New Approaches to Old Models in

Economic Geography

Rick Gindele, Cherry Creek HS

Top Challenges for AP Human Geography

Teachers

critique of models

economic location theory

economic development strategies

Economic Geography Models

von Thunen

Bid-Rent

Weber

Christaller

Burgess?

Hoyt?

Why do so many teachers struggle

with these concepts?

Common QuestionsWhere is economic geography in the AP course

outline?

Where do these models fit in the course outline?

Why study models?

How do these models work in reality?

Are these models outdated?

How are these theories, concepts, and models related?

Which models/concepts

are least represented in

the major textbooks?

Land Use Theory&

Bid-Rent Theory

Rubenstein James.The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography, 11th Edition,

Pearson, 2014.

????

Fouberg,Erin, H., Alexander B. Murphy, & H.J. de Blij. Human

Geography: People,Place, and Culture,

10th Edition. Wiley & Sons, 2012.

????

Knox, Paul, L., & Sallie A. Marston.

Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context, 5th Edition. Pearson,

2010.

Text

Fellmann, Jerome, D., Mark D. Bjelland, Arthur Getis, & Judith Getis,

Human Geography: Landscapes of Human Activities,

11th Edition. McGraw Hill, 2010.

Text

Where is bid-rent in the AP course

outline?

Text

When has bid-rent been on the AP test?

Text

2007

Text

Text

How deep is your

background knowledge for the numerous topics in the

AP course outline?

Land Use Theory &

Bid-Rent Theory1975

1976

Text

Chapter 13, Urbanization Urbanization as a Spatial Process Accessibility within Cities The Geometry of Land Values, 337-341, w/5 diagrams1 Land Use Mosaics, Chicago Style Population Density Patterns

Chapter 14, City Chains and Hierarchies A Rule for the Size Distribution of Settlements, 356-362 The Christaller Central Place Model, 362-380

Chapter 15, Worlds Beyond the City, 1: Agricultural Zone and Industrial Centers Thunen and Land Use Zoning, 383-392 Weber and Industrial Location, 392-399

Chapter 2, Land Use Theory Classic Theory of Rural Land Use, 13-39 (Von Thunen) Urban Land Use, 32-37 (bid-rent)

Chapter 3, Spatial Patterns of Land Use Rural Land Use Urban Land Use

Chapter 4, Industrial Location Theory Least Cost Theory, 88-98 (Weber)

Economic GeographyHow is land allocated among

the many human activities competing for it?

Is there any predictable/logical pattern that emerges due to this competition?

Land Use Theory

limited supply of land

competition for control of particular parcels

rural land use theory (19th century)

urban land use theory (20th century)

both are closely related

challenges the same, but urban is vastly more complicated

Evolution of Land Use Theory

What determines how land is used?

Rural - what type of primary activities is land used for?

Urban - commercial, residential, transportation, wholesaling, retail, warehousing, manufacturing, recreation, etc......

Suburban?

How much land is available/needed for a

particular use?

Economic Space of Land

Quality - site characteristics

Location - its utility in relationship to other activities

Functional Accessibility of Land

Measured in terms of cost, time, and effort to reach a given spot.

Functional accessibility is subject

to change!transportation innovations

population growth (traffic congestion)

government policies

culture?

Economic location varies in importance with the type of

activity.

Location of Private Golf Courses

Sometimes quality and location are at odds with each other.

Central Valley of California

extensive - large quantities of land are required relative to labor and capital expenses

intensive - little land is used with increased costs for labor and capital expenses

Extensive vs. Intensive

Bid-Rent TheoryThe price and demand for land changes with distance from the CBD.

Different land uses will compete for desirable pieces of property in order to maximize profits.

Accessibility increases the potential for more customers.

There is a trade-off between accessibility and cost of land.

ties together rural and urban land use principles

Bid-Rent Theory

Bid-Rent Curves for Banks & Golf Courses

Bid-Rent Curves withSecondary Centers &

Arterials

Highlands Ranch, CO

Highest & Best Use!

Sources:Conklin, Edgar, J., & Maurice Yeates. Man’s Economic Environment. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1976. Print.

Haggett, Peter. Geography: A Modern Synthesis, 2nd Edition. London, UK. Harper & Row, 1975. Print.

Intellectual Modeling?connectivity

accessibility

networks

site & situation

time-space compression

distance decay

mobility

intervening obstacles & opportunities

changing employment mix

changing attitudes

Government policies

technological innovations

population dynamics