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ALAM/Post Sea/ECSU/Function 4/Controlling Operation of Ship & care for persons (NASC) 1

DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS

FUNCTION 4 CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF THE SHIP AND CARE

FOR PERSONS ON BOARD AT THE MANAGEMENT LEVEL

Name of Course : Combined Chief and Second Engineer 3000 kW or more

Unlimited Voyage

Course Code : ECSU

Subject : Controlling the Operation of the Ship and Care for Persons

on board (NASC)

Instructional HoursLecture : 75 hoursPractical : 0 hours

Tutorials : 25 hours

Total Contact Hours : 100 hours

Self Learning : 70 hours

Total Hours : 170 hours

Entry Requirements : Watchkeeping Engineer 750 kW or more

Subject Aims

The module provides an understanding of the principles that maintain the stability of ocean going

ships under various conditions of cargo loading and seaway.

The module also provides an understanding of the design and constructional aspects of ships

with reference to effective maintenance and environment protection.

Teaching Methods

The course shall be conducted in a combination of classroom lectures and self-learning.




Assessment Methods

Lecturers’ Class Assessments : 50%

Final Exam : 50%

Recommended Texts

1. E.C. Tupper (2004) Introduction to Naval Architecture, Butterworth Heinemann, ISBN:0-7506-6554-8.

2. E.A. Stokoe (2003) Reed’s Naval Architecture for Marine Engineer. Reed’s Marine

Engineering Series

3. D.J. Eyres (2001) .Ship Construction 5th. Edition. Butterworth-Heinemann




Table of Specifications

Topics Weightage %

Total K U A I

A Ship Types and Terms 0 2 0 0 2

B Stresses in Ship Structures 0 1 1 0 2

C Ship Construction 0 10 10 0 20

D Ship Dynamics 0 1 1 0 2

E Hydrostatics 0 2 1 0 3

F Displacement, TPC, Coefficients of Form 1 1 1 0 3

GAreas and Volumes of ship shapes, 1

st and

2nd

M0 6 2 2 10

H Centers of Gravity 0 2 1 0 3

I Transverse Stability 0 4 3 0 7

J Trim 0 2 2 0 4

KStability during dry-docking and stability

during grounding0 2 0 0 2

L Resistance and Fuel Consumption 0 3 2 0 5

M Propeller and Power 0 3 2 0 5

N Rudders 0 1 1 0 2

OEffect of flooding on transverse stability

and trim0 3 2 0 5

P Countermeasures to be taken 0 1 1 0 2




QIMO recommendations concerning ship

stability0 2 1 0 3

R Methods and Aids to prevent pollution ofthe environment y ships

0 14 1 0 15

S Fire-fighting equipment 0 2 1 0 3

T Life saving appliances 0 2 0 0 2

Total 1 64 33 2 100

Note 1:

The Letters K, U, A, and I in the table of specifications denote the Knowledge, Understanding

(Comprehension), Application and Integration (Higher than Application) levels of Bloom's

taxonomy in the cognitive domain.

Note 2:

In the following detailed syllabus, all objectives should be understood to be prefixed by the

words "At the end of the lecture, the learner should be able to .." In the second column,

L: P: T: SL denotes the number of instructional hours devoted to lectures, practicals, tutorials

and self learning respectively.




Learning Objectives L: P: T: SL

A.

Ship Types and Terms

1.0 General Learning Objective:

Understand the fundamental principles of ship types and the terms

used with relations to the ship tonnage and load line rules

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.1.1) 1.1 Explain about the various ship types: passenger ships, cargo liners, oil

tankers, bulk carriers, container ships, roll-on/roll-off vessels, liquefied

gas carriers, chemical carriers.

1.2

Describe the terms used in the measurement of ships: after perpendicular, forward perpendicular, length overall, length between

perpendiculars, breadth extreme, breadth moulded, depth extreme,

depth moulded, draught extreme, draught moulded, freeboard, camber,sheer, rise of floor, bilge radius, tumble home, flare, stem rake, keel

rake, entrance, run, displacement, lightweight, deadweight.

1.3 Explain the tonnage rules.1.4 Explain the load line rules.

2 : 0 : 0: 2

B. Stresses in Ship Structures


Understand the terms used in describing the stresses subjected to

various parts of ship structures, including when ship subjected to dry-docking and grounding

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.1.2) 2.1 Describe the terms used to describe stresses in ship structures:

longitudinal bending, still water bending, load diagram, shear force

diagram, bending moment diagram, hogging, sagging, wave bending,

and transverse bending.2.2 Explain the effect of stresses on ships’ structures while at dry-dock,

floating dock and grounding.

2.3 Explain the condition of pounding and panting, while the ship sails at

sea.

4 : 0 : 0: 2




C. Ship Construction


Understand the terms used in describing the various parts andcomponents of a ship and how these could help in the overall ship’sstrength in encountering the external forces

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.1.3)

3.1 Explain the terms used to describe structural members: keel, bilge keel,duct keel, bottom plating, double bottom, tank top, girder, centre

girder, side girder, floor, side frame, shell plating, deck plating,

flanges, margin plate, longitudinal, intercostals, stiffener, web frame,

bulkhead, collision bulkhead, panting stringer, stringer, pillars,garboard strake, sheer strake.

3.2

Describe the construction of the double bottom tanks.3.3 Explain the safety features for duct keels used for ship.3.4 Discuss on the construction details of the forward and after peak

structures.

3.5 Describe in detail the anchor cable termination.3.6 Explain the different types of framing system on ships which include

longitudinal, transverse and combined types of frame.

3.7 Explain the various types and functions of decks.

3.8 Explain the various types and functions of ship’s hatch covers.3.9 Explain the function of bulwarks.

3.10 Explain the function of deep frames.

3.11

Explain the design consideration for discontinuities in the vesselstructure.

3.12 Describe the roles and function of bilge keel and its consideration to

stabilize the ship when encountering rough sea.

3.13 Describe the purpose of having strakes for the hull of the ship.3.14 Explain the purpose of having fittings fixed through the hull.

3.15 Discuss how the Engine, deck machinery and stabilizer being

supported and strength in order to overcome the vibration issues.3.16 Identify the location of the bulkheads and its effect towards floodable

length.

3.17 Explain how the positioning of it is important.

3.18

Explain how well is it constructed.3.19 Comprehend the effect of the bulkhead integrity when it is pierced

during normal operation. Maintenance work necessary to ensure its

strength not compromise.3.20 Identify the rudder and its support arrangements.

3.21 Describe the stern frame and its structure.

3.22 Design criteria for specialized ships and how it supports the ship’s

24: 0: 0: 6




structure and stability.3.23 Discuss structural make-up of the bulkhead and accommodation doors

and its ability for fire protection.

3.24 Comprehend the ship’s general arrangement drawing and identify

safety equipments and gadgets installed at various parts of the ship.3.25 Explain the shell expansion and its relations with regards to ship

construction, and to know the actual amount of steel required.3.26 Prepare deck plan for a ship when loaded and ballast.

3.27 Create a mid-ship section drawing of a vessel and understand the

stresses subjected to it while at still and wave bending forces.

D. Ship Dynamics


Understand the ship dynamics and its relation to ship motions andways to improve it and creating a vibration-free ship

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02,2011: F4/ 4.1.1.4)4.1 Determine the effect of ship motions due to the following forces which

resulted in: Rolling – period of roll and isochronous rolling Pitching

Heaving

4.2 Determine how the attachment of bilge keels help to improve ship’s

stability and reduce the effect of rolling.

4.3

Identify where fin stabilizers are placed on the ship’s hull and describeits function in providing stability to the ship as travel through the

ocean.4.4 Discuss how the passive and active anti-roll tanks works in order to

dampen ship’s motion and kept the ship in a stable condition.

4.5 Explain the sources of vibration on a ship and how it can beeliminated, to provide a vibration free ship.

2 : 0 : 0: 2

E. Hydrostatics


Understand the hydrostatics forces acting on a ship or any other

floating bodies


5.1 Explain density of liquids and how it provides thrust and buoyancy toship.

3 : 0 : 0: 3




5.2 Describe how different water relative density could affect ship’sstability.

5.3 Explain the different types of liquids at varying depth exerting pressure

on floating objects and ships.

5.4

Explain the load acting on an immersed plane.5.5 Identify location of centre of pressure acting floating bodies.

5.6 Explain load diagram acting on ship’s floating on water. 5.7 Identify the shearing force acting on bulkhead stiffeners

F. Displacement, TPC & Coefficients of Form


Understand the hydrostatics forces acting on a ship or any other

floating bodies.

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.1.6) 6.1 Discuss on Archimedes' principle and its relationship with buoyancy,

displacement and up-thrust.

6.2 Discuss ship’s displacement during light-ship as well as when ship isfully loaded and during ballast condition.

6.3 Explain on Tonne Per Centimetre immersion (TPC) of a ship.

6.4 Explain how block coefficient effect the ship’s displacement.

6.5 Explain how prismatic coefficient will affect ship’s maneuverability.6.6 Explain how midship coefficient affects the jumbo sizing the ship.

6.7

Explain how water plane area coefficient will affect ship’s motion. 6.8 Explain the wetted surface area in relation to the draft of the ship.6.9 Explain about similar figures between ship shape and its model in

justifying stability, motion and propulsion resistance.

6.10 Explain the influence of hull form on coefficients with relation tocarrying capacity or volume achievable in relation to the ship’s speed.

2 : 0 : 4: 3

G. Areas and Volumes of Ship Shapes, First and Second Moments


Understand the ship shapes in identifying the areas and volumes ofcargo spaces and its relationship with calculating using First and

Second Moments in order to find the vertical centre of buoyancy and

longitudinal centre of buoyancy of the ship


7.1 Explain how Simpson's 1st and 2nd Rules may be used to find areas

6 : 0 : 4: 5




and volumes of ship shapes, hulls and tanks7.2 Utilize the application of Simpson's rules to calculate areas and

volumes of ship’s water plane areas, hulls and tanks.

7.3 Calculate the common areas such as water planes, sections and

bulkheads.7.4 Explain the immersed volume of hull by sections and water planes.

7.5 Explain the Simpson's 1st and 2nd Rules for 1st moments and infinding centroids.

7.6 Utilize the application of Simpson's Rules to find centroids of

homogeneous objects.

7.7 Calculate to find the centroids of common areas such as, water planes,sections and bulkheads.

7.8 Calculate the Vertical Centre of Buoyancy, VCB; Longitudinal Centre

of Buoyancy, LCB of the ship.

7.9 Explain the Simpson's 1st and 2nd Rules for 2nd moments of area.

7.10

Utilize the application of Simpson's Rules to find 2nd moments ofarea.

7.11 Calculate to find Transverse moment of inertia, IT; Longitudinalmoment of inertia, IL of the homogenous ship shape or floating objects.

H. Centers of Gravity


Understand the effect of shifting, loading, removal or transfer of

masses and its effect on ship’s longitudinal and vertical centre of

gravity

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.1.8) 8.1 Explain the longitudinal centre of gravity of a ship.

8.2 Explain the vertical centre of gravity of a ship which could either be

stable, unstable or neutral.8.3 Describe the shift in centre of gravity of the ship due to the addition,

removal or transfer of masses.

8.4 Describe the effect of a suspended mass when loading or unloading

cargoes.

2 : 0 : 2: 3

I.

Transverse Stability


Understand the factors that affect transverse stability of a ship 5 : 0 : 3: 7




Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.1.9) 9.1 Explain how vertical centre of buoyancy could be achieved.

9.2 Use hydrostatic tables in order to understand the condition of the ships

tank capacity.

9.3

Identify the transverse metacentric height, GM of a ship. Explainwhether it is classified as stiff or tender if GM is positive.

9.4 Sketch a midship cross-section of a ship inclined to a small angle,showing the position of G, B and righting lever, GZ.

9.5 Determine how the righting lever is calculated to determine ship’s

stability at small angles of heel.

9.6 Explain the metacentric diagram of a ship.9.7 Explain how using an inclining experiment of a geosim model, the

centre of ship’s centre of gravity could be achieved.

9.8 Explain how the free surface effect could endanger ship’s stability

9.9 Explain the effect of ship’s stability at large angles of heel.

9.10

Determine the cross curves of stability, using KN Tables to makecorrections before deriving the final GM of the vessel.

9.11 Using curve of static stability to determine the condition of the ship.9.12 Explain dynamical stability in a vessel which [provide an upsetting

moments vary as the ship heels with an initial negative GM.

9.13 Discuss the ship’s stability at varying small angles of loll, and how

ship’s list can be improved by securing all moving items on the shipwhile encountering rough seas.

J. Trim


Understand the principle of trim and its effect on draughts

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.1.10) 10.1 Explain the centre of flotation

10.2 Explain the mean draught.10.3 Demonstrate where the longitudinal metacentre (ML) a ship.

10.4 Explain the change in draughts due to added masses.

10.5 Explain the Moment to Change Trim 1 centimeter.

10.6 Explain the change in draughts due to a change in density.10.7 Explain the change in trim due to change in density.

3 : 0 : 3: 4

K. Stability during Dry-docking and stability during grounding


Understand the principle of trim and its effect on draughts whiledocking the vessel or grounding situations

2 : 0 : 1: 3




Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.1.11) 11.1 Explain the procedures for dry-docking, the forces acting on the ship to

ensure stability when docking.

11.2

Explain the procedures for dry-docking, the forces acting on the ship toensure stability on grounding.

L. Resistance and Fuel Consumption


Understand the principle of resistance on the vessel’s hull and its effect

on fuel consumption and power

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.1.12) 12.1 Explain what is meant by frictional resistance of a ship.

12.2 Explain Reynolds’ number.

12.3 Describe the components of residuary resistance.12.4 Use Froude’s number to determine the residuary resistance of similar

ships.

12.5 Explain why speed length ratio is used to determine whether the ship isslow or fast.

12.6 Determine how to get effective power of the vessel once total

resistance and speed data can be calculated.

12.7 Explain what Admiralty coefficient is.

12.8

Explain about the relationship between fuel coefficient and fuelconsumption.

3 : 0 : 3: 3

M. Propellers and Power


Understand the principle of propellers and the various power involved

in propelling ships


13.1

Explain the terms used in the calculation of propulsion coefficients:diameter, pitch, pitch ratio, theoretical speed, apparent slip, wake

fraction, real slip, projected area, developed area, blade area ratio, anddisc area ratio.

13.2 Explain the terms used in the calculation of power factors: thrust power,

shaft power, delivered power, thrust deduction factor, effective power,and quasi-propulsive coefficient.

3 : 0 : 3: 3




13.3 Discuss the measurement of pitch.13.4 Discuss how cavitation occurs on propeller.

13.5 Describe about ship trials – speed measurements

N. Rudders


Understand the principle forces on the rudder and its functioning

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.1.13)14.1 Explain the following with respect to conventional rudders:

14.1.1 Force on a rudder.

14.1.2 Torque on a rudder stock.

14.1.3

Angle of heel due to force on rudder.14.1.4 Angle of heel when turning.

2 : 0 : 2: 2

O. Effect of flooding on transverse stability and trim


Understand the effects on trim and stability of the vessel in the eventof hull damage and flooding of compartments

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.2) 15.1 Describe the effects of flooding on transverse stability and trim for the

following conditions:

15.1.1 Grounding, damage and bilging.

15.1.2 Bilging amidships compartment.15.1.3 Bilging of side compartment.

15.1.4 Bilging end compartment.

15.1.5 Effect of bilging on stability (Draft, Trim, List and GM) – bylost buoyancy method and by added mass method.

1 : 0 : 0: 2

P.

Countermeasures to be taken during flooding


Understand the counter measures to be taken

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.2)

1 : 0 : 0: 2




16.1 Explain the countermeasures to be taken in the event of flooding ofcompartments

16.2 Explain that countermeasures during cross flooding of compartments

will be according to details in damage control plan.

Q. IMO recommendations concerning ship stability


Know the recommendations of IMO with regards to stability of ships

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.1.3) 17.1 Recognize the IMO recommendations concerning ship stability

17.1.1 International Code of Intact Stability,2008 (2008 IS code)

17.1.2 Damage control plan

17.1.3

Damage control booklet17.1.4 Use of on-board computers

17.1.5 Shore based emergency response system

0 : 0 : 0: 3

R. Methods and Aids to prevent pollution of the environment y ships


Understand the prevention measures taken to prevent environment pollution caused by ships

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.2.8) 18.1

List the conventions related to Marine Pollution.

18.2 Identify the sources of Marine pollution:

18.2.1 Oil.

18.2.2 Noxious liquid substances carried in bulk.18.2.3 Harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form.

18.2.4 Sewage.

18.2.5 Garbage.18.2.6 Air.

18.2.7 Ballast water.

18.2.8

Anti-fouling paints.18.2.9 Noise.

18.3 Explain the effects of marine oil spills.

18.4 Recognize Regulations for prevention of oil pollution as per Annex I

of MARPOL 73/78 for the following:18.4.1 Tanks for oil residues (Sludge).

18.4.2 Oily water separator and oil filtering equipment and oil content

2 : 0 : 0: 5




monitoring.18.4.3 Standard discharge connection.

18.4.4 Control of oil discharge – discharge in special areas and outside

special areas.

18.4.5

Oil record book.18.4.6 Requirement for oil tankers.

18.4.7 Double hull and double bottom tank.18.4.8 Intact stability requirements.

18.4.9 Subdivision and damage stability.

18.4.10 Slop tanks.

18.4.11 Pumping, piping and discharge arrangements.18.4.12 Oil monitoring and control system.

18.4.13 Requirements for crude oil washing.

18.4.14 Control of discharge of oil from oil tankers - Discharge

outside special areas and Discharge in special areas.

18.4.15

Shipboard oil pollution emergency plan.18.4.16 Reception facilities.18.4.17 Concept of Integrated Bilge Water Treatment System (IBTS).

18.5 Recognize Regulations for control of pollution from Noxious liquid

substances carried in bulk as per Annex II of MARPOL 73/78.

18.5.1 Identify The International Code for the Construction and

Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk(IBC Code), the Code for the Construction and Equipment of

Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code) and

the Code for the Construction and Equipment of ShipsCarrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code).

18.6

Recognize Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Harmfulsubstances carried by sea in packaged form as per Annex III of

MARPOL 73/78.18.7 Recognize Requirements covering the carriage of dangerous goods by

sea as per Chapter VII of the SOLAS Convention

18.7.1 Carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form and IMDGCode.

18.7.2 Carriage of dangerous goods in solid form in bulk.

18.8 Recognize Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage fromShips as per Annex IV of MARPOL 73/78.

18.8.1 Harmful effects of sewage to the marine environment.

18.8.2

Sewage treatment plant; system to comminute and disinfect thesewag; and a holding tank.

18.8.3 Standard discharge connections.

18.8.4 Discharge of sewage.

18.8.5 Reception facilities.18.9

Recognize Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage

from Ships as per Annex V of MARPOL 73/78.




18.9.1 Placards, garbage management plans and garbage recordkeeping.

18.9.2 Shipboard incinerators.

18.9.3 Disposal of garbage outside special areas.

18.9.4

Disposal of garbage within special areas.18.9.5 Reception facilities.

18.10 Recognize Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution as perAnnex VI of MARPOL 73/78.

18.1.1 Explain that use of ozone depleting substances prohibited on

ships. Use of HCFCs permitted till 1st January 2020.

18.1.2 Explain that Sculpture content of any fuel oil used on boardships shall not exceed 4.5% m/m and a progressive reduction in

sulphur initially to 3.50% effective from 1 January 2012; then

progressively to 0.50 %, effective from 1 January 2020, subject

to a feasibility review to be completed no later than 2018.

18.1.3

Explain that the sculpture content limits applicable in SulphurEmission Control Areas is 1.00% and will be further reducedto 0.10 %, effective from 1 January 2015 or an exhaust gascleaning system, approved by the Administration.

18.1.4 Explain that Bunker delivery notes and representative sample

are to be retained on board for a certain period of time.

18.1.5 Recognize the NOX technical file on board ship as per NOxTechnical Code 2008 for all marine diesel engines with a

power output of 130 kW or more.

18.1.6 Recognize requirements of Vapor collection system for tankersfor control of volatile organic compounds.

18.1.7

Explain the shipboard incineration and guidelines for use ofincinerator.

18.11 Recognize the significance of International Convention for the Controland Management of Ship’s Ballast Water and Sediments with respect

to following:

18.11.1 Ballast water treatment or exchange, depending upon year of build and size of ship.

18.11.2 Ballast Water Management Plan.

18.11.3 Ballast Water Record Book.18.12 All ships using ballast water exchange should whenever possible,

conduct ballast water exchange at least 200 nautical miles from the

nearest land and in water at least 200 meters in depth.18.13 Explain requirements with respect to Anti-fouling paints

18.13.1 Explain that Ships could no longer be coated with TBT-based

antifoulings and those vessels coated with it have them

removed have a barrier coating to prevent their leaching.18.14

Recognize requirements with respect to Noise by IMO Assembly

resolution A468 (XII) – Code on noise levels on board ships.




S. Fire-fighting equipment


Understand the shipboard fire prevention measures, aids and methods

for detection and extinction of fires

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.4.2) 19.1 Explain the following with respect to Firefighting equipment on board:

19.1.1 Construction, installation and operation of fixed fire fighting

installations..1.2 Construction, installation and operation of portable and semi portable

firefighting equipment.

4 : 0 : 0: 5

T.

Life Saving Appliances


Understand the functions and usage of shipboard life saving appliances

Specific Learning Objectives: (IMO 7.02, 2011: F4/ 4.4.3) 20.1 Explain the following with respect to the shipboard Life

saving appliances:

20.1.1 Construction, installation and operation of life savingequipment.

20.1.2

Tests, procedures and maintenance necessary to ensure correctand safe operation of life-saving and other safety equipment.

20.1.3

Maintenance of water tight doors.

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