Ecology part 1

1. What is the study of interactions between organisms

and the environment?

Ecology

2. Define biotic factor and give 2 examples.

– -Living (or once living) organisms– -trees/plants– -animals/humans

3.Define abiotic factor and give 2 examples.

• -nonliving parts of the environment

• -metal

• -plastic

4.What is the area an organism live in called?

• habitat

5.What is another word for “role” of an organism? Give 2 examples.

• -niche

• -food gathering

• -protection

6.Put the 6 levels of organization in order from smallest to largest and

define each.ecosystem Biome Biospherepopulationorganism

7.What 4 factors can affect an ecosystem?

• -climate change

• -human activity

• -change in population size

• -intro. Of nonnative species

8.What is the total sum of the variety of organisms in a

biosphere called?

• biodiversity

9.What 4 things can affect the previous answer?

• -alteration in habitat

• -hunting species to extinction

• -introducing poisons/toxins

• -introducing nonnative species

10.What is the # of various habitats, communities and

ecological process in the world?

• Ecosystem diversity

11.What is the definition of species diversity?

• The variety of species in an area

Woodland B

12. Define genetic diversity?

• The total sum of ALL of

the genes in the world

13. What are the 2 types of relationships between

organisms?• -Predator-Prey

• -Symbiosis

14. Which one is + for one organism but – because it

results in death?

• Predator-prey

15. Define symbiosis and list the 3 types.

• -close & permanent relationship between 2 organisms (no killing)

• -mutualism

• -commensalism

• -parasitism

16. What type of symbiosis is a win-win (++) relationship? Give

2 examples.• -mutualism

• -Egyptian bird & Nile crocodile

• -Bees & flowers

17. What type of symbiosis is beneficial for one organism, but doesn’t bother the other (+0)? Give 2 examples.

• -commensalism

• -Barnacles on a whale

• -clown fish and anemone

18. What type of symbiosis is harmful (not directly deadly) for one organism and beneficial for

the other (+-)? Give 2 examples.

• -parasitism

• -flea and dog

• -tapeworm in humans

19. What does an autotroph make?

• Its own food

20. What is another word for autotroph and basically who are

autotrophs?• -producer

• -plants

21. What is another word for consumer and where do they

get their food?• -heterotrophs

• -feeding on other organisms

22. Heterotrophs that eat:• Only plants- herbivores

• Only animals- carnivores

• Both animals and plants- omnivores

23. Animals that feed on dead animal bodies are known as

• scavengers or detritivores

• two examples are vultures and hyenas.

24. What are organisms that break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms? Give 2 and

examples.• -Decomposers

• -bacteria

• -fungi

25. What shows only one path of energy flow?

• Food chain

26. What shows ALL possible energy relationships?

• Food web

27. Why are food webs more informational than food chains?

• They represent nature better than food chains (several feeding relationships)

28. What is ALWAYS at the beginning of both food chains

and food webs?• Producers/autotrophs

29. What are the most vital parts of the food web?

• Producers and decomposers

30. What are the levels starting with primary?

• primary to secondary to tertiary

31. What are the steps called?

• Trophic level

32. What do arrows show? What don’t they show?

• -direction of energy flow

• -what an organism eats

33. What shows the amount of energy passed on in the food

chain? • Energy pyramid

34. Comparatively, is more energy stored in the organism or lost

as heat?• More is lost in heat

35. __% of energy is passed to the next level and __% is lost to heat and the environment.

• 10%

• 90%

36. If there is 100 grams of energy at the primary level,

approximately, how much is going to be available at the

secondary level?• 10grams

37. Where on the pyramid is the energy the MOST plentiful?

• Producer/bottom