##ecology of daylight - lecture notes in black and white

8/9/2019 ##Ecology of Daylight - Lecture Notes in Black and White

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Ecology of Daylighting:Design Matters

How sense-luscious the world is. In the summer, we can be decoyed out of bed by

the sweet smell of the air soughing through our bedroom window. The sun playing

across the curtains gives them a moire effect, and they seem to shudder in light,

someone might hear the dawn sound of a cardinal....We need to return to feeling

the textures of life.

-- Diane Ackerman, A Natural History of the Senses

Mary GuzowskiAssociate Professor

[email protected]


What Matters?: 12 Critical realms of influence1. Process matters: Break down barriers between design disciplines + beyond

2. Goals matter: Raise the bar: inspire change (Global warming; use; etc.)

3. Place matters: know the site and building metabolism (living design)

4. Passive matters: (daylight integrated with natural ventilation & passive heat

5. Modest matters: use less (use less and less; aspire for ZED)

6. Form matters: (then technology)

7. Color and materials matter: link color and concept

8. Envelope matters: Living skins - link three-dimensionally and in layers

9. Systems matter: Integrate innovative and renewabl;e systems andtechnologies

10. Flexibility matters: (design for adaptability and change)11. Health matters: physical and psychological well-being

12. Assessment matters: qualitative and quantitative

1. Process Matters:Ecological connections between disciplines + beyond

Challenge boundaries between design disciplines andbeyond

Integrate ecology, economy, equity

Consider design linkages across scales and issues(integrate across boundaries and disciplines)

See daylighting with a fresh approach (reconsider whatyou currently see as limits)


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Beyond Incremental ImprovementsGoing Beyond LEED

The Living Building Challenge

Global Warming Emissions

2030 Challenge: www.architecture 2030.org

AIA Minnesota 2004 Climate Change Position StatementEnergy Efficient Residential and Commercial Buildings

20% Renewable Energy by 2020

Architecture 2030 Challenge - Carbon Neutral Buildings(adopted by AIA National and US Council of Mayors)

60% CO2 Reduction by 2010




Carbon Neutral by 2030

2. Goals matter:Raise the bar: inspire change (Global warming;

use; etc.);

WHAT ARE YOU TRYING TO DO, WHY, AND HOW?

Link concepts, program needs, and ecological concerns

Go beyond incremental improvement: redefine theecological goals and visions

Strive for next generation thinking for sustainability:what arent we considering that we should? Whatlinkages arent being made?

Can daylight solve multiple concerns (poetic, pragmatic,ecological)?


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Adam Lewis Center, Oberlin

expand clients intentions and program

PROGRAM NARRATIVEframing the questions

defining your intentions

developing a conceptual framework What?

Who?

When? Where?

How?

NEXT GENERATION THINKINGwhat are we missing?

how can daylight do more? Daylight and health?

Daylight and education?

Daylight and renewable energy?

Daylight and food production?

Daylight and waste processing?

Daylight and healing?

Daylight and beauty?

Daylight and social connections?

Etc.?

2. Goals matter:Raise the bar: inspire change

Z6 House, Ray Kappe and LivingHomes

(zero-energy, waste, carbon, emissions, water, ignorance)

3. Place mattersKnow the site and interior building metabolism

create living designs

Take a bioregional approach; know place (mood, feeling,seasonal & diurnal phenomena)

Consider time and change as positive forces

Environment, architecture/interiors, human interaction

Create living design (dynamic, changing)

Consider interior design opportunities to celebrate placeand connect to seasonal transitions (light, heat, air, inside-out connections)

Design to place inhabitants (foster reverence for place)


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Know yourEcosystem

know the ecosystem and site inhabitants

Climate data: Sun, wind, and light (DeKay)

Know your climate

know the sky conditions and seasonal moods


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know the site sources of light

Strive for place inspired light; help

place inhabitants

Baagsvaard ChurchJorn Utzon, Denmark

Seabird Island SchoolPatkau Architects, B.C.

Foster connection to

site forces and seasonal

shifts

Consider interior and

exterior migrations

Celebrate seasonal

changes: finishes,

details, furnishings,

color

Foster different places

of light in time


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Kyoto Protocol HouseSarah Nettelton Architects, Minneapolis

4. Passive Matters:Strive for ZED; Harvest free energy (wind, light,

heat)

Eliminate or dramatically reduceneed for fossil fuels

Combine design for light, heat,and air

Select materials and finishes tosupport the integration ofpassive systems and daylighting

Consider space planning tosupport passive design(furnishing, floor treatments,exposure to mass)

Consider skin, shading, interiorwindow treatments for seasonalissues


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Select interior materials and finishes to combine

lighting, heating, and cooling on a seasonal basis

House at Bingie PointGlenn Murcutt, Australia

5. Modest matters:Use less and less and less; continue to aspire for ZED

consider need vs. want

Do more with less: Use daylight for multiple uses; (considerwhat revisions can done via programming?)

Eliminate or dramatically reduce consumption of fossil fuel(what do you really need; what can you harvest free fromthe site?)

Be creative with programming and space planning(balance quality, quantity, poetic, pragmatic)

How can material selection, finishes, detailing, etc. helpachieve optimal daylight with minimal means?

Put light where it is really needed

Celebrate shadow (not just light a little goes a long way if

done well)

A little can go a long wayless is more


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Put light where its neededAmbient vs. task lighting

Government Canyon Visitor CenterSan Antonio, TX, Lake Flato Architects

Eliminate space that is not needed

Create outdoor rooms and circulation where possible

Blur interior and exterior boundaries when appropriate

Thomas HerzogSolar Housing in Denmark (in planning)


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Colorado Court Affordable HousingSanta Monica, Pugh+Scarpa

southwest

southeast

Beddington Zero Energy Development(BedZED) Sutton, England; Bill Dunster Architects

Modest Matters: Use layers of light and space tiny can work

bedZED: Dunsler Architects, England


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6. Form Matters:(then technology)

CRITICAL ISSUES OF FORM1. Use the right strategy for the right job

2. Keep it thin; Strive for bilateral and/or multi-lateral

3. Beg, borrow, or steal light daylight and air

4. Use the room as a light fixture (walls, floors, ceilings)

5. Control, control, control (but only when appropriate)

6. Find places to celebrate light

7. Work with shadow (not just light)

Note: Consider how this may relate to your current work?

Why would you use one strategy versus anotherDaylight strategy: why does it matter (top vs. sidelight)?1. Site issues: Site or building constraints for solar access (vegetation, adjacent

buildings)?

2. Formal, aesthetic, and/or structural issues: constraints or limitations?

3. Lighting intentions?: what are the roles of the windows; views, light, passive

solar, aesthetics, etc. (when is side vs. top better?)

4. Programmatic issues: what are you trying to light? Perimeter, surface, space,

object?

5. Quantitative vs, qualitative issues: How much light is needed and when?

(top more efficient smaller aperture needed, but seasonal overheating);

seasonal sun angles; desired effect & quality?

6. Comfort issues: thermal comfort and visual comfort; quality vs. quantity of

light from side vs. top and from different orientations?

7. Ecological issues: energy and resource goals; links to health and well-being,green economics, etc.

6. Form Matters:Use the right strategy for the right job

Sidelight

Toplight

Clerestories

Lightscoops

Sunscoops

Monitors

Hybrid (top + side

+ other)

Atria

Lightwells


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Consider Volume vs. surface vs. skin

Nasher Piano; Kashino - Ando

Toplighting or sidelight; hybrid?Link to place, program, experience

6. Form Matters:Keep it thin; Strive for bilateral or multilateral daylight

Palmetto HouseJersey Devils, Florida

Consider interior forms, finishes and detailing to optimize light, air, heat


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6. Form Matters:Beg, borrow, or steal daylight and views

Beg, borrow, and steal daylight and views

Ove Arup OfficeEngland

6. Form Matters:Use the room as a light fixture (walls, floors, ceilings)


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6. Form Matters:Consider control, control, control (but only when needed)

6. Form Matters:Find places to celebrate light and provide relief

6. Form Matters:Work with shadow (not just light)


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7. Colors and Materials Matter:Use color and value to support your goals

Color and MaterialsConsider natural colors of light: sky conditions

James Turrell, Night Rise,

Location Scottsdale Museum of

Contemporary Art, Nancy and Art Schwalm

Sculpture Garden

Color and MaterialsConsider natural colors of light: time of day


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Color and MaterialsConsider natural colors of material and interaction with light

Color and MaterialsConsider the interaction of light, color, and

interior or exterior finishes

Color and MaterialsConsider interaction between surfaces

and reflected light


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Color and MaterialsConsider the manipulation of light levels or distribution

Color and MaterialsConsider the physical sensation or thermal response


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Color and MaterialsConsider Expressive Opportunities

(to create a mood or feeling)

7. Color and Materials MatterConsider day and night transitions

Chapel of St. Ignatius, Stephen Holl, Seattle, WA


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8. Envelope matters:Living skins: think three dimensionally and in layers

Think inside-out: integrate interior design andarchitectural designs (blur boundaries between insideand outside; integrate design of skin across disciplines)

Design for orientation (not all sides are equal)

Design skin for place (window size and orientation)

Consider the concept of a living ecological envelope Design to respond to changing site, season, climate, program

needs (adjustable, adaptable envelope)

Simple envelopes work (e.g. inexpensive shading,awning, screens, plants)

Select forms, materials, and finishes to integrate light,thermal, and sound (3-D envelopes)

3D skins: Layering Inside-outsideblur boundaries and link disciplines


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8. Envelope matters:Living skins: think three dimensionally and in layers

Not all sides are created equallythink inside-out

Herzog & de Meuron

Shuttered Skin

Layering: outside


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Layering: at the glazing

The Systems Integrated 3-D Skin: structure, light, heat, ventilationFumihiko Maki

Tokyo Church of Christ, Japan

Layering Inside

Bigelow ChapelHGA, New Brighton, MN


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9. Flexibility matters:be adaptable for change (eliminate obsolescence)

Naked HouseShigeru BanKawagoe, Japan


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10. Health Matters:Physical and Psychological Well-being

Healthy Places: Connections MatterRoslyn Lindheim

Studies of people who get sick most often and mostseriously indicate that the people in these groups are insome wayout of connectionand lack meaningfulsocial and natural connectedness. These are the lonelyones, people disconnected from family, friends, society,and other types of social supports. These are the peopleat the lowest ends of hierarchies, disconnected from asense of pride and control over their lives. These are the

people disconnected from their natural environment andrhythms and cycles of life

Places/Volume 2, Number 4, pp. 17-27 (reading Tues. Feb. 8)

Sick Building Syndromeand Building Related IllnessINDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (IEQ)EPA Research Lighting, heating, and cooling

Visual, thermal, and acoustic comfort

Control systems

Erogonomics

Color

Aesthetics and beauty

Social and environmental contact and connections

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ).Others

Connections Matterinside out


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Views matterinner and outer

Health and View: Vivian LoftnessProfessor of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon; USGBC

Daylight and Offices: Heschong and MahonePG&E: Office Study

www.h-m-g.com/

Sacramento Municipal Utility District. The firststudy looked at 100 workers in an incomingcall center,

Workers in the Call Center were found toprocess calls 6% to 12% faster when they hadthe best possible view versus those with noview.

Office workers were found to perform 10% to25% better on tests of mental function andmemory recall when they had the bestpossible view versus those with no view.


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Daylight and Classrooms: Heschong and MahonePG&E: Classroom Study

www.h-m-g.com/

In Seattle Washington and Fort Collins Colorado,

where end-of-year test scores were used as theoutcome variable, students in classrooms with themost daylighting were found to have 7% to 18%higher scores than those with the least.

In San Juan Capistrano, California, where the studywas able to examine the improvement between falland spring test scores, we found that students withthe most daylighting in their classrooms progressed20% faster on math tests and 26% faster on readingtests in one year than in those with the least.

Daylight and Retail: Heschong and MahonePG&E; Retail Spaces

www.h-m-g.com/

The retailer, who will remain anonymous, allowed usto study 73 store locations in California from 1999 to2001. Of these, 24 stores had a significant amount ofdaylight illumination, provided primarily by diffusingskylights.

This study was performed as a follow-on to a similarstudy completed for Pacific Gas and Electric in 1999,which found that for a certain retail chain, all otherthings being equal, stores with skylights experienced40% higher sales than those without skylights.

Operable matters


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Windows, views, visual relief, connections of all sorts: Celebrate interior and exterior

views

Ove Arup OfficeEngland

11. Systems MatterTake an integrated approach (Loren case study)

Coordinate the massing, plan, and

section to integrate lighting,

ventilation, heating, others

Take a stand for operable windows

Integrate technology & systems

Glazing systems

Shading systems

Electric lighting controls (even

manual)

HVAC systems coordination

Renewables

Look for a spectrum of solutions:simple works

Footcandle contours in planand section Quantity and distribution of light for

program, tasks, and activities

IES recommendation comparison

Time sequence photographs Sun patterns on a diurnal and seasonal

basis

Possible problem areas from directsunlight, glare, veiling reflections

Possible problems from excessive heatgain from direct sunlight

Shading and solar control issues

Quality and experience of light in time

12. Assessment Matters:Qualitative and Quantitative


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12. Assessment Matters:Qualitative and Quantitative

Ecotect: www.ecotect.com


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What Matters?: 12 Critical realms of influence1. Process matters: Break down barriers between design disciplines + beyond

2. Goals matter: Raise the bar: inspire change (Global warming; use; etc.)

3. Place matters: know the site and building metabolism (living design)

4. Passive matters: (daylight integrated with natural ventilation & passive heat

5. Modest matters: use less (use less and less; aspire for ZED)

6. Form matters: (then technology)

7. Color and materials matter: link color and concept

8. Envelope matters: Living skins - link three-dimensionally and in layers

9. Systems matter: Integrate innovative and renewabl;e systems andtechnologies

10. Flexibility matters: (design for adaptability and change)

11. Health matters: physical and psychological well-being

12. Assessment matters: qualitative and quantitative


How sense-luscious the world is. In the summer, we can be decoyed out of bed by

the sweet smell of the air soughing through our bedroom window. The sun playing

across the curtains gives them a moire effect, and they seem to shudder in light,

someone might hear the dawn sound of a cardinal....We need to return to feeling

the textures of life.

-- Diane Ackerman, A Natural History of the Senses

Mary GuzowskiAssociate [email protected]

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