technomy

TetmAcul

TetmSemi

TetmHisp

TetmLapa

TetpNitiTetpAnth

WasmAuro

PCA, 53% ax1+ax2

Page 14: Ecology of ants

Cluster analysisWard`s method

Euclidean distances

• 4 groups of dominant ants distinguished

Page 15: Ecology of ants

Phylogeny vs Environment

Environment 0,043

Phylogeny

0,1660,053

0,329

Variable[s] Covariable[s] explained variability F value p estimatephylogeny [P] vse krom P, E 0,219 7,127 0,001

environment [E] vse krom P, E 0,097 1,076 0,297P + E vse krom P, E 0,263 3,987 0,001

phylogeny [P] vse krom P 0,166 5,725 0,001environment [E] vse krom E 0,043 1,176 0,183

sum of all eigenvalues = 0,329

Page 16: Ecology of ants

BLOCK Block cumulative percentage var 999 permutationsax1 ax2 ax3 ax4 F value p estimate

DIET /PLANTS/ DIETplnt 15,4 45,3 66,4 82,1 7,477 0,001NEST NESL**** + NSTR****33,3 45,3 49,9 53,2 6,077 0,001

PHYLOGENY PG****** [not genera = not PGgen**]31,7 46,8 56,8 61,9 5,725 0,001PG Formicinae PGfor* 28,3 35,4 38,9 41 5,085 0,001

DIET DIET**** 23 34,2 38,5 40,8 4,767 0,001FUNCT GROUP AFUG**** 21 32 39,8 44,8 4,744 0,001

PG Dolichoderinae PGdol* 14,7 24 25,5 51,8 4,686 0,001POLYMORPHISM PLMORPH* 9,4 15,2 45,1 66,3 3,677 0,001

COLONY SIZE CLSIZ*** 13,7 15,1 45,1 66,2 3,659 0,002PG Myrmicinae PGmyr* 11,7 18 22,1 25,3 3,47 0,002MORPHOLOGY CLSIZ*** + BDSIZE + PLMORPH*14,4 21,4 26,6 27,7 3,253 0,001

LATITUDE GEOL**** 8,4 9,7 41,6 64,1 2,205 0,023POLYDOMY POLYDO* 3,4 5,7 39 62,5 1,237 0,285

DITRIBUTION GEO***** 14,7 20,5 24,6 25,9 1,129 0,283HABITAT HAB***** 7,2 12,3 13,8 15,1 1,068 0,366

NEST LOCATION NESL**** 3,6 4,9 38,4 62,1 1,045 0,378BODY SIZE BDSIZE 1,6 36,6 60,9 79,2 0,663 0,603

INVASIVNESS INASIV* 0,5 35,6 60,4 79 0,2 0,966

Page 17: Ecology of ants

BLOCK Block cumulative percentage var 999 permutationsax1 ax2 ax3 ax4 F value p estimate

DIET /PLANTS/ DIETplnt 15,4 45,3 66,4 82,1 7,477 0,001NEST NESL**** + NSTR****33,3 45,3 49,9 53,2 6,077 0,001

PHYLOGENY PG****** [not genera = not PGgen**]31,7 46,8 56,8 61,9 5,725 0,001PG Formicinae PGfor* 28,3 35,4 38,9 41 5,085 0,001

DIET DIET**** 23 34,2 38,5 40,8 4,767 0,001FUNCT GROUP AFUG**** 21 32 39,8 44,8 4,744 0,001

PG Dolichoderinae PGdol* 14,7 24 25,5 51,8 4,686 0,001POLYMORPHISM PLMORPH* 9,4 15,2 45,1 66,3 3,677 0,001

COLONY SIZE CLSIZ*** 13,7 15,1 45,1 66,2 3,659 0,002PG Myrmicinae PGmyr* 11,7 18 22,1 25,3 3,47 0,002MORPHOLOGY CLSIZ*** + BDSIZE + PLMORPH*14,4 21,4 26,6 27,7 3,253 0,001

LATITUDE GEOL**** 8,4 9,7 41,6 64,1 2,205 0,023POLYDOMY POLYDO* 3,4 5,7 39 62,5 1,237 0,285

DITRIBUTION GEO***** 14,7 20,5 24,6 25,9 1,129 0,283HABITAT HAB***** 7,2 12,3 13,8 15,1 1,068 0,366

NEST LOCATION NESL**** 3,6 4,9 38,4 62,1 1,045 0,378BODY SIZE BDSIZE 1,6 36,6 60,9 79,2 0,663 0,603

INVASIVNESS INASIV* 0,5 35,6 60,4 79 0,2 0,966

-0.30 0.30

-0.1

50

.20

GEOneotr

GEOneotr

AFUGscam

AFUGgmyr

INVASIV

NSTRung

NSTRungR

NSTRarb

POLYDO

PDTfacR

PLMORPH

DIEThomo

DIETplnt PGsubD

PGsubF

PGsubM

PGmyr2

PGfor1

PGfor2

AGGRES AGGRESr

TERR1

TERR1r

TERR2 TERR2r

TERR3

TERR3r

MSREC

MSRECr

NOMINAL ENV.VARIABLES

SPECIES

Page 18: Ecology of ants