ecology unit 2. flashcard warm-up biotic relating to, produced by, or caused by living organisms. my...
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Ecology
Unit 2
Flashcard Warm-up
Bioticrelating to,
produced by, or caused by living
organisms.
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My sentence:
Abioticnon-living chemical
and physical factors in the environment.
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Levels of the Biosphere
Biosphere: Area on earth where life exists
Biome: Areas of similar climate and vegetation
Ecosystem: System formed by the interaction between living and non-living factors in a given area.
Levels of Biosphere
Community: Interaction of biotic factors
Population: Group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same community/ecosystem
Niche: Total way of life
Includes = habitat, resource needs, symbiotic relationships,
Ticket out the Door1.Organize the following from smallest to
largestcommunity, biosphere, ecosystem, population, biome
2.What abiotic factors would a maple tree require?
3. What types of interactions would be observed in a community in the environment?
4. What is difference between a community and population?
Flashcard Warm-Up
Ecosystem an area that contains organisms (e.g., plants,
animals, bacteria) interacting with one
another and their non-living environment.
Ecosystems can be of any size (e.g., forest, meadow, and log).
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Producer An organism that obtains
its energy by using sunlight, CO2 and H20 to
synthesize
Carbohydrates (sugars)
Examples include: plants and algae
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Trophic Levels = Levels of Feeding
Producers: Produce food for themselves
Consumers: Must take in food Herbivores: primary
consumers (eat plants)
Omnivores: eat at many levels (plants and animals)
Secondary and Tertiary: may be carnivore (eats animals) or omnivore
Decomposers: break down wastes and dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil
Ecological Efficiency
10% rule: only 10%
of available energy
is passed to the
next trophic level
Plants (1000 cal)
Herbivores (100 cal)
Carnivores (10 cal)
Ticket out the Door1. What do the arrows represent in
a food web?
2.Where would the greatest available energy be found in a food web?
3.What happens to the energy in a food web as it moves from one trophic level to another trophic level?
4.What will happen to the rabbit population if the snakes are removed from the food web?
Use food web for question 4
Flashcard Warm-Up
Autotrophan organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and produce their own
food (ex. plants, algae);also known as producersMy picture:
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Heterotroph organisms that obtains energy from the food it
consumes; also known as a consumerMy picture:
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Biogeochemical Cycles
Water CycleEnters through
precipitation or infiltration
Exits through evaporation or transpiration
Biogeochemical Cycles
Carbon CyclePowered by
respiration and photosynthesis
Humans influence by burning fossil fuels
Biogeochemical Cycles
The Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria are
responsible for converting nitrogen gas to usable forms
Importance of Nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen is essential for living organisms so they can build proteins
Ticket out the door
1.What two processes drive the carbon cycle?
2.What role do animals play in the carbon cycle?
3.What role do plants play in the carbon cycle?
4.What type of impact do humans have on the carbon cycle?
Flashcard Warm-up
PhotosynthesisA process used by plants to make their own food. It
uses energy from the sun, CO2, and H20. Photosynthesis and respiration power the carbon cycle. (Rewrite the definition of respiration here:
from unit 1)
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Biotic Relationships
Competition: A struggle for resources among organisms
Predator/Prey: Predator feeds upon another organism, Prey is organism being feed upon
Competition in animals
Competition in plants
Biotic Relationships
Symbiosis: Living together in a permanent relationshipMutualism: (+,+)
both organisms benefit
Biotic Relationships
Commensalism: (+,0) one organism benefits and the other not benefitted or harmed
Parasitism: (+, -) one organism benefits and the other is harmed
Population Growth
Limiting factor: Controls population; Ex: Food, space, water
Carrying Capacity: The number of individuals an environment can support
Population Growth
J-curve: Period of “exponential” growth
S-curve: Population growth stabilizes as carrying capacity is reached
Ticket out the Door1.A friend of yours is always cheating off of your
paper and you get caught and punished but your friend gets an A. What type of symbiotic relationship could this represent?
2.What factors keep a population at carryingcapacity?
3.What would the graph look like if a populationhad a unlimited supply of resources?
4.How can a predator-prey relationship help maintain carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
Flashcard Warm-up
Symbiosis(Read pg. 93 in the Bio textbook. Give
a definition of symbiosis and the three classes of relationships.)
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Technology
GPS: Global Positioning SystemGIS: Geographic
Information Systems – to store, manage, and integrate data
Mark/Recapture: Animals captured, tagged, released, and then recaptured
Use of GIS: Bird banding for mark/recapture
Technology
Quadrant Analysis: A small section of a large area that reduces the space that a scientist must analyze
Water/Soil Analysis:
sampling techniques to determine chemical or physical properties
Ticket out the Door
1.Give an example when a quadrant analysis would be a useful technique to use?
2.Give an example when mark and recapture would be useful?
3. Why would take water samples be important?