economical realism avril styrman. economically empiricist realism in axiomatic ontology
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Economical Realism
Avril Styrman
![Page 2: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology
![Page 3: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Economical Realism
![Page 4: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Role of Economy in Ontology?
![Page 5: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Economy
• Prune out the unnecessary part of metaphysics from science
![Page 6: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Economy
• Prune out the unnecessary part of metaphysics from science
• Sustain the necessary part of metaphysics: only those interpretations are required which exist in any case, even if their existence is denied
![Page 7: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Economy
• Prune out the unnecessary part of metaphysics from science
• Sustain the necessary part of metaphysics: only those interpretations are required which exist in any case, even if their existence is denied
• Pruning out the unnecessary metaphysics and identifying the necessary metaphysics has the possibility to accelerate the progress of science
![Page 8: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Economy
• What happens if an interpretation exists but its existence is denied?
![Page 9: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Economy
• What happens if an interpretation exists but its existence is denied?
• The result is uncriticized metaphysics that runs loose
![Page 10: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Economy
• “Find a scientific man who proposes to get along without any metaphysics... and you have found one whose doctrines are thoroughly vitiated by the crude and uncriticized metaphysics with which they are packed… Every man of us has a metaphysics, and has to have one; and it will influence his life greatly. Far better, then, that that metaphysics should be criticized and not be allowed to run loose.” Charles Sanders Peirce, Collected Works of Charles Sanders Peirce 1.129
![Page 11: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Economy
• Theories/interpretations A and B explain exactly the same thing
![Page 12: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Economy
• Theories/interpretations A and B explain exactly the same thing
• What is the measure of fitness between A and B?
![Page 13: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Economy
• Theories/interpretations A and B explain exactly the same thing
• What is the measure of fitness between A and B?
• The simplest interpretation is the best
![Page 14: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Economy
• Theories/interpretations A and B explain exactly the same thing
• What is the measure of fitness between A and B?
• The simplest interpretation is the best• Economy might be the only available objective
judge, but only when A and B explain exactly the same thing
![Page 15: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Economy
• The importance of economy should not be underestimated, because there exists a jungle of interpretations in science, that effectively muddifies science
![Page 16: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Realism
![Page 17: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Realism
• Economy/simplicity can be achieved by identifying the anti-realist interpretations in science, and pruning them out as uneconomical alternatives compared to the realist interpretations
![Page 18: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Realism
• Economy/simplicity can be achieved by identifying the anti-realist interpretations in science, and pruning them out as uneconomical alternatives compared to the realist interpretations
• Two main alternatives are the two competing groups of interrelated interpretations: realism and solipsism
![Page 19: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Realism
• Example 1: economy judging between the generic forms of ontological realism and solipsism
![Page 20: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Realism
• Example 1: economy judging between the generic forms of ontological realism and solipsism
• Example 2: economy judging between a realist interpretation and a solipsist intepretation in physics
![Page 21: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ontological Realism
![Page 22: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ontological Realism
![Page 23: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Solipsism
![Page 24: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Solipsism
![Page 25: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Solipsism
![Page 26: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Realism or Solipsism?
The solipsist must in any case postulate a dichotomy that is operationally identical to ontological realism
![Page 27: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Realism or Solipsism?
Economy favours realism because solipsism is bothered with an unnecessary appendix: the universal mind
![Page 28: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Realism or Solipsism?
• Is ecomomy a big deal? Why fuzz over it?
![Page 29: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Realism or Solipsism?
• Is ecomomy a big deal? Why fuzz over it?• Because the lack of economy is disastrous
![Page 30: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Realism or Solipsism?
• Is ecomomy a big deal? Why fuzz over it?• Because the lack of economy is disastrous• “Accept one difficulty and the rest follows —a
simple enough proceeding” Aristotle, Physics, bk.1, ch.2, 185a11-12
![Page 31: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Realism or Solipsism?
• Is ecomomy a big deal? Why fuzz over it?• Because the lack of economy is disastrous• “Accept one difficulty and the rest follows —a
simple enough proceeding” Aristotle, Physics, bk.1, ch.2, 185a11-12
• “…far happier they than such as wallow helplessly in a rich mud of conceptions” Charles Sanders Peirce, How to Make Our Ideas Clear, 1878
![Page 32: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Realism vs. Solipsism in Physics
![Page 33: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Realism vs. Solipsism in Physics
• An example where the measurement results can be given a realist and a solipsist interpretation
![Page 34: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Locality and Nonlocality
• What is the velocity of causal influences between spatially separated particulars?
![Page 35: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Locality and Nonlocality
• What is the velocity of causal influences between spatially separated particulars?
Earth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Alpha Centauri
![Page 36: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Locality and Nonlocality
• What is the velocity of causal influences between spatially separated particulars?
Earth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Alpha Centauri
The speed of light: local Universe
![Page 37: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Locality and Nonlocality
• What is the velocity of causal influences between spatially separated particulars?
Earth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Alpha Centauri
The speed of light: local UniverseFaster than light: nonlocal Universe
![Page 38: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Locality and Nonlocality
• What is the velocity of causal influences between spatially separated particulars?
Earth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Alpha Centauri
The speed of light: local UniverseFaster than light: nonlocal UniverseInstantaneous: nonlocal Universe
![Page 39: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Nonlocality Tests
![Page 40: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Nonlocality Tests
– J.A.W. van Houwelingen N. Gisin D. Salart, A. Baas and H. Zbinden. Spacelike separation in a Bell test assuming gravitationally induced collapses. Physical Review Letters, 100, 2008.
– P. Grangier A. Aspect and G. Roger. Experimental tests of local realistic theories via Bell’s theorem. Physical Review Letters, 47: 460–463, 1981.
– P. Grangier A. Aspect and G. Roger. Experimental realisation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm gedankenexperiment: a new violation of Bell’s inequalities. Physical Review Letters, 49: 91–94, 1982.
![Page 41: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Nonlocality Tests
• Particles a and b are in a singlet state in the source.
![Page 42: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Nonlocality Tests
• Particles a and b are in a singlet state in the source.
• The source is manipulated and the particles start moving towards opposite directions
![Page 43: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Nonlocality Tests
• Particles a and b both can be measured to have some spin values: spin-up xor spin-down
![Page 44: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Nonlocality Tests
• The spins of a and b are correlated: when the spin of a is measured to be spin-up, the spin of b is measured to spin-down, and vice versa:a-up & b-downa-down & b-up
![Page 45: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Nonlocality Tests
• The spins of a and b are correlated: when the spin of a is measured to be spin-up, the spin of b is measured to spin-down, and vice versa:a-up & b-down a-up b-downa-down & b-up b-up -down
![Page 46: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Nonlocality Tests
• The spins of a and b are correlated: when the spin of a is measured to be spin-up, the spin of b is measured to spin-down, and vice versa:a-up & b-down no b-up & a-up a-down & b-up no a-down & b-down
![Page 47: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Nonlocality Tests
• How should the correlation be interpreted?
![Page 48: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Nonlocality Tests
• How should the correlation be interpreted?• The realist and the solipsist interpretations
![Page 49: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The Realist Interpretation
• The spins of a and b are correlated and there is nothing more into it
![Page 50: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The Realist Interpretation
• The spins of a and b are correlated and there is nothing more into it
• They are measured to be correlated because they have been correlated all along, in the singlet state and after
![Page 51: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
The Realist Interpretation
• The spins of a and b are correlated and there is nothing more into it
• They are measured to be correlated because they have been correlated all along, in the singlet state and after
• No superluminal influence is required, and thus locality is not threatened
![Page 52: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
![Page 53: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• So awkward to a realist that it is hard to understand
![Page 54: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• So awkward to a realist that it is hard to understand
• Do not get surprised: it is solipsism!
![Page 55: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• So awkward to a realist that it is hard to understand
• Do not get surprised: it is solipsism!• Still strongly present in physics
![Page 56: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• a and b do not have definite states at all before the measurement
![Page 57: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• a and b do not have definite states at all before the measurement
• The measurement itself determines the states of a and b
![Page 58: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• a and b do not have definite states at all before the measurement
• The measurement itself determines the states of a and b
• They are in definite states only after the measurement
![Page 59: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• Before the measurement a and b are in a superposition:
<b-up&a-down | a-up&b-down>
![Page 60: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• Before the measurement a and b are in a superposition:
<b-up&a-down | a-up&b-down>
• The superposition contains both possibilities
![Page 61: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• Before the measurement a and b are in a superposition:
<b-up&a-down | a-up&b-down>
• The superposition contains both possibilities• After the measurement they are either in the
state b-up&a-down xor in a-up&b-down, but no longer in a superposition
![Page 62: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• Because the measurement of a determines the state of b faster than light travels between a and b, superluminal or instantaneous influences are required. If you believe in the superposition idea, then nonlocality is the conclusion.
Earth a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b Alpha Centauri
![Page 63: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• Superluminal and/or instantaneous influences are compatible with monism: all is together in some sense
Earth a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b Alpha Centauri ab
![Page 64: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Speculation
• “The particles communicate faster than light.” Tim Maudlin. Quantum Non-Locality and Relativity. Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2002, p2.
• “A pair of photons created together in the entangled state and allowed to separate remain, no matter how great the separation, causally connected to one another.” Ibid., p162.
• “Two particles, having interacted in the past, form an inseparable whole, even if at present they are far apart.” Giuliano Toraldo Di Francia. A world of individual objects? In Elena Castellani (ed.), Interpreting Bodies: Classical and Quantum Objects in Modern Physics. Princeton University Press, p21–29, 1988, p28.
![Page 65: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Speculation
• “When a sparrow falls in Yougoslavia it has effects in the New Brunswick and on Saturn and in the most distant galaxy. Tim Maudlin. Quantum Non-Locality and Relativity. Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2002, p22.
• “Since any particle has certainly interacted with other particles in the past, the world turns out to be nonseparable into individual and independent objects.” Giuliano Toraldo Di Francia. A world of individual objects? In Elena Castellani (ed.), Interpreting Bodies: Classical and Quantum Objects in Modern Physics. Princeton University Press, p21–29, 1988, p28.
![Page 66: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Speculation
• The idea of the superposition is troubled also by the Schrödinger’s cat paradox: nothing has properties unless these properties are percieved by a conscious agent
![Page 67: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Speculation
• The idea of the superposition is troubled also by the Schrödinger’s cat paradox: nothing has properties unless these properties are percieved by a conscious agent
• This is very near to solipsism, and against ontological realism where properties are mind-independent
![Page 68: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Speculation
• The idea of the superposition is troubled also by the Schrödinger’s cat paradox: nothing has properties unless these properties are percieved by a conscious agent
• The Schrödinger’s cat paradox can be resolved with other interpretations such as with the many minds/worlds interpretation, where every perception makes the Universe branch based on the superposition <dead | alive>
![Page 69: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• Might sound funny but these interpretations are out there
![Page 70: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• Extreme empiricism is taken as a starting point: only that what is measured is scientific
![Page 71: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• Extreme empiricism is taken as a starting point: only that what is measured is scientific
• The importance of the measurement is over-propagated into unmeasurable conclusions : superluminal influences and the many-worlds interpretation
![Page 72: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• Extreme empiricism is taken as a starting point: only that what is measured is scientific
• The importance of the measurement is over-propagated into unmeasurable conclusions : superluminal influences and the many-worlds interpretation
• The unmeasurable conclusions are against the original postulate of extreme empiricism
![Page 73: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
The Solipsist Interpretation
• Extreme empiricism is taken as a starting point: only that what is measured is scientific
• The importance of the measurement is over-propagated into unmeasurable conclusions : superluminal influences and the many-worlds interpretation
• The unmeasurable conclusions are against the original postulate of extreme empiricism
• This is unnoticed because metaphysics is denied to exist by the extreme empiricist
![Page 74: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Solipsism or Realism?
• Which one should we choose, the realist or the solipsist intepretation? The case is unmeasurable.
![Page 75: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Solipsism or Realism?
• Which one should we choose, the realist or the solipsist intepretation? The case is unmeasurable.
• Economy favours the realist interpretation: it is a simpler explanation of the measurement results
![Page 76: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Solipsism or Realism?
• Which one should we choose, the realist or the solipsist intepretation? The case is unmeasurable.
• Economy favours the realist interpretation: it is a simpler explanation of the measurement results
• Solipsism unnecessarily and effectively muddifies the wells of discourse
![Page 77: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Conclusions
• Economical realism is a good way to go. It makes the total science a tighter package than earlier. Accept the necessary part of metaphysics and let economy be the judge.
![Page 78: Economical Realism Avril Styrman. Economically Empiricist Realism in Axiomatic Ontology](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649c9b5503460f94958b81/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Conclusions
• Economical realism is a good way to go. It makes the total science a tighter package than earlier. Accept the necessary part of metaphysics and let economy be the judge.
• A case where the utility of philosophy can be easily explained