ecosystem structure fy lecture
TRANSCRIPT
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Ecosystem
F.Y. B.Sc. Botany
12 February, 2013
F.Y. B.Sc. Botany Ecosystem Structure 12 Feb 13
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What is Ecosystem ?
Clarke 1954 :
The organism and the physical features of
the habitat form an ecological complex or
more briefly and Ecosystem
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What is Ecosystem ?
E.P. Odum:
The ecosystem is the basic functional unit
of organisms and their environment
interacting with each other and with theirown components
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Defined area in which a community lives with
interactions taking place among the organismsbetween the community and its non-livingphysical environment.
An ecosystem is formed by the interactionsbetween all living and non-living things
All the ecosystems of the earth are connectedto one another
A complete self sufficient ecosystem is rarelyfound in nature
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Structure of Ecosystem
The structure of an ecosystem is basically a
description of the organisms and physical
features of environment including the
amount of and distribution of nutrients in a
particular habitat
It also provided the range of climatic
conditions prevailing in the area
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Structure of Ecosystem
All the ecosystems consists of two basic
componets:
1. Abiotic Components
2. Biotic Components
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Abiotic components
Solar energy provides practically all the energy forecosystems.
Inorganic substances, e.g., sulfur, boron, tend to cycle
through ecosystems. Organic compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates,
lipids, and other complex molecules, form a linkbetween biotic and abiotic components of the system.
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Light
Quality of light (wavelength or colour):
Light intensity ("strength" of light)
Day length (length of the light period):
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Temperature
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Water
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Atmospheric gases.
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Wind
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Physiographic factors
These factors are those associated
with the physical nature of the area,
such as altitude, slope of land andthe position of the area in relation
to the sun or rain-bearing winds.
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What are Biotic Factors?
Biotic factors are the living organisms in an
ecosystem
They live in Communities (many different
populations) of varied Populations (groups
of interbreeding organisms)
Each organism has a role or NICHE and is
usually participating in a relationship of
some kindF.Y. B.Sc. Botany Ecosystem Structure 12 Feb 13
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Biotic Factors"
Depending on how the living organisms in an
ecosystem obtain, store and utilize release
energy, they are categorized into :
(a) Producers
(b) (b) consumers
(c) decomposers or detritivores.
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Autotrophs Autotrophs (=self-nourishing) are
called primary producers.
Photoautotrophs fix energy from thesun and store it in complex organiccompounds
(= green plants, algae, some bacteria)
photoautotrophs
simple
inorganic
compounds
complex
organic
compounds
light
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Chemoautotrophs (chemosynthesizers) are
bacteria
that oxidize reduced inorganic substances
(typically sulfur and ammonia
compounds)
and produce complex organic compounds.
chemoautotrophs
reduced
inorganic
compounds
complex
organic
compounds
oxygen
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Heterotrophs Heterotrophs (=other-nourishing)
cannot produce their own food
directly from sunlight+ inorganic
compounds. They require energy
previously stored in complexmolecules.
heterotrophssimple
inorganic
compounds
complex
organic
compounds
(this may include several steps, with
several different types of organisms)
heat
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Heterotrophs can be grouped as:
consumers
decomposers
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Consumers feed on organisms or particulate organic
matter.
Decomposers utilize complex compounds in dead
protoplasm.
Bacteria and fungi are the main groups ofdecomposers.
Bacteria are the main feeders on animal material.
Fungi feed primarily on plants, although bacteria alsoare important in some plant decomposition processes.
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F Y B Sc Botany Ecosystem Structure 12 Feb 13