ed 370 756 rc 019 669 title 1993. 93 reports · 2014-05-07 · document resume ed 370 756 rc 019...

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 370 756 RC 019 669

TITLE 1993 in Review. October 1, 1992, to September 30,1993.

INSTITUTION Inter-American Foundation, Arlington, VA.PUB DATE 93

NOTE 56p.; Photographs may not reproduce clearly. For 1992report, see RC 019 445.

PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Adult Education; *Agency Role; *Economic Development;

Fellowships; Foreign Countries; *Grants; HigherEducation; *International Programs; ProgramDescriptions; Rural Development; Rural Education;*Technical Assistance; Training

IDENTIFIERS Caribbean; Development Education; *Inter AmericanFoundation; International Aid; *Latin America;Sustainable Development

ABSTRACTThis report summarizes 1993 activities of the

Inter-American Foundation (IAF), an independent agency of the U.S.government. The IAF promotes equitable and participatory self-helpdevelopment in the Caribbean and Latin America by awarding grantsdirectly to local grassroots organizations ant small enterprises, aswell as to larger organizations that provide local groups withcredit, technical assistance, training, and marketing services. In aspecial 1993 initiative, IAF staff developed a Grassroots DevelopmentFramework that identifies and describes desirable outcomes ofsustainable grassroots development programs at family, network, andsocietal levels. Of $24.5 million in new IAF grants, 38 percentsupported food production and agriculture projects; 25 percent fundededucation and training; 19 percent supported small enterprisedevelopment; and the remainder covered projects related toecodevelopment, research and dissemination, legal aid, health,housing, and cultural expression. About 52 percent of funds wereallocated to rural programs, and about 17 percent supported projectsinvolving indigenous peoples. Convinced that grassroots developmentworks best when nurtured by learning activities, IAF supportededucational activities in such areas as organizational development,natural resource management, conservation, agricultural education,literacy education, business and financial management training,teacher education, instructional materials development, nutrition,health promotion, and vocational education. This report brieflydescribes approximately 330 grants awarded in 1993, provideslengthier descriptions of four model development programs, listsforeign graduate students awarded fellowships to study in the UnitedStates, lists IAF publications and videos, and summarizes financialinformation. Includes many photographs. (SV)

***********************************************************************

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

***********************************************************************

11

1.0t-t

LU

1993IN REvIE

74-

';.1.

t,

4.

,."

rr` ? ...4,... c...... a.z... 4 : ,

%, vititf-L

INTER-AMERICANFOUNDATION

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

g''

-

-

.;?`

U Of PARTINEMT O( COOCAT)001oryce o Educimanal R44644arch and onprovornont

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER (ERIC)

)7' Ms document nes berm reproduced asrecswO from the person or organuabonot,ginatftv It

O Iknor changes hare telan mad* lo motor*reproduchon

Pools ol awry, or OP niOn$ atId on Mos docu.mint do not nCesanly rnt &kwOE RI pompon et twice

BAHAMAS

1.7"1111111.41111,61JAMAICA,

TURKS AND

HAITI DOMINICANREPUBLIC

- ST. KIrra.

MONTSERRAT

NETHERLANDSANTILLES

A

CAICOS

ANGUILLA

NEVIS

DOMINICA

ST. LUCIAST. VINCENT

BARBUDA

ANTIGUA

BArZBADOS

GRENADATOBAGO

TRINIDAD

GIJATEMALA/'.EL SALVADOR/

NICARAGUA

COSTA RICA' /PANAMA I

ECUADOR

L

Office for the Andean Region

Office for Central America

Office for Guatemala, Mexico,and the Caribbean

Office for the Southern Coneand Brazil

Cover photo: A radio announcer from the Centrode ComunicaciOn y Desarrollo Andino (CENDA)interviews a campesina in a community center inCochabamba, Bolivia, about herbal medicines.CENDA's broadcasts in Quechua are sparking acultural revival, joining isolated mountain villagesin a dialogue to solve mutual problems. (Photo:Sean Sprague) Opposite page: SERVOLapprentice Dexter Clark hoists pipe at a buildingsite in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. Hands-on trainingof teens like Clark prepares them for nationalcertification and helps make SERVOL's skillscenters self-supporting. (Photo: MitchellDenburg)

...

GUYANA

/ SURINAME

-

URl 3UAY

1993IN RIEVIE

/If0

INTER-AM ERICA4-LFOUNDATION

OCT0f1ER 1, 1992 ToSEPTEMBER 30. 199.3

1NTER-AMERICAN FOUNIDATION901 N. STUART STREET

10TH FLOORARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22203

U S.A(703 ) 841-3800

ik 1

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Frank D. Yturria, Chairman; YturriaRanch Enterprises, Brownsville, Texas

James R. Whelan, Vice Chairman;President of the Whelan Group,Santiago, Chile

Hon. James H. Michel, U.S. Agency forInternational Development,Washington, D.C.

FOUNDATION STAFF

OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

Hon. Bill K. Perrin, PresidentGeorge A. Evans, Executive Vice

PresidentBetty F. Davis, Executive AssistantEdward T. La Farge, Counselor to the

President

OFFICE OF THE GENERALCOUNSEL

Adolfo A. Franco, General CounselEvan M. Koster, Deputy General CounselMargarita Guerra, Paralegal Specialist

OFFICE OF PROGRAM OUTREACH

Stephen G. Vetter, Director

OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIONAND FINANCE

Dorothy B. Burruss, Vice President forAdministration and Finance

Winseme Wells, Assistant Vice PresidentTitra G. Hamilton, Financial AssistantJoyce Chisley, Budget OfficerRonald J. Vadala, Chief Ao ountantYolanda M. Arzadon, Operating

AccountantMilna B. Bautista, Operating AccountantRobert L. Freeman, Fiscal SpecialistZoila Chernoff, Accounting TechnicianMelvin Asterken, General Services OfficerPatrick G. Bailey, AuditorRanda A. Nour, Computer ProgrammerNancy C. Welch, Contracting OfficerMartin Langaigne, Procurement Assistant

OFFICE OF PERSONNEL

Marcia A. Savoie, Personnel DirectorCynthia T. Whatley, Personnel

Management Specialist

2 INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION

L

Ann Brownell Sloane, Sloane & Hinshaw,Inc., New York, New York

Norton Stevens, Norton Stevens and Asso-ciates, New York, New York

Paul E. Sussman, Chief Operating Officer,Day Surgicenters, Inc., Chicago, Illinois

OFFICE FOR LEARNING ANDDISSEMINATION

AnAe B. Ternes, Vice President forLearning and Dissemination

Elizabeth G. Pagano, Program AnalystEllen C. Murphy, Special Studies OfficerCharles A. Reilly, Thematic Studies OfficerMarion Ritchey Vance, Regional Learning

OfficerMaria E. Barry, Assistant EditorLeyda P. Appel, Translations OfficerRcbert J. Sogge, Fellowship Program

DirectorScott E. Kuster, Fellowship Program

Representative

OFFICE OF PROGRAMS

Linda P. Borst, Vice President forPrograms

Patricia Palma, Management AnalystEmma Rodriguez, Program Coordinator

OFFICE FOR THE ANDEAN REGION

Walter A. Price, Regional DirectorEdmund H. Benner, Representative,

VenezuelaKevin Healy, Representative, BoliviaDenise H. Humphreys, Representative,

PeruCharles D. Kleymeyer, Representative,

EcuadorSteven D. ;Ierce, Representative, ColombiaMaria Isabel Barboza, Program Staff

AssistantAnnette Cordero, Program Staff Assistant

't

5

ADVISORY COUNCIL TO THEBOARD OF DIRECTORS

John C. DuncanMartha T. Muse

As of September 1993

OFFICE FOR CENTRAL AMERICA

Ronald P. Arms, Regional DirectorJames G. Adriance, Regional

RepresentativeGuy H. Branch, Representative, PanamaPatrick Breslin, Representative, HondurasMichael D. Jenkins-Aizpuru,

Representative, El SalvadorJan R. Van Orman, Representative, Costa

RicaWilbur T. Wright, Jr., Representative,

NicaraguaBlanca R. Suarez-Torres, Program Coordi-

natorMarcy Honnold, Program Staff AssistantOlga Reinhard, Program Staff Assistant

OFFICE FOR GUATEMALA, MEXICO,AND THE CARIBBEAN

Julie Sutphen Wechsler, Regional DirectorWilliam M. Barbieri, Representative,

Belize, GuatemalaDavid B. Bray, Representative, MexicoJohn Burstein, Representative, MexicoRobert Maguire, Representative, Haiti,

JamaicaKeith L. Oberg, Representative, Dominican

Republic, Eastern CaribbeanEmily Asher, Program Staff AssistantKetly Florus, Program Staff Assistant

OFFICE FOR THE SOUTHERN CONEAND BRAZIL

Carl L. Swartz, Regional DirectorMartha Farmelo, Representative, UruguayCynthia L. Ferrin, Representative,

Argentina, ParaguayJohn W. Garrison II, Representative, BrazilChris Krueger, Representative, ChileKathryn Smith Pyle, Representative, BrazilRachel Cardelle, Program CoordinatorVivian Hicks, Program Staff Assistant

As of September 1993

A woman from a low-income barrio ofManasua, Nicarasna, -ccds anebzhborhood child at a :ommunitukitchen inspired bu SOY MCA, antnnom( proc,ram tics: :ued to boost

the pn)teni let'els oft-it:Lin:It, open lobsfor urban women, :11111 (xpalui a lieu'

cash crop for the ;lath»: s ()Irmerspage 23). (Photo: Emma Rodriguez)

k

Board of Directors and Foundation Staff

Letter from the Chairman

Letter from the President

1993 Overview

Country Reports

Office for the Andean Region

Office for Central America

Office for Guatemala, Mexico,and the Caribbean

Office for the Southern Cone and Brazil

Latin American Regional Grants

Fellowship Program

Publications and Videos

Financial and Statistical Information

(See inside back cover for information on how to apply for a grant)

2

5

8

13

20

28

37

45

46

50

51

THE INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION ( 1 A F), an independent agency ofthe U.S. Government, was created in 1969 as an experimental U.S. foreign as-sistance program. The IAF works in Latin America and the Caribbean to pro-mote equitable, responsive, and participatory self-help development byawarding grants directly to local organizations throughout the region.

Grants are generally awarded for two years and average 576,741. Manygrants support grassroots organizations such as agricultural cooperatives orsmall, urban enterprises. Others are awarded to larger organizations thatprovide local groups with credit, technical assistance, training, and market-ing services.

The IAF is governed by a nine-person Board of Directors appointed by thePresident of the United States. Six members are drawn from the private sec-tor and three from the Federal government. The President of the IAF is ap-pointed by the Board of Directors.

The Foundation's operating budget consists of Congressional appropria-tions and funds derived through the Social Progress Trust Fund. The IAF'sfiscal year 1993 budget was $38.9 million. Since 1972, the IAF has made 3,643grants totaling $385.1 million. The Foundation's 70 staff members are basedin Arlington, Virginia.

BEST COPY AVAIIMILI6

1993 IN REVIEW 3

-

.1 ,co)Aci at a FRIZABI.ANCA plant that eiI1 wIac I mall

1):1 jar- Of V,t:Cttlifti., 4,1

f.1111Htl 111, f',0,tif 1\1( tOOlft'l ilt (fill. Of t fl f,.) .11,1

(11(11 HI (If( 014. H (,'.f- ooH

Of I hi f ri:, fOlf/Ol!''

ITli1111 I )t.IiI111

I'

k

As I begin my fourth year as Chair-

man of the Inter-American Foundation, I am encouraged by the recogni-

tion being given to the value of nongovernmental organizations (NG0s)and grassroots development in promoting sustainable development, en-vironmental conservation, and democracy. Since 1971, the Foundationhas demonstrated its belief in and commitment to this concept throughits support for thousands of NGOs and their programs throughout LatinAmerica and the Caribbean. This effort, I believe, has yielded substantialdividends in the strengthening of NGOs and self-help grassroots devel-opment, as well as in demonstrating the merit of this approach as an ef-fective alternative for international development assistance programs.

It now appears that the idea pioneered by the Foundation of deliveringdevelopment assistance through support for NGOs is being increasinglyincorporated into the methodologies of the large bilateral and multilateralagencies such as the U.S. Agency for International Development, theWorld Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank. If this trend con-tinues, the Foundation's long-standing goal of informing and influencingthe approach of other international donors will be increasingly significant.

I believe the Foundation can also expand its impact and influence bYsystematizing its unique knowledge about grassroots development andsharing it with other agencies. The experience with different projectsthroughout Latin America and the Caribbean provides the Foundationwith a broad understanding, as well as a forward-looking perspective,on nearly every facet of grassroots development.

My own field visits to Latin America and the Caribbean have enabledme to see firsthand how the Foundation supports a wide array of pro-jects that promote self-help and self-reliance at the grassroots. Indeed,my travels and experiences as the Foundation's Chairman have led me toconclude that supporting participatory self-help at the grassroots levelmay well be one of if not the most effective uses of development assis-tance resources.

In closing, I wish to express my appreciation to the Foundation's stafffor their dedication and hard work during the past year. I am also mostappreciative of the Foundation's President, Amb. Bill K. Perrin, for hisable leadership, and for my fellow Board Members' invaluable support. Ilook forward to an even more productive 1994.

Frank D. Yturria

1993 IN REviEw 5

LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT

0 ne of my first tasks as the Foundation'sPresident was to work with the staff and Board to assemble and articulate key Foundationbeliefs, hopes, and goals in a Vision and Goals Statement for the 1990s. The final productblended 1970s concepts that have driven the Foundation's operations for 22 years withnew ideas for the future. To remain relevant, visionary, and effective, I believe it is impor-tant for the Foundation to reassess continually the key concepts that drive its operationsin light of current conditions and trends. The long-s:anding concepts from the 1970s areexpressed in the Vision and Goals Statement as follows: Grassroots development is widelyrecognized as the foundation of sustainable development and participatory, democraticcivil societies; and that nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have reached high levelsof effectiveness in promoting and supporting grassroots development. The new conceptsintroduced in the 1990s are twofold: NGOs are working with business and government tomobilize, organize, and focus resources on sustainable grassroots development; and thatNGOs are getting more resources from the private and public sectors in their own coun-tries, thereby lessening their dependence on foreign assistance.

As I reflect on the past year, it seems that key concepts embodied in the Foundation's Vi-sion and Goals Statement are emerging in development trends and thinking. Perhaps themost dramatic and strongest trend has been the rise in the importance of grassroots devel-opment and the effectiveness of the NGOs that promote and support it. In 1971, when theFoundation was awarding its first grants to NGOs, few in the international developmentassistance field recognized the value of small, private development organizations and theparticipatory, self-help, grassroots development approach. Now, 22 years later, Na Dsand the participatory grassroots development they promote and supportare considered,both internationally and in their own societies, to be a major factor in achieving sustainabledevelopment and in the formation and maintenance of democratic societies.

A newly emerging trend, also embodied in the Foundation's Vision and Goals State-ment, is collaboration among NGOs and their governments and the private business sec-tor. As valuable as NGOs are, they alone cannot solve the problems of poverty and devel-opment. Governments, the business sector, and NGOs will have to work together forsustainable development to have a chance. Throughout the region there are signs ofdevelopment-driven partnerships emerging among NGOs, business, and government.Many NGOs now collaborate with local governments in programs that involve health,housing, and education services. As well, NGOs have been invited by their governmentsto provide advice on shaping public policies that have an impact on development. Thejoint venture between the IAF and Petróleos de Venezuela is an example of a business pro-viding funds for NGOs involved in grassroots development.

I believe one of the goals of all foreign assistance donors should be to stimulate andhelp NGOs gain access to resources within their own countries. Greater reliance by NGOson in-country resources is critical since developmmt will ultimately not be sustainable if itrelies too heavily on the ebb and flow of foreign resources. Is this a realistic goal? Overtime I believe it is. For the past two years the Foundation's outreach program has focusedon exploring the feasibility of this goal, and the results have been encouraging. Indeedthere are early signs that a trend in this direction is emerging in the region.

For the past 22 years, the Foundation has contributed to the growth of Latin Americanand Caribbean NGOs in numbers and effectiveness and, in so doing, has helped make theIAF's 1970s vision of the value of NGOs and grassroots development a 1990s reality. Nowthe Foundation must search for new paths to make today's visions the realities of tomor-row. I believe the greatest progress will occur when development assistance donors, thebusiness sector, governments, and NGOs work together toward the common goals of sus-tainable development and democratic civil societies.

Amb. Bill K. Perrin


1,

'4?

A

Agit;"

-

k

()Het 11101 tie? 0111IN tO ill! 0110001 Ith I/ t it tug

1,11111(,:ital Ii tt., from (I( (. ()mum( iii liii If Iti-(111 toll() 1(0:no(( I NI ),U 1

Icy (-I NI);\ strate,(0.4 in.t.)11111 Imited MtuNtru ()! rtImit A ft1/11, to

;Op II\TIk I/ Wilt Old 10 hit fOl /114NI.I11114,1111H11.y.', iii

I HI ill Ili I citt It( Hari, to -tort -Liityl to I low otho 1\1( ,( ) -.t,Ift

prito t Olaf hold ori fit, (hit hut tool (Thra(1.

kr

I

TAKING ACTION AND LOOKING AT RESULTS

This year, through a special initiative, the Foundation iscoming to grips with one of the most perplexing issuesin development: assessing the broad long-term results ofgrassroots development programs. Progress in achievinggrant-specific goals, objectives, and benchmarks is rou-tinely monitored, but this type of monitoring does nottake into account the long-term, complex nature of thedevelopment processa process that is not circum-scribed by the starting and ending dates of a specificproject or by the achievement of one project's goals.Progress or results must be viewed within a muchbroader framework.

The first task in carrying out this initiative was toidentify the desirable results of sustainable grassrootsdevelopment programs. Although the terms "grassrootsdevelopment" and "sustainability" are now in vogtv.,among international development assistance profession-als and organizations, there is little agreement on whatthese terms imply with respect to results. The Founda-tion staff, in attempting to put together a comprehensivelist of results, was able to draw on 22 yeaL.s of experiencesupporting and listening to development practitionersand beneficiaries in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Defining grassroots results that are linked with sustain-ability proved to be a complex and time-consuming task.After months of debate and discussion, t:oundation staffdeveloped a framework for looking at results and found away to present it graphically. The Grassroots Develop-ment Framework (GDF) identified three kinds of resultson three levels: immediate "quality of life" gains for par-ticipants; strengthening community organizations andnetworks; and influencing public policy and the practicesand attitudes of the community at large. A more completedescription of the GDF can be found in the October 1993issue of the Foundation's journal, Grassroots Development(Volume 17, No. 1).

The GDF hasbeen generally wellreceived by devel-opment practition-ers, from both theUnited States andLatin America andthe Caribbean,whom Foundationstaff have consultedin the process of de-bating and refiningthe framework.Many consider it asignificant advancein understandingand describing thepotential impactand benefits ofgrassroots develop-ment. In August and September, the Costa Rica In-Country Service (ICS) staff tested the GDF with ten

Foundation grantees in Costa Rica. The test confirmedthe GDF's relevance and effectiveness in identifying, de-scribing, and assessing the results of grassroots develop-ment and provided some valuable clues as to how theGDF could be made more effective operationally. Afterseveral more field tests, the GDF will be used in moni-toring the results of ongoing and future Foundation-supported projects.

Several other special initiatives, established during thepast three years, are ongoing. In fiscal year 1992, theCountry Plan and Budget (CPB) system was designedand instituted together with the Outreach Initiative. TheCPB is a strategic planning system that enables theFoundation to identify priority country-level develop-ment goals and strategies to be pursued over a five-yearperiod. The Outreach Initiative aims to help grassrootsorganizations lessen their dependence on foreign sup-port by relying on local private- and public-sector re-sources, and to improve coordination among interna-tional donors so that resources are used more effectively.

HIGHLIGHTS FROM THEOFFICE OF PROGRAMSIn fiscal year 1993, the Inter-American Foundationachieved one of the highest funding levels in its history,approving $29.2 million for grants and other programactivities. Of this amount, $24.5 million supported 170new grants and 197 grant supplements for grassroots de-velopment efforts in 22 countries of Latin America andthe Caribbean. The balance of funds supported the ICSprogram described later.

The Foundation allocated 63 percent of its grant re-sources to strengthen the growing number of grassrootssupport organizations (GS0s) that provide training,

technical assis-tance, and creditdirectly to low-income communitygroups. GSOs oftenrequire relativelylong-term supportto permit them tostrengthen theiroperations, andgrants to these in-stitutions helpcover recurrentcosts for salaries,administration,and equipment.

Another 32 per-cent of grant fundswas awarded tograssroots mem-bership organiza-

tionsthe cooperativeF rommunity associations, mi-croenterprises, and trill_ ...,Tganizations that give the

PRACTICES

POLICI ES

LAWS

.01#Titita,114,PScoNrk.:,',1

RURELATIoNSH I Ps

ArriTuousVALUES

,:f:;Aaboutiv 'Auto.

,

Illustration of the Grassroots Development Framework

8 INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION1 1

BEST COPY AMIABLE'

)i OVI UVII v"

on,

poor a voice and a way to improve their lives. The re-maining 5 percent supported research institutions, com-munity centers for women and youth, health- and child-care facilities, and an assortment of other organizations.

The geographic distribution of funds reflected a slightdecline in the proportion of support allocated to ruralprograms, perhaps reflecting the progressive urbaniza-tion of Latin America and the Caribbean. Approximately52 percent of grant funds supported projects in ruralareas, compared to a historical average of 59 to 65 per-cent. Projects in large metropolitan centers received21 percent of grant funds, and projects in provincialtowns and cities received 27 percent.

The programmatic distribution of grant funds is rela-tively consistent with trends established during previousyears, with over 80 percent directed to food productionand agriculture, education and training, and small-scaleenterprise development. The pie charts below detail theallocation of resources by program area and grant size infiscal year 1993. Most grants continue to be relativelysmallclose to 80 percent are under $100,000 and about40 percent are under $50,000.

Salvador Aguilar of the IAF's In-Country Service (ICS) systemin Nicaragua listens while Holanda Parriagra of SOYNICA

explains how the wimen of Managua are using a campaignagainst childhood malnutrition to galvanize a new domestic tood

industru. In addition to their responsibilities tOr monitoringongoing projects and arranging for timely technical assistance,

the ICS,, are making important contributions to the lAF's effort

to refine a new analytical framework for understanding and

scaling-up grassroots development. (Photo: Emma Rodriguez)

The Foundation approved $4.6 million for In-CountryService (ICS) programs in fiscal year 1993, representingapproximately 15 percent of the annual country budgetplan. Through contracts with local development expertsin 22 ICS offices, the Foundation provides timely techni-cal assistance to grantees, monitors the progress of ongo-ing projects, conducts research related to grassroots de-velopment issues, and promotes learning amonggrantees. Approximately 6 percent of the Foundation'sannual grant budget ($1.9 million) was used to establishnew In-Country Funds (ICFs) in Belize and Panama andto augment funds already in place in ten other countries.The ICFs are administered by GSOs through cooperative

GESTCOPYAVAILABEF 12 1993 IN REVIEW 9

NEW GRANTS BY SIZE GRANT FUNDS ALLOCATEDFY 1993

WIN

42 GRANTSAT $25,000 TO$49,999 (25%)

22 GRANTSAT LESS THAN

$25,000 (13%)

69 GRANTS

AT $50,000 TO

$99,999 (41%)

28 GRANTS- AT 6100,000 TO

61999699 (16%)

7 GRANTSAT $200,000 TO$299,999 (4%)

2 GRANTSOVER $300,000(1%)

agreements, with Foundation oversight and involve-ment. They provide emerging rural and urban commu-nity groups with timely, small-scale grants and loans, av-eraging $5,000, to meet their short-term needs. Since1985, 35 such funds have been established in 20 coun-tries; 23 funds are currently active in 15 countries.

The Foundation encourages its grantees to leveragecounterpart contributions, either in cash or in kind, at alevel comparable to grant support. These contributionsdemonstrate local commitment and increase the likeli-hood that project activities will continue after the granthas ended. During the past fiscal year, every grant dollarfrom the Foundation was matched by $1.53 in counter-part contributions, up from '51.49 the previous year.

This year, the Foundation supported numerous projectsinvolving indigenous cultures. Native peoples were theprincipal beneficiaries of 59 grants, totaling $4.1 million orapproximately 17 percent of resources allocated for coun-try programs in fiscal year 1993. One grant of special in-terest was awarded to the Coordinadora de las Organiza-ciones Indigenas de la Cuenca Amazónica (COICA), aregional confederation of indigenous organizations fromnine Amazonian countries. Over the course of the year,COICA conducted planning meetings in five membercountries to address the plight of the two million indige-nous people it represents. Each meeting focused on a dif-ferent topic: autonomous development, natural resourcesand the environment, land rights, human rights, and or-ganizational development and coordination.

In the summer of 1994, at the Festival of AmericanFolklife, the Foundation, in collaboration with the Smith-sonian Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Stud-ies, will produce a program on the link between culturalidentity and participatory socioeconomic development


BY PROGRAM AREA FY 1993

FOOD PRODUCTION AND

AGRICULTURE $9,368,483(38%)

EDUCATION AND TRAINING$5,995,774 (25%)

SMALL ENTERPRISE- DEVELOPMENT

$4,745,204 (19%)

ECODEVELOPMENT

$1,046,058 (4%)

RESEARCH AND DISSEMINATION $601,796 (2%)

LEGAL AID $459,931 (2%)

HEALTH $316,893 (1%)

HOUSING $166,385 (1%)

CULTURAL EXPRESSION $36.900 (<1%)

OTHER $1,717,060 (7%)

in Latin America and the Caribbean. The program willhighlight how indigenous communities use their tradi-tional skills and knowledge as resources for sustainabledevelopment. Traditional musicians, artisans, and agri-culturalists from Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador,Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, and Peru will rep-resent grassroots development projects at the festival.

HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE OFFICEOF LEARNING AND DISSEMINATIONThe Office of Learning and Dissemination (L&D) workshand in hand with the Office of Programs so that re-search is in tune with the realities of development field-work. During fiscal year 1993, L&D's Research and Eval-uation Office undertook two new activities withProgram staff. Under the rubric of Regional LearningInitiatives, the first of these new venturesfield-basedplans that advance the learning priorities of the four re-gional Program officeswere selected for support. Thir-teen such plans are now under way, including a study inthe Southern Cone countries on the opportunities andobstacles for low-income rural producers under theMERCOSUR regional trade agreement; a study andvideo on a Honduran program in 22 rural communitiespopulated by Lenca Indians where eight national NGOshave broken precedent to work together; and a meetingof 80 Venezuelan NGOs that support microenterprisesand small businesses to explore opportunities to makebetter use of resourcesboth public and private.

The second, and very absorbing, new activity is thedesign and testing of the already described GrassrootsDevelopment Framework. A task force under I &D'sleadership will continue to test and perfect the GDF dur-

13

1993 Ovifnlit W

ing fiscal year 1994. One goal will be to devise indicatorsfor describing and measuring both the tangible and theintangible benefits of Foundation-supported grassrootsdevelopment activities.

In addition to those new undertakings, the Researchand Evaluation Office continues to track emergingtrends and issues that will have an impact on grassrootsdevelopment. Final work was completed on the manu-script joint Ventures in Urban Policy, edited by Charles A.Reilly, which examines the contemporary phenomenonof NGO collaboration with municipal governments inLatin America. A Spanish edition will be published inearly 1994. Other projects are in the preliminary stage:research on the impact of social investment and socialemergency funds on grassroots development in the re-gion; documentation of NGO contributions to urban en-vironmental problem-solving; and research on urbanpolicymaking in the Southern Cone.

Through the efforts of the Dissemination Office, the IAFkeeps the development community and the general pub-lic informed about the experiences of grassroots projects.IAF publications are in steady demand and excerptedwidely. Two issues of the IAF's journal Grassroots Develop-ment, a separate comprehensive subject index of the jour-nal from 1977 to 1992, and 1992 in Review (the IAF's reportto the public), were published in fiscal year 1993. TheFoundation also published Inquiry at the Grassroots: AnInter-American Foundation Fellowship Reader, a collection ofarticles on grassroots development written by former IA I'doctoral fellows, many of whom now hold positions inthe field of development. The volume, which draws to-gether works from different disciplines, was coedited byWilliam Glade and Charles A. Reilly. In development edu-cation, the Foundation produced another video for class-room use. Saving Their Corner of the Planet: Local Conserva-tionists in Honduras shows how four communities areresponding to environmental pressures while working to-ward a sustainable and impmved local economy. Ateacher's guide accompanying the video is also available.

L&D and other Foundation offices are ably assisted bythe Translation Office, which translates some 800 grants,amendments, contracts, and internal documents intoEnglish, Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Creole. In fiscalyear 1993, the office also translated the 1992 in Reviewand two issues of Grassroots Development into Spanishand Portuguese, and clocriptive materials for the Fel-lowship Program into Spanish, Portuguese, and French.

The Fellowship Office made a total of 49 grants inthree programs: master's and doctoral field research in

A worker processes wool at a Fundacidn de Organizacionesde Salinas (FLINORSAL) factory in Ecuador. FLINORSAL's15 cooperative businesses have made the Salinas region abeehive of enterprise, opening new markets for small-scalefarmers and creating industrial jobs that pay 40 to 60 percentabove the national minimum wage. (Photo: Miguel Sayago)

al coifMILNE4.,

Latin America and the Caribbean and U.S graduatestudy for students from Latin America and theCaribbean. Approximately 75 percent of the Fellowshipbudget was awarded to students from Latin Americaand the Caribbean, and counterpart funds of close to$800,000 were leveraged. Orientation conferences wereheld at IAF headquarters for recipients of doctoral andU.S. graduate study fellowships. Participants learnedabout the IAF's programs, met members of the staff, anddiscussed how they would assure that their work will beuseful and available to grassroots practitioners.

The Foundation is convinced that action and reflectionare necessarily linkedor, put another way, that thegrassroots development approach works best when nur-tured by learning activities. The IAF has been successfulin assisting the poor in Latin America and the Caribbeanpartly because it has not neglected the inquiry, research,and analysis activities that allow it to refine its approach,increase its effectiveness, and adjust its course as theworld changes.

14 1993 IN REVIEW 11

I.

,1993 GRANT PORTFOLIO

!,STRENGTHENING LOCAL iNITIATIVES,THROUGH ORGANIZATION

r #i

4

11 I

.4204114,r'.

This sehaion &scribes all grants, and grantsupplements ovet made by thelAF in

tiscal year 1993. Four projects are profiled toshow how the Foundafion

responds to local initiative',

.411,11; w

OFFICE FOR THE ANDEAN REGION

BOLIVIANEW GRANTS

Asociación Nacional de Produc-tores de Fréjol (ASOPROF),$136,000 over two years, to con-struct a depot to store beans at SantaCruz railroad station, and to pro-vide technical assistance and mar-keting capital to ASOPROF's 18affiliates, which serve 3,500 bean-producing farmers. (B0-201)

Estación Biologica Beni (EBB),$66,568 over two years, to providethe Chimanes indigenous popula-tion with training/technical assis-tance to create a self-managed orga-nization to protect the forest,address their own needs, and seekmarket alternatives in the Beni re-gion. (80-430)

Equipo de Tecnicos Asociados parala Acción Social (ETAPAS), $59,000over two years, to provide trainingin natural-resource management,community problem solving, veg-etable gardening and horticulture,and animal husbandry to improvethP incomes and nutritional prac-tices of 600 famili2s in OropezaProvince. (B0-438)

Cooperativa Agricola Integral"Campesino," Ltda. (CAIC),$31,878 over one year, to provide or-ganizational development and fi-nancial-management training tostrengthen Brazil-nut productionand marketing benefiting 15 com-munities in Bolivia's northern Ama-zon region. (B0-439)

Left: In Gur z, Mario MejiaPantaletin (t, , .,rn El Peten visits thefield of ALTERTEC promoter FranciscoMejia (right) near Chnnaltenango tolearn about sustainable agriculture. Heholds his hands apart to ask the properspace for intercropping seedlings.(Photo: Patrick Breslin)

Central Regional Agropecuaria In-dustrial de Cooperativas "ElCeibo" (CEIBO), $9,552 over twomonths, to enable six peasant pro-ducers to participate in several in-ternational conferences on agroeco-logical work in Latin America andalso visit research centers and small-producers' associations involved inorganic agriculture and related ex-port crops. (B0-4 "0)

TEKO-Guarani (TEKO), $18,110over six months, to conduct a liter-acy program for Guarani w-Tkers inthe Chuquisaca region by ploducingappropriate materials, training com-munity literacy teachers, and orga-nizing and supervising a literacycampaign. (BO 441)

Asociación de Artesanos La Imi Ila(LA IMILLA), $69,325 over twoyears, to provide design and busi-ness training/technical assistance for432 knitwear producers so they canaccess markets in the United Statesand increase profits for themselvesand their communities. (BO 442)

Centro de Mujeres Rurales(CEMUR), $75,750 over two years, toprovide training in organizational de-velopment and financial manage-ment to the leaders of 40 mothers'clubs in 11 communities in Norte deSanta Cruz, to prepare them for newmanagement responsibilities in an ex-panded poultry operation. (BO 443)

Iniciativa de la Tecnologia Alimen-taria Boliviana (ITAB), $14,600 overone year, to train 25 women in thecity of Tarija as promoters of ama-ranth, a highly nutritious, Pre-Columbian grain that can be proc-essed into bread, cookies, pancakes,and beverages. (B0-444)

Instituto de Lengua y Cultura Ay-mara (ILCA), $17,050 over eightmonths, to write and publish twobooks for use in rural bilingual edu-cation and adult-literacy trainingprograms: a volume of folktales anda volume examining the cultural im-pact of the potato, based on Aymaraoral tradition. (B0-445)

f16

Comunidad PACHA, $22,250 overtwo years, to carry out diagnosticstudies, community workshops, andtraining programs on nutrition,health, and the environment; and topromote vegetable gardeningamong altiplano women from thetowns of Lacaya, Qalla Marka, andQuqaphaya. (BO 446)

Union Nacional de PequeriosGanaderos (UNAPEGA), $27,984over ten months, to continue a pro-gram to increase livestock produc-tion and rural incomes in ten dis-tricts in the tropical regions of LaPaz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz.(B0-447)

Rumillajta Musical Group, $6,900over one month, to participate in theSmithsonian Institution's Festival ofAmerican Folk life. (BO 448)

SUPPLEMENTAL GRANTS OVER $10,000

Centro de InvestigaciOn, DiserioArtesanal y Comercialización Co-operativa, $18,600, to provide tech-nical assistance in design and mar-keting, organizational development,aacl raw-material utilization, bol-stering production of eight indige-nous artisan groups in the SantaCruz region. (80-233)

Centro Boliviano de Investigacióny Acción Educativa (CEBIAE),$50,000, to provide grants and loansunder $5,000 to incipient commu-nity groups or organizations need-ing working capital, feasibility stud-ies, educational materials, ortechnical assistance to implementsmall, innovative development ac-tivities. (B0-240)

Capacitación Integral de la MujerCampesina (CIMCA), $37,450, totrain women promoters in new nu-tritional, health-care, and produc-tion practices in the Challapata zoneof the Oruro region. (B0-243)

1993 IN REVIEW 13

Centro de Estudios Juridicos e In-vestigación Social (PROCESO),$86,648, to conduct leadership andmanagement training among grass-roots organizations, women's asso-ciations, youth groups, and non-governmental developmentorganizations in the department ofSanta Cruz. (B0-259)

Fundación para el Desarrollo Inte-gral de Bolivia (FUNDESIB), $85,490,to help Mataco indigenous communi-ties generate income and raise theircultural conciousness through ac-tivites such as artisanry, agriculture,literacy, and diverse rural-productionenterprises. (B0-265)

Centro de Comunicación y Desa-rrollo Andino (CEsIDA), $10,970, toestablish and manage a local radiostation offering programs on soilconservation, native agriculturalproducts, reforestation, literacy, andbilingual education. (B0-280)

Instituto de Historia Social Boll-viana (HISBOL), $24,351, to publishbooks on such themes as traditionalmedicine, Andean technology, herd-ing practices, food preparation andstorage, and agroecology for use byrural grassroots support organiza-tions in the regions of La Paz,Oruro, and Cochabamba. (B0-292)

Confederación Indigena del Ori-ente Boliviana (CIDOB), $15,015, tosend seven indigenous resource-management technicians to Panamato participate in a conference on nat-ural-resource management in in-digenous reserves. (B0-375)

Centro de Multiservicios Educa-tivos (CEMSE), $50,000, to providemobile health and dental services to42 schools, reaching approximately19,500 students in La Paz; and toprovide student health networkswith training/technical assistance topromote community health and hy-giene. (B0-425)

Fast-growing eucalyptus trees hnportedfrom abroad for reforestation of Andeanhighlands have not stemmed the loss oftopsoils. CENDA's cultural researchprogram led to the establishment of thisnursery in Raquaypampa, Bolivia, andthe recovery of native tree species suitedto the region's rugged climate. (Photo:Sean Sprague)

Centro de Investigación y Docu-mentacicin para el Desarrollo delBeni (CIDDEBENI), $84,335, to pro-vide training and technical assis-tance, conduct environmental andsocioeconomic studies, and helpconstruct a community center. Theseactivities will enable the Mojenoethnic group to better manage its re-sources and organize a long-termsustainable development plan.(B0-432)

1 4 INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION.

.k,

Antropologos del Sur Andino(ASUR), $88,280, to continue inten-sive management training amongthe Jalq'a and Tarabuco ethnicgroups to improve the performanceof 13 textile workshops and mi-croenterprises, benefiting approxi-mately 700 weavers in the northernregion of Chuquisaca. (30-436)

COLOMBIAN EW G RAN TS

Corporación para el DesarrolloSostenido de las Comunidades(CORDESCO), $88,900 over threeyears, to promote local organiza-tions among the trash pickers of tenmunicipalities in Santander Depart-ment and seek new markets anduses for recyclable materials; and toreduce pollution from solid-wastedumping in two rivers. (C0-458)

Fundación Natura, $20,000 over oneyear, to introduce diverse fruit andvegetable crops and environmentallysound agricultural practices amongnine members of a local small-scalefarmers' association and approxi-mately 300 other peasant farmers inthe Utria National Park area ofnorthwest Colombia. (C0-459)

Fundación Herencia Verde (FHV),$139,500 over three years, to provideAfro-Colombian farmers in 21 ruralChoc() communities with business,agricultural, and environmentaltraining; and to support planningand self-management of Afro-Colombian territories as stipulatedin the new Colombian Constitution.(C0-460)

AsociaciOn Comunitaria El Dia-mante, $22,500 over one year, to pro-vide training in leadership, commu-nications, decision making, andincome generation for approximately1,500 members of 17 organizations inEl Diamante, a low-income barriobordering Cali. (C0-461)

BEST COPY NAM

I

BRINGING LOCAL GOVERNMENTTO THE PEOPLE

An unprepared visitor entering the streets of metro-politan Lima's Cono Norte, or Northern Cone, isquickly overwhelmed by the sheer crush of people. Acacophony ot voices, music, traffic disrupts any or-derly train of thought, pulling one's attention every-where and nowhere at once The pungent smell of un-collected garbage mixes with the savory aroma offood being cooked over kerosene stoves by street ven-dorsmost ot them women accompanied by two orthree small children.

Home to over 1.5 million people, including a signifi-cant percentage of the city's poor, the Cono Norte is thesite of a dynamic effort in collaborative governance ledby the Centro de Investigacion Social y Educación Pop-ular (ALTERNATIVA). Created in 1979 by fiveprofessionals, the Centro has learned how to findresources where others see only problems.

One example is its work with the microentrepre-neurs of the FederaciOn de Vendedores Ambulantesde Lima (FEDEVAL). In trying to improve the work-ing conditions of street vendors, many of themwomen heads of household struggling to eke out aliving for their families, ALTERNATIVA soon realizedthat public perception was a serious obstacle. Com-munity residents, and municipal officials strapped forcash to finance urban services, saw vendors as onesource of their troubles. Part of the city's vast informaleconomy, they not only paid no taxes, but alsoclogged traffic on city streets, filled the gutters withgarbage, and contributed to juvenile delinquency.ALTERNATIVA learned to work with local leaders,

'Rapid.urbani.:taion is s'ivaniping.Lima's abilini proinde-

. public :.crpicei4. bu

'helping (-lac OiNalltZatiolIS 1)001

re:-01t(rci', (UHL knOle h) tat proNilri . none it,'OrrniIninale atone 1 (1p: A ( itOik nt ii ydmmun.Thl lthheu laMeN out

maritime: -.on', llt Unit her mughhir-:.liiii,e_militc lii fieib.theirRottonv A .cother /iij' ii A for ii !Vila It, the

(oninininin 'cuter hem,: built in he. ,,clactirent.S.1 nd dvrickl

I

persuade them that vendedores ambulantes were vital tolow-income neighborhoods, providing residents withaffordable food and other basic services. From thesenegotiations came the Municipal Street Vendor'sFund, whereby street vendors paid taxes into a fundto support loans for operating capital, market im-provements, garbage collection, and other activities ofmutual interest in the community.

During its 14 years of activism and commitment tomobilizing the residents of the Cono Norte to identifyand solve their own problems, ALTERNATIVA hasmatured into the largest and most influential grass-roots support organization (GS0) in the area. Workingin six program areasincome generation, health, nu-trition, urban development, the environment, andhuman rightsALTERNATIVA has a broad range ofcontacts with local government agencies and commu-nity organizations, providing them with training andtechnical assistance, helping prepare developmentproposals, and conducting research on policy issues

The challenge of carrying out these efforts in theteeth of a chronic recession and political violence hastempered the optimism of even the most idealisticstaff. Founding member and current director JosetmaHuaman notes. "We started out with great hopes fortransforming society but have learned the necessity

.

L

OFILE PROJECT

for compromise. The desperate economic situationand the obvious need for greater technical expertise increating jobs, providing clean water, and feedmg thehungry forced us to become more realistic in order tobe more effective." With that realism has come the un-derstanding that solutions depend on a partnershipbetween community organizations and local govern-ment to coordinate resources and strategies. Duringthe past year, the Inter-American Foundation has sup-ported ALTERNATIVA's effort to help catalyze theConsejo Interdistrital del Cono Norte or NorthernCone Interdistrict Planning Council. This promisinginitiative by all nine district governments brings to-getherin seven technical secretariatsmumcipal of-ficials, leaders of community organizations, profes-sionals from GS0s, and professors trom two localuniversities to develop common policies for solvingareawide problems that spill beyond municipalboundaries. ALTERNATIVA is training and advisingelected officials, municipal staff, and community rep-resentatives in planning, administration, needs assess-ment, and financial management

ALTERNATIVA recognizes that coordinating effortsamong district governments which serve limited termswill be a challenge, and that public agencies and com-munity organizations confronted with daily crises willfind it difficult to focus on longer-term planning. But itremains convinced that the best government is the oneclosest to the people and that if the municipalitiesmaintain their resolve to work with an active citizenrythey can mobilize the Cono Norte's energy to beginsolving th problems together (PU-376)

iF

Denise Humphreys

lake

A ,LA

Ihree (ntuttlittlau IhNe helore the tra,lt

theu hare tri the 1114)?-111 rthoye /AI I I RN/11 IV/1tc,hier, li MOH( 11.11/ t,f11(

fr(lillit iii -pet h1/14,. ittnI a 0111011,N `-1'.,,I))11 retitnitt

;.1. l, th. t I ,r;.r, ,I; wm to

I rfluttis )

OF F ICI F OF TFIL ANDE AN RFC.ION

Fundadrin para la Investigacián yDesarrollo de la Agroindustria Rural(FIDAR), $94,200 over two years, toprovide agroprocessing training andcredit to rural groups in norg-dternCauca; and to train 50 agroindustrialpromoters. These activities will bene-fit approximately 250 low-incomepeopleprimarily Afro-Colombianwomen and youth. (C0-462)

Liga de Conservación y Fomentode los Recursos Naturales Reno-vables (Liga), $18,865 over one year,to raise fish, pigs, and chickens forhome consumption and local sale,improving diets and increasing in-comes within a community of 2,900Afro-Colombian peasants. (CO 463)

Centro de Cooperación al Indigena(CECOIN), $278,200 over threeyears, to support the production,training, organizational, and ecologi-cal efforts of indigenous organiza-tioru representing over 30,000 peo-ple; and to evaluate these efforts anddisseminate the results. (C0-465)


Fundación para la Educación Su-perior (FES), $66,000, to replenish afund thaL provides grants to localgroups for small-scale projectsdesigned to strengthen communityorganization, generate employment,and increase incomes for approxi-mately 200 low-income Colombians.(C0-349)

Fundación "Volvamos a la Gente,"$98,000, to expand its pilot programof curriculum development andteacher training to 20 low-incomeprimary schools; and to adapt thesuccessful concept of escuela nueva,or relevant schooling, to the urbanenvironment. These activities willbenefit 240 teachers and 10,000schoolchildren. (C0-352)

FundaciOn Mujer y Futuro (FMF),$79,200, to continue legal and edu-cational assistance to approximately3,000 household workers and 1,200employers; and to organize semi-nars and action projects designed toincrease women's participation inlocal decision-making bodies in San-tander Department. (C0-397)

Asociación Regional de Taba-caleros y Pequerios ProductoresAgricolas de Santander y Boyaca(AGROTABACO), $66,500, to ex-pand a credit, training, and techni-cal-assistance program to 135tobacco-growing families involvedin agricultural-diversification, ani-mal-raising, and water-storage ac-tivities in ten municipalities innortheast Colombia. (C0-401)

Centro de Asesoria Familiar y Co-munitaria, $91,783, to continue itsurban-based training and counsel-ing in early childhood education,health, and nutrition, and expandsuch services to a rural area, directlybenefiting 2,550 women. (CO 444)

Asociación Grupos Solidarios deColombia (AGS), $128,533, to accel-erate the evolution of the AGS sav-ings-and-credit cooperative, allowingit to receive deposits directly from thepublic and provide services to poorentrepreneurs. (C0-453)

Asociacidn de Mujeres para unaNueva Sociedad, $28,000, to pro-vide training in preventive health,legal rights and responsibilities, arlaccounting to 50 membership orga-nizations assisting over 400 low-income rural and urban women andtheir families; and to extend creditfor small-scale production projects.(C0-455)

ECUADORNEW GRANTS

GRC Producciones (GRC), $22,500over one year, to produce a video (inSpanish and Quichua), based onIAF-funded grassroots developmentprojects, for use in campesino train-ing and organizational programs,schools and universities, and meet-ings of grassroots support organiza-tions. (EC-344)

PromociOn Humana Diocesana(PHD), $87,800 over two years, topromote such enterprises as fishing,small-animal production, industrialsewing, and traditional handicraftsamong 1,200 women in 60 commu-nities and four urban barrios ofBolivar Province. (EC-345)

20

Union Provincial de Cooperativasy Comunas del Cariar (UPCCC),$149,400 over two years, to expandagricultural production and market-ing, training/technical assistance,and a consumer store network; andto enable a women's group to estab-lish ten small-animal husbandry en-terprises and 20 ardsan centers, ben-efiting 45,000 indigenous people inCaftar Province. (EC-346)

La Corporación de Garantia para elFomento de la Microempresa(CORPOMICRO), $203,200 overtwo years, to capitalize and supporta loan-guarantee fund to leveragecapital from the formal banking sec-tor, and enable grassroots supportorganizations to expand their creditand technical assistance programs,benefiting over 6,500 microentrepre-neurs in urban and rural Ecuador.(EC-347)


Fundación de Organizaciones deSalinas (FUNORSAL), $59,290, toincrease its capital fund; to purchaseand install wool-washing machines,a wool dryer, and a corder; and toconduct environmental and healthstudies among some 1,000 wool-producing/processing families ir.central Ecuador. (EC-180)

Centro de Promoción y Empleopara el Sector Informal Urbano(CEPESIU), $151,000, to augment itsrevolving loan fund and continuecredit services to microenterprises inGuayaquil, consisting primarily ofwomen street vendors and family-based manufacturing operations.(EC-184)

FundaciOn Vicente Rocafuerte(FVR), $108,600, to consolidate a va-riety of small production and mar-keting enterprises to improve em-ployment opportunities and livingstandards among 4,000 campesinofamilies living in coastal communi-ties. (EC-195)

1993 IN REVIEW 17

A worker welds pipe seams in a smallfamily-owned business in Guayaquil,Ecuador, that has received technicalassistance and access to working capitalfrom the Centro de Promocidn y Empleopara el Sector Informal Urbano(CEPESIU). CEPESILI's portfolio of700 women street vendors andmicroenterprise manufacturers candraw on loans from a revolving fund oran underwriting program set up with acommercial bank. (Photo: MiguelSayago)

Fundación Ecológica Ecuatoriana(FUDEC), $71,000, to expand atraining/technical assistance pro-gram in family gardening, poultryproduction, and biological pest con-trol used by subsistence farmers ineight rural communities of ManabiProvince; to begin a reforestationprogram; and to initiate chicken-feed production. (EC-200)

Uni6n Cantonal de OrganizacionesIndigenas El Tambo (UCOIT),$34,620, to purchase agricultural in-puts and support commercializationefforts; to implement women's arti-san and agricultural projects; and tobuild storage facilities at the organi-zation's office, measures benefitingapproximately 5,000 campesinos inCariar Province. (EC-207)

Union de Asociaciones de Traba-jadores Agricolas de Columbe(UNASAC), $81,950, to enable thissecond-level campesino federationof 23 affiliated communities tostrengthen its programs in agricul-tural production, soil conservationand reforestation, community stores,carpentry and mechanics, training,and cultural revitalization. (EC-241)

FundaciOn Troja, $78A50, to pro-vide credit and training to fivesmall-scale rice producers' organiza-tions; to expand and improve anirrigation system; and to carry outagricultural diversification and re-forestation programs, benefiting ap-proximately 173 farmers and theirfamilies. (EC-266)


!M.

Federación de Centros Shuar-Achuar (FICSHA), $49,260, to con-solidate its programs in land titling,training/technical assistance, andenvironmentally sound tropicalfood production (such as frog legs)among some 50,000 Amazonian In-dians; and to organize two generalassemblies. (EC-330)

Instituto de InvestigacionesSocio-Económicas y Tecnológicas(INSOTEC), $316,500, to expand anin-country fund providing small-scale loans and grants to grassrootsgroups for economic, social, andcultural development activities.(EC-333)

PERUNEW GRANTS

Centro de InvestigacidnSocial y Educación Popular(ALTERNATIVA), $80,000 overtwo years. See box on page 15.(PU-376)

Instituto de Investigación Nutri-cional (IIN), $132,269 over twoyears, to provide training/technicalassistance to improve local manage-ment of 80 communal kitchens inLima's Chorrillos district and in-crease the nutrient value of foodprepared there; and to replicate theresults in other communal kitchensin Lima. (PU-420)

21 SESitri IMAM

AsociaciOn Interetnica de Desa-rrollo de la Se Iva Peruana(AIDESEP) and Federación de Co-munidades Fronterizas del Rio Pu-tumayo (FECONAFROPU), $31,000over two years, to establish a boat-driven marketing service amongfour towns located on the PutumayoRiver, raising the incomes of 4,900indigenous families. (PU-421)

Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Am-biental (SPDA), $82,210 over twoyears, to initiate a training programin public-interest environmental lawfor 80 lawyers and third-year lawstudents in four regions of the coun-try; and to offer specialized intern-ships to 12 selected course partici-pants. (PU-432)

Fundación Internacional para laAsistencia Comunitaria del Per6(FINCA-Per6), $345,064 over threeyears, to establish community bank-ing programs in the department ofAyacucho and in migrant slums ofLima, supporting small-scale busi-ness activity and promoting savingamong 2,500 low-income urbanwomen. (PU-433)


Centro de Estudios RegionalesAndinos "Bartolomé de las Casas,"$78,850, to continue advanced train-ing to development practitionersfrom public and private agenciesimplementing programs in highlandBolivia, Ecuador, and Peru, and im-prove their skills in project plan-ning, management, and evaluation.(PU-241)

Pequeila Empty ;a, Tecnologia y So-ciedad (PEMTEC), $101,634, to ex-pand its program of interinstitu-tional coordination, marketing, andinformation dissemination to grass-roots support organizations andmicro- and small-scale producersimplementing enterprise develop-ment. (PU-302)

Instituto TecnolOgico Agrario(PROTERRA), $14,070, to cover so-cial employee benefits as requiredby changes in the Peruvian laborcode. (PU-324)

I.

VENEZUELAN EW GRANTS

Fundación para el Desarrollo So-cial (FUNDESOC), $83,464 overtwo years, to train 300 local leadersto design, direct, and evaluate theirown community programs ofpreschool education, health care,small business, and consumer foodoutlets. (VZ-092)

Escuela de Vecinos de Venezuela(EVV), $192,015 over two years, todevelop a program of civic educationand technical assistance for newlyelected local officials and for votersthat are organized by neighborhoodand by regional entity (VZ-093)

Centro de Animación Juvenil(CAP, $26,992 over one year, to ex-pand a program of credit and tech-nical assistance for small businessesin Trujillo State in westernVenezuela. (VZ-094)

Fundación para el Desarrollo de laEconomia Popular (FUDEP),$28,175 over one year, to cofundwith Petróleos de Venezuela a pro-ject to provide technical assistanceto nearly 200 small businesses in theCaracas area. (VZ-095)

Fundación Colegio Experimentalde Agricultura del Mundo Unido"Simon Bolivae (FUNDACEA),$54,000 over one year, to strengthena rural small-business developmentprogram by expanding and diversi-fying training/technical assistanceactivities, and adding a training cen-ter for dairy processing and repairand maintenance services for agri-cultural machinery. (VZ-096)

Asociación Civil "La Escuela Es elBarrio," $24,158 over one year, tocofund with Petróleos de Venezuelathe expansion of a job-training andsmall-business technical assistanceprogram in a barrio of Cabimas, onthe eastern shore of Lake Maracaibo.(VZ-097)

22

FundaciOn para el Desarrollode la Region Centro Occidental(FUDECO), $52,000 over one year,to provide training/technical assis-tance to reduce the costs of basicfoods, and to enhance the quality ofsmall-business development pro-grams sponsored by other develop-ment organizalions, benefitingnearly 10,000 consumers in the Bar-quisimeto area. (VZ-098)

Centro Familiar de AprendizajeRural Campoflorido (CEFAR),$30,000 over one year, to establishan agricultural credit and technicalassistance program, benefiting30 agricultural-school graduates inten communities. (VZ-099)

AsociaciOn de Jubilados de la In-dustria Petrolera, Petroquimica yCarbonifera Nacional (AJIP),$30,000 over one year, to initiate aprogram of technical assistance andcredit for 27 small businesses in thePuerto Cabello area, benefiting fivecommunities and creating approxi-mately 100 new jobs. (VZ-100)

Corporaci6n Parque TecnológicoSartenejas (SARTENEJAS), $52,000over one year, to provide technicalassistance in food technology andbusiness administration to 75 small-scale producers of fruit preserves,candies, and pastries in El Corozoand El Furrial, Monagas State.(VZ-101)

Centro al Servicio de la AcciónPopular (CESAP), $52,695 over oneyear, to initiate a pilot training pro-gram tailored to the diverse require-ments of approximately 900 micro-entrepreneurs whose educationalneeds vary and whose businessesface distinct production and market-ing problems. (VZ-102)

SUPPLEMENTAL GRANTS OVER $10.000

FundaciOn para el Desarrolio Na-cional (FUDENA), $61,680, tostrengthen and expand programs ineconomic development and ecologi-cal research and education amongpoor people near the Cuare NaturalWildlife Reserve in westernVenezuela. ('VZ-074)

1993 IN REVIEW 19



COSTA RICAN EW GRANTS

Asociacián Consultores para la Inte-gración y Acción Regional (ACIAR),$62,000 over two years, to providecredit and technical assistance, train300 entrepreneurs in business man-agement and marketing, and help100 urban migrant families establishsmall businesses. (CI-1-298)

Centro Agricola Cantonal de ElGuarco, $59,000 over two years, toprovide training/technical assis-tance to 66 farmers, and establish aloan fund that will allow them topurchase agricultural supplies andeventually expand their vegetableand market-crop production by 30hectares. (CR-299)

Asociación de Pequerios y Media-nos Agricultores en DiversificaciOnAgricola de Cedral de Montes deOro (CEDRAL), $28,000 over twoyears, to purchase a truck and pro-vide technical and marketing assis-tance to 200 small-scale farmers,helping them to diversify their agri-cultural production into nut andfruit crops. (CR-300)

Asociación de Productores de Ran-cho La Paz, $32,000 over three years,to provide technical assistance to 32small-scale farmers; and to establisha revolving loan fund for cattle-raising and vegetable and fruit pro-duction. (CR-302)

Asociación de Pequerios Agricul-tores de la Florida, $39,000 overthree years, to provide technical as-sistance to 35 peasant farmers andestablish a revolving fund extendingloans of up to $1,000, increasingfarmers' plantain production byabout one hectare each. (CR-303)

Cooperativa de Caficultores deTilarn (COOPETILA), $49,000 overthree years, to install and operate aplant to process, package, and ex-port macadamia nuts produced by122 small-scale farmers. (CR-305)

2 0 INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION

Centro FCIllinista de InformacionICEFEMINA), based in San losé, CostaRica, offers professional support forzn)/7101 who are victinis of abuse. Here,President Ana Carcedo meets with staff!o update program activities. (Photo:

iguel Savago)

Asociaci6n Sociedad de Usuariosde Agua de San Bernardo deBagaces, $47,000 over four years, topurchase cattle and establish acheese-making facility, enabling 25small-scale farm families to processand market milk products. (CR-306)

Centro Agricola Cantonal deNicoya, $30,000 over two years, topurchase equipment and provideagricultural training/technical assis-tance, enabling 200 small-scalefarmers to increase their productionof melons, rice, beans, corn, andvegetables. (CR-307)

23

Asociación de Pequerios Agricul-tores de San Buenaventura, $40,000over three years, to build a plantand purchase equipment to processand market rice grown by 80 small-scale peasant farmers. (CR-308)

AsociaciOn de Productores/Exporta-dores de Mora y Frutales de Altura(APROCAM), $62,000 over twoyears, to package and sell (primarilyto export markets) wild blackberriesharvested by 220 peasant families.(CR-309)

Asociación de ProductoresAgropecuarios de Moravia Verde,$25,000 over three years, to buy 46head of cattle for producing milk,meat, and cheese to improve thediets and increase the incomes of 23peasant families. (CR-311)


Centro Feminista de Información yAcciOn (CEFEMINA), $20,000, toprovide educational and social as-sistance to 3,000 women throughoutCosta Rica who are victims of abuse.(CR-249)

Asociación para /a Defensa de losRecursos Naturales (CODECE),$30,000, to continue its program ofenvironmental education, research,and legal counsel. (CR-252)

Cooperativa Agropecuaria Indus-trial de la Peninsula de Nicoya(COOPEPENIN), $44,000, to pro-vide credit and technical assistanceto 560 farm families producingmarket crops and seedlings for re-forestation; and to buy a four-wheel-drive vehicle. (CR-255)

Asociación para el DesarrolloRural Integrado (ADRI), $99,000, toexpand a regional fund, serving 20new, small community groups seek-ing to improve local socioeconomicconditions and begin producingnontraditional agricultural crops.(CR-257)


Asociación de Desarrollo Agricolapara la Exportación (ADAPEX),512,000, to increase a revolving loanfund and complete construction of avegetable-processing facility, assist-ing 51 small-scale farmers to growand market miniature vegetables.kCR-260)

Asociación Pro-Fomento deProyectos Productivos de la Sub-Region de San Ram On(ASOPROSANRAMON), $20,000,to construct an office facility, allow-ing the association to improve ser-vices to its 350 microenterprise bor-rowers and improve its profile as afinancial institution for small busi-nesses. (CR-275)

Fundación Mujer (FUNMUIER),$45,000, to maintain support to 140low-income Nvomen in the form ofcredit, training, and technical assis-tance in microenterprise develop-ment. (CR-277)

Asociación de Agricultores Cam-pos Luna (ASCALL), $22,000, topurchase agricultural equipment toassist 25 ASCALU members and 200neighboring small-scale farmers toincrease their crop production.(CR-291)

EL SALVADORNEW GRANTS

Asociación Cooperativa de Produc-ción Agropecuaria "Union Comu-nal La Libertad" de R.L.(ACOPAUC), $72,239 over fiveYears, to purchase livestock, agricul-tural and veterinary supplies, agri-cultural machinery, and buildingmaterials needed to reactivate an810-hectare cattle ranch, benefiting43 cooperative members and theirfamilies. (ES-119)

Asociación Cooperativa de Produc-ción Agropecuaria "El Cave lito"de R.L. (Clavelito), $27,200 overthree years, to rehabilitate an eight-hectare coffee farm that will benefit25 farm workers and their families.(ES-121)

Corporación Fondo de Inversionesy Desarrollo Cooperativo(FIDECOOP), $171,000 over tour%.ears, to manage a regional fundproviding grants and loans up to55,000 to local development organi-/ations. (ES-122)

AsociaciOn Cooperativa de Aprovi-sionamiento y ProducciónAgropecuaria El Jicaro de R.L.(ACOPAEP, 565,300 over five Years,to improve and expand dairy opera-tions on the ACOPAEJ farm, raisingthe incomes of 288 cooperative mem-bers and their families. (ES-123)

Asociación Cooperativa de Aprovi-sionamiento Agropecuario San Se-bastián de R.L. (ACAASS), S81,100over three years, to establish revolv-ing loan funds for agricultural andcattle production and purchase in-v,!ntory for an agricultural supplystore, benefiting 120 cooperativemembers and their families.(ES-124)

Asociación Cooperativa de Ahorroy Crédito Comunal Agricola delParaiso de Osorio de R.L.(COPADE0), $233,200 over fiveyears, to maintain a regional fundthat provides grants and loans up to55,000 to local development organi-zations. (ES-125)

Asociación Cooperativa de Produc-ciOn Agropecuaria Campesina de laUni6n de R.L. (ACOPACAMUN),$89,000 over five years, to purchase52 head of cattle, establish 18 hectaresof pasture, and plant 18 hectares ofcashew trees to increase the incomesof 30 small-scale farmers and theirfamilies. (ES-126)

Asociación CooperativaAgropecuaria La Libertad de R.L.(ACALI), $34,100 over five years, toplant cashew trees on 18 I (2ctaresand cultivate cash crops on 36hecta. 2s to raise the incomes of 37small-scale farmers and their fami-lies. (6-127)

1)4

AsociaciOn Cooperativa de Produc-ción Agropecuaria La Granja deR.L. (ACOPALG), S68,600 over threeyears, to produce corn, sesame,squash, string beans, cucumbers,and. fodder on 21 hectares of landworked by small-scale farmers andtheir families. (ES-128)

Centro de OrientaciOn Radial de laMujer Salvadoreria (CORAMS),583,300 over two years, to train 50rural women and representatives ofnongovernmental organizations towork as community radio reporters,benefiting 75 low-income womenand their communities. (ES-129)

Asociación Cooperativa de Ahorro yCrédito Migueleria de R.L.(ACOMI), 5229,000 over five years,to manage a regional fund providinglocal development organizations withgrants/credit under $5,000. (ES-130)

Asociaci6n Cooperativa de Aprovi-sionamiento Agropecuario ComunalOmar de R.L. (ACAACO), $58,900over five years, to purchase 40 headof dairy cattle and establish 14.2hectares of pasture and 6.1 hectares ofcitrus, benefiting 38 small-scale farm-ers and their families. (6-131)

Asociación Cooperativa de Produc-ción Agropecuaria "El Triunfo deTacuba" de R.L., S41,000 over threeN;ears, to aid 27 small-scale farmersand their families in rejuvenating14 hectares of coffee trees and in cul-tivating citrus and eucalyptus on3.6 hectares. (ES-132)

AsociaciOn de Mujeres CampesinasSalvadorerias, $99,700 over threeyears, to improve management ad-ministrative systems and provide350 peasant women with credit forincome-generating activities.(ES-133)

AsociaciOn Comunidad Agrope-cuaria Campesina "Agua Escon-dida" R.S. (ACACAE), $49,500 overfour years, to purchase a truck and acorn shucker, sell agricultural ser-vices to its members and neighbors,and cultivate 10.5 hectares of orangetrees, benefiting 21 cooperativemembers and their families.(ES-134)

1993 IN REVIEW 21

Asociación Cooperativa Agroin-dustrial de Ilobasco de R.L.(ACOAGRD, $89,000 over three;ears, to expand an agriculturalsupply store. increase sales of agri-cultural products, and expand a re-volving loan fund for income-gener-ating activities, benefiting 53cooperative members and their fam-ilies. (ES-135)

Fundación Salvadorefia para el De-sarrollo de ta Mujer y el Nirio(FUNDEMUN), $171,500 over threeyears, to provide training/technicalassistance and credit for small busi-nesses operated by 200 low-incomewomen in rural areas. (ES-139)

OrganizaciOn de Mujeres Sal-vadorerias por la Paz (ORMUSA),$85,700 over three years, to organize20 self-help groups and providecredit for income-generating proj-ects benefiting 400 low-incomeurban women displaced by the war,many of them heads of household.(ES-140)

Federaci6n de Asociaciones Cooper-ativas de Ahorro y Credito de ElSalvador de R.L. (FEDECACES),$110,100 over three years, to providetraining/technical assistance, com-puter equipment, refurbished offices,and capital to six credit unions ren-dered insolvent by the war, provid-ing loans to their 1,500 credit unionmembers. (ES-141)


Unidad Ecológica Salvadoreria(UNES), $102,050, to continue activ-ities in community-based environ-mental education with 2,000 stu-dents and rural and urban residents.(ES-074)

Asociación Cooperativa de Aprovi-sionamiento de la Industria dePie les de Santa Ana de R.L.(ACAIPSA), $49,898, to establish ashoe factory and vocational trainingcenter, benefiting 30 artisanal shoe-makers and their families and 45unemployed youth. (ES-083)


AsociaciOn Arteatro (ARTEATRO),$22,000, to organize a Central Amer-ican theater festival to promote re-gional understanding and raisefunds to build its own theater, bene-fiting the company's 36 profession-als and their families. (ES-091)

HONDURASNEW GRANTS

Federación de Desarrollo Comuni-tario de Honduras (FEDECOH),578,650 over one year, to help ruralwomen increase their agriculturaland handicraft production, as wellas their savings, improving the liv-ing conditions of 1,792 peasant fami-lies in seven municipalities of west-ern Honduras. (110-202)

_aleadte

IMO... .

t-1

Apos

A Honduran farmer tends plastic-sheeted trenches that produce salt withsolar energy rather than firewood.CODDEFFAGOLF helps farmers likethis one to raise shrimp mul process saltto diversify incomes and preserve thefragile resource base of thc Gulf ofFonseca. (Photo: Patrick Breslin)

S 4o5

Escuela de Teatro Infantil "LucyOndina" (ONDINA), $30,000 overone year, to train 45 students fromthe poorest urban neighborhoods intheater skills and then present per-formances throughout the country,enriching the educational processthrough the performing arts.(H0-203)

Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo paraFomentar la Participación de laMujer Hondureria (UNISA),$137,600 over one year, to increaseby 800 the number of poor, urbanwomen served by a revolving loanfund for small-business initiatives,and strengthen and expand a net-work of community-level savings-and-loan associations controlled bythose women. (H0-204)

SOLITAS, $37,150 over one year, toprovide training in health, hygiene,literacy, organization, and small-production enterprise to 50 singlemothers working in or around thefive large marketplaces in the Tegu-cigalpa /Comayaguela metropolitanarea. (1-10-205)

Consejo de Instituciones Evangéli-cas de Desarrollo (CONSEDE),$24,000 over two years, to produceand print 1,000 copies of a practicalagricultural training guide to be usedby extension agents of ten Honduranprivate development organizations.( HO-206)


Instituto de Investigaciones Socio-Económicas (IISE), $41,730, to carryout in-country support services, in-cluding technical assistance andmonitoring, with development orga-nizations receiving funding from theIAF. (H0-157)

Centro Internacional de Informa-chin sobre Cultivos de Cobertura(CIDICCO), $58,100, to produce ad-ditional written material and an ed-ucational video on cover-crop agri-culture; and to amass and refine adatabase on that and other sustain-able agricultural techniques forsmall-scale farmers and develop-ment organizations in Hondurasand elsewhere. (H0-159)

PUTTING

1 Ile A,th de NIL ard.,,,Ita

)Y1\11(7/l) titAett the lead la.

coutbittittx maftwtrrtiam among thettatiatt' (.1111(Itett, malty at whom 1,104,

all adequate 4ource.of protein I ott.-.)onte 3,1)(10 t hadn't) Lac ted 'fail!, at the

48 .(4LIIIIIIIII1111/ Aitchetts ;et up Ill the

ltorrio, (It Mallaglia Old klihet

-.al/ 1)(1,111 toads, ttlaho, tortilla, I t

11It tOMM1111111/ 1.11(.1106. 1.111(117.1,,

eficourtNeil fo 0111711/ the -,otte

ftc 1l7i1qut" if (ood -vett,11414;

titterObtagnescs. (Photo', I- in ma

Rodriguoi)

Even before the sun peeks over the eastern horizon,Elba has the kindling blazing. Carefully she maneu-vers what appears to be a table on small wheels intoher patio to catch the sun's first rays. Then she placesa pot over the now glowing coals and stirs severalhandfuls of noodles into the simmering water. Hum-ming, she follows her morning routine of preparingan array of foods to be sold later that day from herhome or at a small stand in the local street market.

Elba's routine is mirrored by scores of other womenoperating their own microbusinesses in Managua andother cities throughout Nicaragua. Although the dishesthey prepare varyfrom fried patties called tortas, tobaked goods, to sweet dessertsall are made with soy-beans as their main ingredient. Each woman wastrained to prepare and market these nutritional foodsby SOYNICA, the Asociación Soya de Nicaragua.

Elba and her compafieras graduated from SOYNICA'sCentro de Educación, Procesamiento y Mercadeo delFrijol Soya. The Centro, funded by the Inter-AmericanFoundation, offers a cluster of interrelated services thatinclude a series of one-day workshops held throughoutthe year for women vendors. But this is only one stepin the ladder the Centro is building to improve thecountry's dietary regimen. Its fully equipped food-pro-cessing facility prepares many of the basic soy-basedingredients the women use for cooking, and which theCentro also markets to restaurants, supermarkets, andgovernment-run kitchens. Training and marketing arebuttiessed by informational materials prepared byCentro staff that describe both the nutritional and eco-nomic benefits of consuming soy-based foods.

SOYNICA originated nearly 15 years ago when agroup of women volunteers decided to confront thegrowing malnutrition among children in Managua'spoorest neighborhoods. It soon became evident that aprimary cause for many children's health problemswas the lack of a protein source that was affordableand nonperishable.

After considering several alternatives, the womenconcluded that soy-based products were most suit-able since they could be easily stored and made into avariety of foods already part of the national diet. Itwould also provide a domestic market for farmers inthe western departments of Leem and Chinandegawho were introducing soybeans to replace cotton, theonce-dominant cash crop that was becoming toocostly to produce.

From this informal beginning, an extensive infra-structure of programs has evolved. Today SOYNICAoperates 48 community kitchens in the barrios ofManagua and other cities to provide nutritionally bal-anced meals to 3,000 children daily. The feeding cen-ters also give classes to neighborhood mothers onchild nutrition, prenatal care, and self-esteem. To ex-pand the campaign against malnutrition, SOYNICA isnow working alongside the Ministry of Education

1,-0)1

RAL MERICA PROFICE PROJECT

and Nicaragua's public welfare institute to train theirdietary staffs and introduce nutrition into the curricu-lum at eight public schools.

One of the community-feeding centers gave Elbaher opportunity. Widowed with small children, shewas struggling to feed her family properly when sheheard about the SOYNICA kitchen opening in her bar-rio. She signed her children up and soon found herselfpreparing meals and serving the 80 children fed dailyat the center. Curious about the foods she was prepar-ing, Elba attended a SOYNICA workshop on how tocook and sell soy-based foods to her neighbors.

The workshop also opened the door to all ofSOYNICA's programs. Elba learned to operate thesolar oven she rolls into her patio each sunny morn-ing. Hearing about the vitamin and mineral supple-ment SOYNICA is extracting from green plant leaves,she discovered how it could be added to the recipesfor many of the desserts and drinks she sells from herhome and small market stall.

Elba is but one of the thousands whose lives havebeen changed through SOYNICA. The list includes, ofcourse, the children and mothers who are fed nutri-tious meals each day. But it also includes the peopleproducing soybean extracts; the neighborhood ven-dors who earn their livelihoods cooking with these

products; the supermarkets, restaurants, and otherpublic eateries that have a broader range of items fortheir shelves and menus; and the farmers who have agrowing demand for their harvest.

"Soy nica" is a colloquialism that declares thespeaker's pride in being Nicaraguan. SOYNICA putsthat pride into practice by helping the country'swomen to raise family incomes and to put more nutri-tious foods on the family table. (NC-182)

Wilbur T. Wright, Jr.

Above: Norma 1.ópez, ii t'oluidivr for .(4 ).Y1\11C th,,plays

het ,;pinac h tritters'durilfc; our of SOYNICA'straining at a total (ommunitu tenter. SO1 MCA

ohinteers tirceloji a WIlk.e iq pride frmn PICW

PC(10'5,1110 4kI1b-: through zvorktng with other womTii to

,,repare, and ar,tri/Cute meak.tor!Alt: I lealth promoter 1thel Almitalhan toi&, the high protein{,uitcul'ot ,ou, and hold a Hca. Ihpait «mlcritratc that Ianiv added to (1110,-4 1 tipplenicHt (rhoto,,

Illt-na Rodry,otv)

OFFICE FOR OENTRAL AMERICA4

Proyecto Aldea Global (PAG),$84,900, to carry out the final activi-ties of a decade-long effort to im-prove living conditions, raise pro-duction, and introduce cash treecrops to over 500 Lenca Indian fami-lies in 22 isolated communities ofthe Be len Gualcho area in south-western Honduras. (HO-180)

Asociación Nacional Campesina(ACAN), $105,000, to train peasantleaders, provide agricultural exten-sion services, and expand a nation-wide peasant organization servingover 12,000 peasant families.(HO-184)

Instituto para el Desarrollo Hon-dureiio (IDH), $132,200, to expand arevolving loan fund for groups ofsmall-scale farmers and open a re-gional office serving the northernpart of the country. (H0-185)

Ayuda Mundial Episcopal Hon-durefia (AMEH), $70,000, to assist269 farm families organized in 20producer groups in northern Hon-duras with training, credit, im-proved agricultural techniques,farm machinery, marketing, andcommunity health campaigns.(H0-187)

Hermandad de Honduras, $52,500,to support credit and agriculturalextension programs in 28 rural com-munities of western Honduras.(H0-191)

Comae Coordinador Inter-Institucional de Desarrollo(PROINTEGRAL), $242,423, to co-ordinate, support, and document ef-forts by its eight affiliated grassrootsorganizations, helping 30,000 LencaIndians in 22 isolated rural villagesof central Honduras gain water,health, literacy, social, production,environmental, and marketing ser-vices. (H0-193)

Comité para la Defensa y Desa-rrollo de la Flora y Fauna del Golfode Fonseca (CODDEFFAGOLF),$71,000, to provide technical assis-tance in agricultural, shrimp, andsolar-salt production in 120 coastalcommunities; and to introduce eco-tourism in the environmentally frag-ile Gulf of Fonseca. (H0-194)

Escuela Técnica de Artes y Oficiosde Occidente (ETA00), $36,500, totrain 300 young people in carpentry,electricity, automobile mechanics,ceramics, sewing, wood working,and small-enterprise administration.(H0-196)

NICARAGUANEW GRANTS

Coopirativa José Dolores Hernán-dez, $94,070 over four years, to pur-chase livestock, agricultural and vet-erinary supplies, and buildingmaterials to reactivate a 94-hectarecoffee farm that will be worked by35 cooperative members and theirfamilies. (NC-171)

Centro para la ParticipaciónDemocritica y el Desarrollo(CENZONTLE), $384,000 over threeyears, to train 58 cooperatives (1,354families) of the Segovia region inbusiness management and organiza-tional development, establish asmall-projects loan fund, and helpthe co-ops get better prices for theircattle and crops. (NC-178)

Cooperativa de Ahorro y CréditoCardenal Miguel Obando y Bravo,556,000 over two years, to establisha revolving fund enabling the groupto make small loans to its member-ship of 170 market vendors; and tocover the first three months of ad-ministrative costs. (NC-179)

Cooperativa de Ahorro y Créditode La Paz Centro R.L., $102,000over three years, to replenish the re-volving loan fund of a savings-and-loan cooperative with a membershipof 130 small-scale entrepreneurs inthe agricultural region of La PazCentro. (NC-180)

28

Union de Cooperativas Agrope-cuarias Santos Reyes Ponce Gradizdel Valle de Jalapa (UCA Jalapa),$154,800 over three years, to estab-lish a working-capital fund for mar-keting basic grains and a loan fundfor women's projects; and to financemarket studies and experimentswith nontraditional crops to help1,479 small-scale farm families di-versify local agriculture. (NC-181)

Asociaci6n Soya de Nicaragua(SOYNICA), $69,430 over 18months. See box on page 23.(NC-182)

Centro de Estudios para el Desar-rollo Económico y Social (CEDES),$55,000 over one year, to providetraining/technical assistance andmaterial resources to 500 small-scalefarmers in the department of Mata-galpa, enabling them to undertaketheir own agriculture extension ser-vices. (NC-183)

Cooperativa de ProducciónAgropecuaria La Union, R.L. (LaUnion), $67,000 over three years, toprovide training/technical assis-tance in animal nutrition, pastureimprovement, and management;and to create a production fund forthe purchase, raising, and sale ofcattle as a way to increase incomesof the 16 members and their 93 de-pendents. (NC-184)

Asociaci6n para el Apoyo de laNueva Familia en Nicaragua(IXCHEN), $97,360 over one year, totrain and equip 70 promoters provid-ing a variety of services in nutrition,preventive medicine, and careercounseling to 14,000 families in ruralcommunities near IXCHEN's six re-gional centers. (NC-185)

Centro de lntercambio Cultural yTécnico (CICUTEC), $63,690 overtwo years, to make available moreinformation about environmentallysustainable agriculture to 98 inter-ested organizations in Nicaraguaand Central America through meet-ings and seminars, research, pub-lished materials, electronic mail, andan improved library. (NC-186)

1993 IN REVIEW 25


Asociación de Consultores para elDesarrollo de la Pequeria, Medianay Microempresa (ACODEP),$66,000, to extend a training/techni-cal assistance and credit program to100 small and midsize businessesand microenterprises in CiudadSandino, a satellite suburb ofManagua. (NC-150)

0.

,A

Centro de Promoci6n de laRehabilitación Integral (CEPRI),$108,595, to expand its present pro-gram to include training activitiesfor 220 individuals with spinal cordinjuries and for 60 nurses and physi-cal therapists; specialized vocationalassistance for 25 individuals; andcounseling and public relations for16 regional promoters. (NC-156)

4

"

4


Cooperativa Agropecuaria deProducción "Hilario SanchezVisquez," $56,438, to purchase 37hectares of pasture land, constructfive high-capacity water-catchmentponds, produce freshwater fish, andirrigate 62 reforested hectares, gen-erating income and protecting thearea's watershed. (NC-161)

Centro de Promoción del Desa-rrollo Local y Superación de laPobreza (CEPRODEL), $244,485, toincrease an in-country fund thatprovides small grants and loans tolocal development organizations inthe region. (NC-163)

PANAMAN EW GRANTS

Cooperativa Agro-Industrial deServicios Multiples, R.L. (CAICHI),$152,000 over two years, to purchaserice-processing and storage installa-tions to improve marketing returns;to increase membership services toover 178 rice producers; and to ex-tend services to 200 additionalsmall-scale farmers. (PN-189)

Cooperativa Salinera de ServiciosMultiples Marin Campos R.L.,$127,000 over two years, to expandsalt-production activities as a way tohelp 168 small-scale producers im-prove their standard of living.(PN-204)

Enos Machuco (left), in charge ofcentral administration, providesstockboy Dorindo d'Croz with a list ofmerchandise to be distributed that dayat the co-op's main warehouse. Thewarehouse and an outlet annex wereestablished by the Asociacidn de Micro,Pequenos i Medianos Empresarios deVeraguas (APEMEVE) to cut coststhrough bulk storage and wholesalepurchasing for its 180 affiliated smallbusinesses in Panama. APEMEVE alsosupports its members by coordinatingmarketing and transportation services.(Photo: Emma Rodriguez)

29 KU COM MAW

Asentamiento Santa Cruz (SantaCruz), $51,380 over two years, toimprove cattle production and ex-pand their operations by raisingdairy cows; and to establish a refor-estation project for 38 cooperativemembers and approximately 120 in-direct beneficiaries. (PN-205)

Cooperativa de Servicios MUltiplesLa Alanjefta, R.L. (LA ALANJENA),$63,970 over two years, to provideagricultural inputs, technical assis-tance, and marketing services to co-operative members; and to establishan agricultural supply store, benefit-ing 63 small farmers in ChiriquiProvince. (PN-207)

Cooperativa Pesca Virgen del Car-men de Pedasi, R.L., $70,942 overtwo years, to purchase a vehicle,three new fishing boats, and relatedequipment, and construct a multi-purpose activity center so the co-opcan begin fish processing and im-prove production and marketing.(PN-210)

Asentamiento Libertad Revolu-cionaria (LIBERTAD), $39,523 overtwo years, to improve cattle produc-tion and pasture land, begin fresh-water fish production, and establisha reforestation project, supportingprograms for 20 peasant familiesand approximately 120 indirect ben-eficiaries. (PN-212)

Asociación de Micro, Pequeflos yMedianos Empresarios de Vera-guas (APEMEVE), $118,032 overtwo years, to establish a wholesaleoutlet and distribution service for its180 members who manage smallbusinesses and microenterprises inVeraguas Province. (PN-213)

Club 45 Juventud Progresista (Club4S), $14,910 over two years, to estab-lish a revolving credit fund to finance16 hectares of grain and vegetableproduction, four aquaculture proj-ects, and 13 small-animal projectsthat will increase annual incomes of18 families and an estimated 108 in-direct beneficiaries. (PN-214)

Patronato Nacional de la JuventudRural Panameña (PANAJURU),$209,800 over four years, to providetraining in agriculture/livestockproduction and marketing, healthand nutrition, leadership, organiza-tion, and business management forsome 800 subsistence fanners andtheir families in ten communities ofVeraguas Province. (PN-215)

Cooperativa de Servicios Multiplesde Union Progresista, R.L.(GUAYABAL), $212,376 over fiveyears, to establish a loan/grant fundfor self-help business ventures insuch areas as agriculture, microen-terprise, and natural-resource man-agement; and to provide manage-ment and financial training tosmall-scale entrepreneurs. (PN-216)

Grupo de Ciencia y Tecnologiapara el Desarrollo (GRUCITED),$243,030 over five years, to establisha loan/grant fund for self-help busi-ness ventures in agriculture, micro-enterprise, and natural-resourcemanagement by poor communityassociations, cooperatives, andsmall-scale farmer groups, benefit-ing 800 people in Chiriqui andBocas del Toro provinces. (PN-217)

Cooperativa de Servicios MultiplesLa Providencia, R.L. (La Providen-cia), $40,450 over two years, to pur-chase new production equipmentand a vehicle for its bakery; and tohire technical consultants to im-prove its products, administration,and marketing, with increased prof-its targeted for a cooperative hous-ing project. (PN-219)

Asentamiento Campesino NuevoPorvenir (PORVENIR), $18,120over two years, to increase and im-prove cattle and agricultural pro-duction and provide training/tech-nical assistance in organization andmanagement for 14 families and ap-proximately 65 indirect beneficia-ries. (PN-220)

30


junta Agraria "25 de Diciembre"(25 de Diciembre), $14,541, to fundchicken and swine projects andplant five hectares of crops and twoof tree seedlings; to reconstruct fourhouses and build ten latrines; and tocontract technical assistance for thecommunity store, benefiting ap-proximately 125 people. (PN-157)

Cooperativa de Ahorro y Créditode la Uni6n Nacional de Pequefiasy Medianas Empresas "RubenReyna Pupo" R.L. (CACPYMER),$172,300, to expand the outreach ofits training/technical assistance andcredit program, providing loans tomore than 75 microenterprisesmost of them family-owned busi-nesses. (PN-158)

Asociación de Productores dePalmira Arriba (ASPROPA),$12,000, to initiate a small agricul-tural supply store, increase itsproduction-credit fund, and marketthe vegetable production of its 35members to help them increaseyields beyond subsistence levels.(PN-167)

Cooperativa de Ahorro y Créditode la Union Nacional de Pequenasy Medianas Empresas "RubenReyna Pupo," R.L. (CACPYMER),$126,000, to continue support to anin-country fund providing smallgrants/loans of up to $5,000 to low-income urban community organiza-tions for locally initiated develop-ment activities. (PN-171)

Asociación Barretas Café-Progresoand Cooperativa de ServiciosMultiples "Union Campesina" deBurrica, $12,100, to establish a mi-crocredit fund for agricultural diver-sification; and to provide skillstraining for 97 members, who aresmall-scale coffee growers. (PN-173)

1993 IN REVIEW 27

OFFICE FOR GUATEMALA,MEXICO, AND THE CARIBBEAN

BELIZEN EW G RANTS

Youth Enhancement Services Pro-gram (YES), $17,375 over one year, toestablish a pastry-making and cake-decorating business; and to train 20underprivileged young women inbaking, business, and administrativeskills and help them establish similarbusinesses. (BE-103)

Belize Youth Conservation Corps(BYCC), $28,750 over one year, toorganize an employment and train-ing program that will train approxi-mately 40 young men and women(ages 16-20) in sustainable resourceuse and natural-resource manage-ment through work on conservationprojects. (BE-104)

Corozal South Soybean ProducersCooperative (CSSPC), $98,200 overone year, to construct a seed dryerand storage room and provide 24members with training/technical as-sistance in soybean and basic grainproduction and marketing. (BE-105)

Comité de Servicio Cristiano enAgricultura y Salud (CSCAS),$40,950 over one year, to establish ahuman-resource development cen-ter, train 40 community leaders, anddevelop a demonstration farm topromote sustainable agriculture andpreventive medicine among 600farm families in the Orange Walkand Corozal districts. (BE-106)

Belize Enterprise for SustainedTechnology (BEST), $50,000 overone year, to establish and administera loan/grant fund that will supportthe self-help efforts undertaken byorganizations of small-scale farmers,low-income communities, marginalsectors, or those involved in natural-resource management. (BE-107)


.c

Attacking problems before they beconrunmanageable. MGRR assists KekchfIndians in Guatemala to improve healththrough preventive care, and trainscampesinos to switch from slash-and-burn to sustainable productionmethods. Here, farmers clear bit handtheir first field to test the new ideas forthemselves. (Photo: Sean Sprague)


Belize Federation of CooperativeAgriculture Societies Limited,$126,000, to sustain training/techni-cal assistance and credit services tonine member cooperatives as theyseek to better administer their orga-nizations; increase, upgrade, and di-versify their production; and imple-ment more-profitable marketingstrategies. (BE-100)

DOMINICASUPPLEMENTAL GRANTS OVER $10.000

National Pig Producers Coopera-tive Society, Ltd. (NPPC), $13,315,to continue extension services andpurchase equipment allowing itsmembership of 150 small-scalefarmers and livestock producers toexpand a pilot meat-processing andmarketing service. (D0-105)

DOMINICAN REPUBLICNEW GRANTS

Parroquia Maria Auxiliadora,Comité de Promoción Progreso delos Pueblos (CPPP), $150,000 overthree years, to provide potablewater systems, preventive healthcare, credit for small-scale live-stockproduction, and literacy andorganizational-management train-ing to over 3,000 people in 16 com-munities of the Jarabacoa Valley.(DR-247)

Fundación Dominicana para laSolidaridad (AYUDEMONOS),$65,000 over two years, to conductleadership and community-development training and folkloreworkshops for 150 representativesfrom community membership orga-nizations, and provide follow-uptechnical assistance. (DR-248)

3 1 IST COPY mum

Centro de Promoción Campesina(LEMBA), $49,000 over two years,to assist 104 families in clearing sixhectares of land for a pilot farm, in-stalling an irrigation system, andproducing and marketing plantains,honey. vegetables, and fruits.(DR-250)

Instituto Dominicano para la Pre-vención y Asistencia a la Depre-sión y el Suicidio (INDESUI),$116,329 over three years, to create apilot community-based health edu-cation program serving some 6,700residents of two low-income neigh-borhoods of Santo Domingo and in-volving over 500 public health pro-fessionals and volunteers. (DR-255)

Centro de Orientación e Investi-gación Integral (COIN), $50,000over two years, to apply a self-helptraining and education model to thetask ot improving the health andbroadening the economic opportu-nities of 6,400 disadvantaged urbanwomen, many of whom are prosti-tutes. (DR-256)

Cooperativa de Servicios MUltiplesVallejuelo, Inc. (VALLEJUELO),$100,000 over three years, to expandits agricultural processing, market-ing, supply, and consumer store op-erations to better serve 1,000 areahouseholds and increase profitabil-ity. (DR-257)

MGRR also manages a credit and grantfund for self-help projects by small-scalefarmer organizations and theirmembers, such as this one in Rio Du lee.Some efforts boost yields to improvefood security and nutrition levels.Others focus on marketing to increasefamily incomes, or improve natural-resource management to prevent soilerosion and protect water supplies.(Photo: Sean Sprague)

Asociación Ti.I, Mujer, Inc. (Tt,MUJER), $136,423 over two years,to provide 634 loans to 359 microen-terprises, create or consolidate 718jobs, fund 20 hydroponic gardens,and conduct ten small-businesstraining sessions for 379 participantsin low-income neighborhoods ofnortheastern Santo Domingo.(DR-258)

Centro de Solidaridad para el De-sarrollo de la Mujer (CE-MUJER),$77,600 over one year, to expandorganization-building work among4,000 low-income rural and urbanwomen; and to provide credit,training/technical assistance, andeducational services in production,marketing, health, and culture.(DR-259)

4.

AStir

yVet,

.4"Celfra'r't

32

Centro de Promoción Social "SanJuan Bautista," $50,000 over twoyears, to buy equipment and pro-vide working capital to expand acement-block factory, creating tennew jobs and generating income forthe center's community develop-ment activities among 1,000 low-income members of 48 organiza-tions in Pimentel, Duarte Province.(DR-260)

Consejo de Fundaciones Americanasde Desarrolio (SOLIDARIOS),$11,960 over three months, to send 40participants from Dominican non-governmental organizations to thesecond Latin American seminar onfund-raising in Santo Domingo.(DR-261)

SUPPLEMENTAL GRANTS OVER $10400

Junta de Asociaciones Campesinasde Samaná (JACASA), $25,705, toimplement a 12-month institutional-development process encompassingtraining in needs assessment, plan-ning and management, monitoringand evaluation, community motiva-tion, and conflict resolution; and toundertake ten feasibility studies ofsmall income-generating projects.(DR-204)

Radio Marién, $35,708, to supportrural development training, exten-sion, and credit assistance to 30small-scale farmers' associationsand 35 women's and youth groups.(DR-210)

Centro Regional de Estudios deAlternativas Rurales (CREAM,$63,490, to continue training of arearesidents as "barefoot agronomists";and to provide training and exten-sion services to over 600 small-scalefarmers and agricultural profession-als associated with grassroots sup-port organizations and public sectorinstitutions throughout the country.(DR-214)

1993 IN REVIEW 29

Fundación Desiderio Gómez(FDG), $35,000, to continue thetraining of approximately 40 in-structors who will staff fourvocational-skills training centers inthe northwest region of the country.(DR-226)

GUATEMALANEW GRANTS

ALTERTEC, $185,500 over one year,to organize training for small-scalefarmers and extensionists; to pro-mote model farms that improveagricultural production and ecologi-cal equilibrium by identifying andadapting alternative technologies;and to develop a marketing strategyfor organic crops. (GT-230)

Asociación de Directivos deComités de Desarrollo San MartinJilotepeque, $50,750 over one year,to train 25 extensionists in organicagriculture and soil conservationtechniques, plant 100,000 trees, im-plein.:nt soil conservation on 12hectares, and produce 9.1 metrictons of organic fertilizer, benefiting400 small-scale indigenous produc-ers. (GT-231)

Asociación Guatemalteca para laFamilia de las Américas(AFAguatemala), $87,700 over 18months. See box on page 31.(GT-232)

Asociación de Cooperación para elDesarrollo Rural de Occidente(CDRO), $68,400 over one year, toupgrade the skills of some 2,000artisans, stimulate agricultural di-versification among Totonicapan'ssmall-scale producers, and imple-ment 85 community-based produc-tion and infrastructure projects.(GT-233)



Movimiento Guatemalteco de Re-construcci6n Rural (MGRR),$48,500, to continue implementationof organizational, educational,health, and production/market-ing/credit programs with 8,00GKekchi Indians in the municipalityof Livingston. (GT-173)

Instituto Indigena de Varones"Santiago" (SANTIAGO), $28,750,to continue implementation of an al-ternative education program andenlarge metalwork, carpentry, tailor-ing, baking, and organic agricultureprograms. (GT-178)

Asociación Fe y Alegria (FE yALEGRIA), $10,000, to increase theadministrative capacity of the cen-tral office to address demands cre-ated by the Chiantla technical train-ing center and the other regionalcenters' informal education activi-ties. (GT-187)

Movimiento Guatemalteco de Re-construcci6n Rural (MGRR),$193,500, to continue the operationof a loan and grant fund supportingself-help efforts by small-scalefarmer organizations and low-income community groups, as wellas supporting natural-resourcemanagement. (GT-202)

Escuela Superior de Educación In-tegral Rural (ESEDIR), $203,625, tocontinue skills training of 40 experi-enced primary-school teachers insuch areas as agriculture, animalhusbandry, accounting, and populareducation, enabling them to func-tion as promoters of their communi-ties' socioeconomic development.(GT-217)

Asociación de Pequerios Caficul-tores de Guatemala (AS-PECAGUA), $114,350, to providemember organizations with thecredit and training/technical assis-tance they need to attain the qualityand quantity of coffee required be-fore ASPECAGUA can implementits marketing strategy. (GT-219)

3 34' It=

Asociachin de Agricultores para elDesarrollo Rachoquel (APADER),$53,250, to continue organizational,administrative, and agriculturaltraining for 23 committees and eightcommunity councils; to help orga-nize and train an additional 13 com-mittees, four composed of women;and to establish a loan fund forsmall community projects. (GT-220)

Fundación para la Educaci6n yDesarrollo Comunitario(FUNDACEDC0), $26,325, to pro..vide five affiliated community asso-ciations with skills training/techni-cal assistance in organizationaldevelopment and administration,organic agriculture, and preventive/herbal medicine. (GT-223)

Empresa de Consultoria en Ecotec-nologia (ECOTEC), $20,750, to pro-vide training/technical assistance totwo groups of small-scale, lowlandcoffee producers in El Chilar and LaCeiba to help them switch from cof-fee to wood production. (GT-224)

Fundaci6n para el Desarrollo Inte-gral de Programas Socioeconórnicos(FUNDAP), $30,350, to continue itsworkshops on the safe and produc-tive use of electricity in 16 recentlyelectrified highland communities;and to continue its craft-specifictraining/technical assistance in basicadministrative and marketing skills.(GT-227)

Asociación Pro Agua del Pueblo(ADP), $274,400, to continue imple-mentation of a sustainable develop-ment program involving some 50communities; to assist six rural com-munities (2,900 people) withpotable-water installations, andplant 2,000 trees as part of eachwater project; and to reforest areasthat are water sources for 29 addi-tional communities. (GT-228)

.16-Lit

494

I "2.

The simple but effective designAFAguatemala has chosen holds downcosts, avoids distribution sna,p, andopens new job opportunities since localarHsans can make the primary ceranric .

corhponents. top: Manuel Chen de Pazbegins the process of making a filter bykneading the clay with sand, feldspar,anitsawdust to make it porous. The

Olen anilded Mid fired. Middle:AlfoiNo Mafia, arhis pot ter'q wheel.

tale of the outer .reserivirs.13t)ttom: Manuel Chen de Paz ins(,rts a

_water filter iiito one of the manyreerpoirs which will then be shipped totlw capital citw. There the Olt ('N Will be

onpregnated with a colloidal silver thatenables them to eliminate bacterm tnonwater ,tored in the container A /ter apiszot i attached, ilw re,,ermir writ berf.ada tor honk' Fin ma

Wrirk-tt

".

I h Col orticip

La Soledad, a village of 180 families in the southernprovince of Suchitepequez, is not alone. It shares aproblem with thousands of other communitiesthroughout the Guatemalan countryside. Its drinkingwater is contaminated and not fit to drink. An esti-mated 5 4 million of the country's 9 2 million peopleface a similar dilemma.

Daniel Lucas, a corn-and-beans subsistence farmer,has lived in La Soledad all his life. As president of thecommunity's development committee and the grand-father of eight children under the age of five, he wasconcerned and puzzled by the high incidence of in-fant mortality from diarrhea! disease, and with thefrequent bouts of lingering illness that incapacitatedadults during the growing season The last thing hewould suspect would be the water supply since thecommunity had installed a system that put spigots in150 homes. Like everyone else in La Soledad, he pre-sumed all piped water was potable

In early 1993, AFAguatemalaa private, nonprofitassociation of health professionalsstarted a familyeducation program in the village When its testsshowed the water supply was contaminated,AFAguatemala asked Lucas to help his communityorganize a pilot project that could solve La Soledad'sproblem and lead the way for other commuruties tosolve their water problems

AFAguatemala had recently learned about a five-gallon water punfication system that had been devel-oped by the Guatemala-based Instituto Centroamen-cano de Investigacicin y Tecnologia Industrial(ICAITI) The system has three ceramic components. a

BEST COPY WM

' A.

. IA t .410 * r ****Nifia b. . , 4.,

lid, a filter, and a reservoir with a spigot. While the lidand reservoir are clay, the filter is composed of a mix-ture of clay and other substances to make it porous.Then the filter is impregnated with a colloid of chemi-cals that have been proven, through laboratory test-ing, to be effective in purification I he filters have auseful life of approximately a year and can be re-placed at a cost of $8

While the technology was attractive, several doubtsremained. Water filters have been around forever, butthey seemed impractical for widespread use becausethey were priced beyond the means of the poor andoften not readily available What pleasedAFAguatemala about this punfication system wasthat the technology seemed well within the reach oflocal artisans who could produce it easily and eco-nomically once they received the pioper training.

That left a second doubt. The tec'inology was newto campesinos, and lack of information about properhygiene and the motivation to change behavior couldrender the technology useless Users, for example,must be careful to wash their hands before touchingfilters to avoid contaminating them WhatAFAguatemala did not know, and what La C-oledadcould help them find out, was whether people couldsustain hygienic practices in using the filter both con-sistently and effectively in their daily lives

To set up the pilot project, AFAguatemala requestedfinancial support from the Inter-Amencan Founda-tion to train arty ans to make the filters and to educateinterested families in their use. In the pilot effort, thecooperation of community leaders like Lucas wasvital if the program was to enlist popular support InMarch 1993, he began each morning by visiting the140 families in La Soledad who had children underthe age of five and were hooked up to the commumtywater system. He helped them fill out questionnairesto determine who would be willing and able to partic-ipate in the project. Then, each afternoon he attendeda course on nutrition, health, and the family, in whichhe learned how to explain the advantages of the filterand its proper use.

In October 1993, Lucas, with AFAguatemala's assis-tance, gave a workshop on hygiene and filter use to70 La Soledad mothers. At the end of '-he course,AFAguatemala explained that, to test he effectivenessof the training and the water filter, community mom-tors would visit participa, mg families on a monthlybasis, noting the health and weight of all childrenunder five The monitors would also visit a number offamilies in La Soledad who were not tiing the pack-aged water purification system, recording similar sta-tistics for their children. AFAguatemala's hypothesisis that meaningful health results depend on familieshaving access not only to the water filters, but also tohygiene and filter-use training.

In November 1993, AFAguatemala distributed 350water purification systems in La Soledad and fourother rural communities. Results of the 350 families'experience testing the user-friendliness and effective-ness of the system should show if it has promise ofbeing an economical and practical way of meetingGuatemala's need for potable water, while providinga new market for artisans. If all goes well, Lucas andAFAguatemala will have a project that would be wel-come news for communities far beyond the country'sborders. (GT-232)

........

_1101r-

William M. Barbieri

aJMOL .11111111.1.

A.AF .1, A", I ,f

OFFICE FOR GUATEMALA. MEXICO. AND THE CARIBBEAN

HAITINEW GRANTS

Asosyasyon Ayisyen AjansBenevol (HAVA), $288,448 over twoyears, to continue providing legalinformation, training, and counselto community groups throughoutHaiti; and to train 50 to 70 newcommunity-based paralegals aslocal resources for informal conflictresolution, family law, and otherlegal matters. (HA-157)

Centre de Promotion des FemmesOuvrières (CPFO), $22,430 over twoyears, to carry out an education,training, and consultation programin literacy, civics, and women'shealth for some 1,500 women fac-tory workers. (IIA-159)

A;;osyasyon Animate Ed Legal(ASEL), S63,244 over two years, tosponsor training and educationseminars for 63 members and for160 new grassroots paralegal work-ers; and to implement a calendar oforganizational meetings aimed. atimproving program coordinationand information flow. (HA-160)

VETERIMED, $67,965 over 15months, to enable an association ofveterinary and agronomic profes-sionals to train 80 community-basedveterinary agents and launch a vac-cination campaign against parasiticinfections and Newcastle diseaseamong peasant-owned livestock.(HA-161)


Comité Haitien de Développement(CHADEV), $116,000, to augmentsupport to a small-grant fund and tosponsor training/technical assistanceseminars in project management andadministration for grassroots groupleaders and managers. (HA-129)

Asosyasyon Peyizan Agrikilte deBonbadopolis (APAB), $13,550, tocontinue support for an education,training, and credit program that ishelping 75 women in membergroups to undertake small-scalemarketing of food, dry goods, andre!ated products. (HA-142)

Asosyasyon Ayisyen Ajans Bene-vol, $60,000, to continue the consor-tium's program of credit, technicalassistance, and training among ap-proximately 30 grassroots groups in-volved in income generation linkedmainly to small-scale agriculturalproduction, processing, and market-ing. (HA-145)

JAMAICANEW GRANTS

Institute of Social and EconomicResearch USER), $22,644 over sixmonths, to sponsor the participationof IAF fellows in the annual confer-ence of the Caribbean Studies Asso-ciation; and to organize conferencesite visits to the development proj-ects of Jamaican community-basedorganizations and nongovernmentalorganizations. (JA-100)

Polly Ground Outreach Committee(PGOC), $11,315 over one year, tosponsor a skills-training and job-placement program in home man-agement and culinary arts for ap-proximately 60 unemployedwomen, many of whom head single-parent households. (JA-101)

SUPPLEMENTAL GRANTS OVER 510.000

St. Mary Development Project(SMDP), $23,560, to expand its on-going work with grassroots groupsin the Annotto Bay are providingtechnical assistance and resourcesfor small-scale, community-basedprojects in agricultural-producemarketing, group organization, re-forestation, and irrigation. (JA-096)

Bluefields People's CommunityAssociation (BPCA), $33,000, tosponsor a vocational-training andbusiness-management program toenable 13 low-income, primarilysingle-parent women to organizethemselves into a production team;and to create and sustain a worker-managed cottage industry for creat-ing apparel. (JA-097)

36

MEXICONEW GRANTS

Asesoria Técnica a ComunidadesOaxaqueiias, A.C. (ASETECO),$78,648 over 18 months, to providecommunity organizations in sixOaxacan regions with training/tech-nical assistance in business adminis-tration for forest/ y and women's en-terprises, benefiting over 1,500indigenous persons. (ME-365)

Grupo de Estudios Ambientales(GEA), $42,258 over one year, to col-laborate with the council of Nahriupeoples of the Upper Balsas on anatural-resource management planthat will articulate local develop-ment needs and opportunities andidentify sustainable developmentprojects that the communities canimplement. (ME-366)

Centro de Estudios para el Cambioen el Campo Mexicano (CECCAM),$75,523 over one year, to organizediscussions for over 200 peasantleaders and advisors on small-scalehorticulture, coffee production,community forestry, and agricul-tural credit. (ME-367)

Estudios Rurales y Asesoria, A.C.(ERA), $133,032 over 18 months, tocarry out a training/technical assis-tance program in sustainable forestmanagement for community organi-zations in three states; and to de-velop Mexican standards for sus-tainable timber harvesting formarketing purposes. (ME-368)

Centro de Apoyo al MovimientoPopular de Oaxaca (CAMPO),S120,900 over one year, to providetraining/technical assistance in theproduction and marketing of coffee,timber, artisan goods, and otherproducts to over 20 indigenouspeasant organizations in six Oaxa-can regions. (ME-369)

1993 IN REVIEW 33

9FFICE FOR GUATEMALA. MEXICO. AND THE CAR.IBREAN al

A boy in lxmiquilpan, Mexico, offerswater to a hen in the cooperativechicken coop. Servicios pam elDesarrollo, A.C. (SEDA0 provides hisfamily and other small-scale farmers inHidalgo State with training andtechnical assistance to raise the qualityof their livestock and market it. SEDACemphasi:es the need for strong localorganiziaions capable of managing theirown Intsntess enterprises and creditfunds. (Photo: Miguel Savago)

Asociación Mexicana de Arte yCultura Popular, A.C. (AMACUP),$35,785 over one year, to provideproduction and marketing train-ing/technical assistance to sevengrassroots organizations encom-passing over 1,700 weavers andother artisans; and to aid in the for-mation of a national artisans' net-work. (ME-370)

Centro Indigena de CapacitaciónIntegral "Fray Bartolomé de lasCasas," A.C. (CIDECO, $37,000 overone year, to complete constructionand help finance the operation of atraining center for organic agricul-ture and trade skills, serving ap-proximately 250 small-scale Indianfarmers in the state of Chiapas.(ME-371)

Cooperativa "TzotziloticTzobolotic," $24,989 over one year,to provide materials and technicalassistance to nine groups of Tzotziland Ch'ol small-scale farmers, en-abling them to produce and sellhoney. (ME-373)

Centro de Tecnologia Electrónica eInformitica (CETED, $75,000 overone year, to develop computerizedcontrol systems for the productio-and marketing of organic coffee;ans: `o train the 150 members of theUnion de Ejidos La Se lva (ME-356),in Chiapas, to use these systems.(ME-374)


:).- --:. ..Nas- . ...-4.,:;m6A4:-....k.: .!'.- ','*W.Nf. **7'rg..... 'Z.:4V'. r,s, .. ..,...egl 6.4

-.,-..,;.,,,, e & ; . ,...."', : . : . . . . . . e , - .. . . 4 8" -. .,,.. 4,1N,it...,s,-."..^1, " 11.w-. ....o '. , %aririlde7.--S7,...:: 1.1.111K I. 6,-.... . Ann' -''''''..- A' 1. iter:"+ ": '.i. ::. ; ..... I.:. : ,..... ...,...,_,.,. . ,.., ,,,,,,i.,,-..-... ... v;,......,,-,.._...-...,..,..I,,....,...,,,..,:. .., ........, . ..-.......5..... ..4,,,, . , , -... .. _,

Coalición de Ejidos de la CostaGrande, Guerrero (Coalición),$109,397 over one year, to adminis-ter a training program in organiza-tional administration and businessefficiency in 37 communities in theAtoyac region of Guerrero that willbenefit 15,000 small-scale farmers.(ME-375)

Convergencia Campesina del Cen-tro Occidente de Michoacán, S.C.,$82,600 over one year, to supporttraining in agrarian laws, agricul-tural alternatives, and forest man-agement to members of 64 commu-nities in west-central Michoacan.(ME-376)

Red Nacional de OrganizacionesCampesinas Forestales (RedNOCAF), $65,400 over one year, toprovide forestry training and regu-lations analysis, aiding the produc-ers individually and helping to con-solidate a national network ofcommunity forestry organizations.(ME-377)


Servicios para el Desarrollo, A.C.(SEDAC), $65,700, to provide train-ing/technical assistance in agricul-tural production and marketing tomunicipal and regional grassrootsgroups in the state of Hidalgo.(ME-273)

37 UST COPY 411AILABLI

Despacho de Orientación y Ase-soria Legal, A.C. (DUAL), $33,600,to provide legal services and train-ing in land tenure, housing, andlegal status to over 25 grassrootcsupport organizations in Mexico.(ME-290)

ANADEGES del Sur Pacifico,$118,750, to administer a rotatingcredit tund and provide 80 newloans to over 50 peasant organiza-tions in Oaxaca and Chiapas, with afocus on women's productive proj-ects and agroecology. (ME-325)

Instituto de Estudios para el Desa-rrollo Rural Maya, A.C. (MAYA),$76,929, to continue to provide eightregional pea.4ant farmer organiza-tions in (,uerrero with informationon marketing of agricultural cropsand the management of rural basic-commodity supply systems, benefit-ing 300 communities and 80,000peasant families. (ME-326)

Union de Comunidades del Valle,A.C. (COMUNIDADES), 580,499, tocontinue organizational support andtraining in housing construction, re-forestation, vegetable farming, andmicroenterprises, including acement-block factors', to some 140Nahfiu (Otomi) farming communi-ties in the state of Hidalgo. (ME-331)

Instituto de Estudios para el Desa-rrollo Rural Maya, A.C., 590,000, tomaintain an in-country fund sup-porting training, information ex-changes, and technical assistanceamong grassroots and othLr devel-opment organizations in Mexico.

E-337)

Grupo Dindmico de ConsultoriaIntegral (Grupo Dinamico),5123,668, to continue training,' tech-nical assistance in fiscal and admin-istrative systems to manufacturingcooperatives in Mexico City andsouth-central Mexico. (ME-343)

I mr......,m1111111111161L .1111

4

38

UniOn de Comunidades Campesi-nas Marginadas (UCOCAM),578,505, to carry out a program toraise coffee-grower incomes throughtraining in organic techniques anddiversification into sheep breedingand mushroom production, benefit-ing nearly 600 Mazatec indigenouspersons in northern Oaxaca.(ME-347)

Sociedad de Solidaridad Social"Zanzekan Tineme"(ZANZEKAN), $124,306, to expandits reforestation activities to includestudies and projects for natural-resource management and incomegeneration in four communities ofGuerrero; and to support artisanproduction. (ME-349)

Programa de Aproyechamiento In-tegral de Recursos Naturales(PAIR), $79,900, to carry out the sec-ond Year of a multiyear grant sup-porting research and marketing ofnontimber forest products in theChinantla region of Oaxaca.(ME-355)

With assistance from the Union deComunidades del Valle, A.C.(COMUNIDADES) in Mexico, thesecampesinos have started their own

mtcrohusiness by selling milk locally.The support and technical training ofCOMUNIDADES has helped some140 Otomf Indian villages reforesttheir lands, diversify crop production,and upgrade their housing. (Photo:Miguel Sayago)

1993 IN REVIEW 35

0.FFICE FOR GUATEMALA. MEXICO. AND THE CARIBBEAN

Union de Ejidos La Se Iva, R.I. (LaSe lva), $100,816, to help 700 smallfarmers in Chiapas grow more andbetter organic coffee, and increasesales revenues for that coffee by cer-tifying the organic techniques usedand by promoting sales in theUnited States and Europe. (ME-356)

Sociedad de Solidaridad Social"Susana Sawyer" (Susana Sawyer),$97,000, to continue providing loansand training for production and so-cial service projects carried out bywomen's organizations in southernSonora. (ME-357)

Asociación Dana, A.C. (DANA),554,500, to carry out training/tech-nical assistance in organic agricul-ture with peasant organizations inChiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, andGuerrero; and to continue develop-ing national norms for organic agri-culture. (ME-358)

I i36 INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGONEW GRANTS

Service Volunteered for All(SERVOL), $38,500 over two years,to expand a pilot "parent outreachprogram" to help 500 parents ondother caregivers develop parer tingand craft skills, benefiting at least500 preschool children from low-income families. (TR-016)


Trinidad and Tobago DevelopmentFoundation (FUNDAID), $32,045,to provide salary support for acredit officer and a training officer,cover training expenses, and evalu-ate its microenterprise lending pro-gram, helping FUNDAID to negoti-ate a second loan from theInter-American Development Bank.(TR-015)

442,1

31' r".",

CARIBBEAN REGIONALSUPPLEMENTAL GRAN OVER $10.000

Caribbean Farmers DevelopmentCompany (CFDC), $70,000, to pro-vide technical assistance to its 14 af-filiated farmer organizations in fi-nancial and organizationalmanagement, agricultural produc-tion, post-harvest handling, andmarketing; and to provide memberswith working capital to enable themto further develop nontraditionalproduce markets overseas. (CA-091)

East Caribbean Organization of De-velopment Foundations (ECODEF),$51,000, to provide managementconsulting services to 20 EasternCaribbean nonprofit and associativeorganizations and small enterprises;and to send a group of developmentfounda tion executives on an inten-sive visit of ADEMI, a largemicroenterprise-credit agency in theDominican Republic. (CA-092)

Staff members of FUNDAIDtrained in Port-of-Spain to operate acomputer program that will enable themto monitor the loan portfolios of some5,000 community groups and small-scale enterprises throughout Trinidadand Tobago. The rotating-loan programcurrently benefits 500 people indirectly.(Photo: Ron Weber)

39 iEST COPY AVIIIIABIJ

OFFICE FOR THESOUTHERN CONE AND BRAZIL

ARGENTINANEW GRANTS

Fundación de Organización Comu-nitaria (FOC), $97,280 over twoyears, to train and assist 800 com-munity workers carrying out pre-ventive health, child care, microen-terprise, and youth-opportunityprojects, benefiting 26,000 people inten poor neighborhoods of Lomasde Zamora, a municipal district ingreater Buenos Aires. (AR-295)

Instituto Internacional del MedioAmbiente y Desarrollo, AmericaLatina (IIED-AL), $26,780 over ninemonths, to carry out preliminary ac-tivities for a project providing landtitles to 450 families and bringingdrinking water, sewage-and-drainage systems, and street payingto San Jorge, a community on thenorthern outskirts of greater BuenosAires. (AR-296)

Fundaci,'n Obra Claretiana para elDesarrollo (OCLADE), $54,035 overone year, te .zind grassroots devel-opment tra.a;.ng for regional pro-moters; and to upgrade staff skills inadministration, management, andprogram evaluation tor a projectcrying small-scale livestock pro-

ducers, artisans, and salaried work-ers in 200 low-income communitiesin the northwest. (AR-297)

Taller Carlos Mugica(TC MUGICA), $109,000 over 30months, to assist ten community or-ganizations on the periphery of thecity ot COrdoba, working to im-prove living conditions for over1,000 families; and to strengthen co-ordination among COrdoba's com-munity organizations. (AR-298)

Instituto para el Desarrollo de laMicro y Pequeiia Empresa (IDEMI),5132,450 over 18 months, to continuetraining/ technical assistance to smallbusinesses and microentrepreneursin one area of metropolitan BuenosAires; and to establish a loan guaran-tee fund that will make it possible for365 small borrowers to receive com-mercial bank loans. (AR-299)

t- .

1


Cooperativa de Trabajo, Consumo,Crédito y Vivienda Martin del'orres, Ltda. (MARTIN PORRES),$16,000, to establish a loan-guarantee fund permitting this in-dustrial cleaning service and laun-dry, an employer of 106 people, toconsolidate short-term debt and,,trengthen its capacity for growth.(AR-253)

Centro de Estudios del Estado ySociedad (CEDES), $15,665, to com-plete the dissemination of researchcompiled during the past 18 monthson nine cases of successful commu-nity development. (AR-274)

Servicio en Promoci6n Humana(SERVIPROH), $93,580, to enablestaff to evaluate the ways in whichit provides technical assistance,training, and organizational sup-port in ten of COrdoba's low-incomeneighborhoods. (AR-279)

4 0

11 )1711/ invzIdes irant/IIQ and re, /Huta/

,letropolitan ;hires. ,i)1,' or

emplourc,: mu)) a factor& 111 1 onto

111.1.11i()!-41 opera1c,.; a )11,1(111111' tor

-.punting plasoc-filwr mill that will bewto (Photo: David

Fernandez)

Fundación Servicios para el Desa-rrollo de Organizaciones y Mi-croempresas (SEDOM), $48,100, tocontinue and expand its orientation,education and training, and techni-cal assistance programs for microen-trepreneurs, with particular empha-sis on retraining workers in themunicipal district of Palpala inJujuy. (AR-283)

Centro de Comunicación Popular vAsesoramiento Legal (CECOPAL),$31,867, to complet2 a demonstrationcenter used to train communitygroups in home gardening. (AR-284)

DEMOS, $62,200, to continue pro-viding education and technical assis-tance to 25 low-income communitiesin the city of Resistencia, helpingcommunity groups to managehealth, empkwment, and housingprojects. (AR-287)

Servicio Universitario Mundial-Comite Nacional Argentina(SUM-CNA), $53,800, to train 160community-based day care workersin the province of Buenos Aires,conduct child-related workshops forparents and community leaders,and hold two annual trainee confer-ences to exchange information andexperiences and provide SUM-CNAwith feedback. (AR-290)

Servicio Habitacional y de Acci6'tSocial (SEHAS), $184,948, to helpneighborhood organizations in COr-doba (totaling approximately 4,0(10families) address local problems; toassist municipal governments in ef-fective collaboration with such orga-nizations; and to evaluate SEHAS'seffectiveness. (AR-293)

1993 IN REVIEW 37

BRAZILNEW GRANTS

Funda(ao de Desenvolvimento,Educacdo e Pesquisa da RegidoCeleiro (FUNDEP), 551,989 overone year, to provide supplementalprimary education, rural teacher in-struction, and agricultural skillstraining that will ultimately benefitover 5,000 impoverished Youth,teachers, and small-scale farmers inRio Grande do Sul State. (BR-743)

Assessoria 5 Pesquisa e Estudosda Infancia e Adolescencia(ASSESSORIA 5), 546,300 over oneV ear, to fund applied research, train-ing/technical assistance, materialsdevelopment and dissemination,and public policy analysis, benefit-ing day care centers serving low-income families in the Recife metro-politan area. (BR-746)

Abe'


Instituto de Tecnologia para oCidad5o (ITC), S51,500 over one year,to train support organizations incomputerized information systemsgeared to identifying problems in anddesigning plans for transportationsystems and other public services,benefiting low-income communitiesin the Rio de Janeiro and Recife met-ropolitan regions. (BR-747)


Assessoria de Urbanização Popular(ARRUAR), $50,500, to continuetechnical assistance in housing, sani-tation, education, and health to low-income communities in metropoli-tan Recife. (BR-625)

Associação Nacional de P6sGraduacáo e Pesquisa em CienciasSociais (ANPOCS), $100,000, to sus-tain a program providing small re-search grants to students conduct-ing master's-level research on topicsrelating to grassroots developmentin northeastern Brazil. (BR-626)

AittL"

Centro de Pesquisa e Assessoria(ESPLAR), $163,702, to continuesustainable agricultural programs inresearch, training/technical assis-tance, and networking, benefiting12,000 small-scale rural producers ofCeara State. (BR-634)

Centro de Tecnologias AlternativasPopulares (CETAP), $124,241, tocontinue alternative agricultural ex-perimentation and training/techni-cal assistance to benefit 15,000small-scale producers and their pro-duction associations in Rio Grandedo Sul. (BR-655)

Centro de Apoio a AtividadesEconemicas Informais "Ana Terra"(CAT), $101,499, to continue a mi-croenterprise program providingcredit and training/technical assis-tance to impoverished informal-sector producers and vendors ingreater Porto Alegre. (BR-670)

Instituto de Estudos Sócio-Econemicos (INESC), $51,841, tocontinue providing information onlegislative affairs and public-policyformation to nongovernmental orga-nizations and community organiza-tions working on land issues.(BR-672)

Associação Brasileira Interdiscipli-nar da AIDS (ABIA), $52,752, tocontinue an AIDS education andprevention program that producesand disseminates educational mate-rials to community groups, busi-nesses, and local government agen-cies. (BR-676)

A farmer outside Recife prepares a patchof his field for testing concepts helearned from the Centro Josue de Castro(CJC), a Brazilian grassroots supportorganization. CJC trains small-scalefarm families to raise yields throughsustainable agricultural practices, suchas composting, organic fungicides, andhillside terracing to prevent topsoilerosion. (Photo: Sean Sprague)

41

Fundagao de Integracao, Desen-volvimento e Educacão doNoroeste do Estado (FIDENE),531,000, to further its trai g/ tech-nical assistance, applied research.and networking in agriculture, com-munity health, and rural educationto over 200 base groups and grass-roots support organizations insouthern Brazil and neighboringcountries. (BR-685)

Sociedade Maranhense de Defesados Direitos Humanos (SMDDH),531,500, to continue providing orga-nizational, marketingmd resource-management assistance to 380women babal,-u-nut gatherers inMaranhao State. (BR-692)

Acão Crista PrO-Gente(PRO-GENTE), 544,386. to furtherprograms in food production, healthpreventionmd community orga-nizing among 230 impoverishedfarm families in the interior of GoiasSta te. ( BR-6)3)

Cruzada do Menor, 533,000, to con-tinue training and materials devel-opment/dissemination in handicraftskills and enterprise management toyouth artisans and handicraft in-structors from Rio de Janeiro State.(BR-696)

Centro de Assessoria e Estudos Ur-banos (CIDADE), 557,513, to con-tinue providing technical assistanceto over 3=0 community groups,grassroots support organizations,and government agencies on issuesrelated primarily to low-cost hous-ing and public transportation inPorto Alegre. BR-704)

Grupo de Mulheres da Ilha de SaoLuis (GMISL), $45,239, to continueproviding training/ technical assis-tance in community health and in-come generation to over 500 low-income women in Maranhao State.(BR-707)

Centro Ecumenico de Documen-tacao e Informacao (CEDI), 560,000,to sustain programs in applied re-search, training/technical assistance,materials development/ dissemina-tion, and documentation, targetingbasic and adult education and bene-fiting some 100 base groups, inter-mediary organizations, universities,and government agencies through-out Brazil. (I3R-708)

Movimento Nacional de Meninos eMeninas da Rua (MNMMR),561,000, to continue its program ofleadership training, education, andpublic-policy advocacy, benefitingapproxirnatelv 3,500 street childrenand 1.000 adult educators in south-eastern Brazil. (BR-710)

Associação Movimento de Edu-cagao Popular Paulo Englert(AMEPPE), 565,000, to continueits integrated program of early-childhood education, benefiting2,000 teachers, day care administra-tors, government technicians, andpromoters from grassroots supportorganizations in Belo Horizonte andnearby municipalities. (BR-712)

Centro de Educacão e CulturaPopular (CECUP), 533,250, to pro-vide training/technical assistance incommunity-based education for 350teachers government workers, andparents involved with 86 communityschools in Salvador, Bahia. (BR-713)

Faculdade Latino Americana deCiencias Sociais (FLACSO),530,295, to continue a prograth ofresearch, training, and advocacy topromote biotechnological innova-tions for small-scale rural produc-ers, benefiting rural leaders, exten-,iionists from grassroots supportorganizations, agricultural techni-cians, and poiicvmakers. (BR-714)

Administração e Finanças para oDesenvolvimento (AFINCO),550,500, to continue its consultancies,seminars, and training workshops inadministrative and financial manage-ment for grassroots development or-ganizations. (BR-716)

Instituto de Estudos, Formacao eAssessoria em Politicas Sociais(POLIS), 569,880, to further itstraining/technical assistance andmaterials development/dissemina-tion activities geared to publictransportation, housing, and envi-ronmental problems that requireconserted action by urban commu-nity groups, grassroots support or-ganizations, and municipal govern-ments. (BR-718)

Associação em Areas de Assenta-mento no Estado do Maranhao(ASSEMA), 560,070, to work withstate governments and nongovern-mental organizations in organizingsmall-scale farmers in agrarian re-form settlements and showing themways to combine appropriate tech-nologies and traditional methods toincrease agricultural production.(BR-720)

Centro de Estudos e Acao Social(CEAS/URBANO), $31,452, to pro-vide training/ technical assistance,research, and publications to 20 arti-san groups in Pernambuco State.(BR-722)

Centro Josue de Castro (CJC),541,500, to continue training/techni-cal assistance and applied researchfor artisanal fishermen, small-scalefarmers, low-income women, andpreschool students. (BR-723)

Instituto Brasileiro de AnálisesSociais e Econômicas (IBASE),584,500, to continue activities intraining/technical assistance, mate-rials development/dissemination,and networking geared to grass-roots development issues, benefitingover 3,000 grassroots organizationsthroughout Brazil. (BR-725)

Associação Vianei de Cooperacio eIntercambio no Trabalho, Edu-cacao, Cultura e Satide (VIANEI),554,300, to continue activities inagricultural experimentation, mate-rials development/dissemination,and training/ technical assistancegeared to sustainable agriculture,benefiting 1,000 impoverished farmfamilies in Santa Catarina State.(BR-726)

1993 N REVIEW 39

OFFICE FOR THE SOUTHERN CONE AND BRAZIL

Instituto de Estudos Amazeinicos eAmbientais (IEA), $70,000, to con-tinue public-policy analysis, envi-ronmental education, and marketingactivities that consolidate recentlycreated extractive reserves, benefit-ing rubber-tapper communities inthe Amazon region. (BR-729)

Centro de Assistencia Técnica(CAT/GV), $51,500, to maintain itsagricultural and organizationaltraining/ technical assistance torural communities of the Rio Doceregion of Minas Gerais State.(BR-730)

Comissdo de Justica e Paz (CJP),561,500, to continue a multifacetedprogram of organizational and lead-ership training/technical assistancein community health, education,and production, benefiting 23,000people living in 12 urban slums ofSalvador, Bahia. (BR-732)

Associagdo de Programas emTecnologias Alternativas (APTA),591,500, to continue experimenta-tion. training/technical assistance,materials deyelopment/dissemina-tion, and public-policv advocacy ef-forts in sustainable agriculture andagroforestry by approximately 5,000small-scale farmers and techniciansin Espirito Santo State. (BR-734)

Centro de Defesa dos Direitos Flu-manos Antonio Conselheiro(CDDHAC), 536,000, to continuetraining/ technical assistance in agri-cultural production, animal hus-bandry, community health, and or-ganizational development to tenproducer associations, benefitingapproximately 800 small-scale farmfamilies in Ceara State. (BR-735)

Cooperativa Agro-extrativista deXapuri (XAPURD, $118,500, to fur-ther implement a program to im-prove Brazil-nut marketing and pro-duction that will benefit over 1,000rubber-tapper families in Acre.(BR-736)


Federacdo de Orgdos para Assisten-cia Social e Educacional (FASE),$27,250, to sponsor a national semi-nar, on grassroots development, or-ganized by the Associacâo Brasileirade OrganizacOes Nao-Governamen-tais (ABONG) and involving over100 nongovernmental organizations.(BR-737)

Saude é Vida (SEV) 542,000, to train80 community health council repre-sentatives to improve health ser-vices and conditions among the im-poverished population of theeastern region of metropolitan SaoPaulo. (BR-740)

Associacão de Estudos, Orientacdoe Assistencia Rural (ASSESOAR),$31,500, to carry out training/tech-nical assistance, experimentation/demonstration, and materials devel-opment/dissemination activities insustainable agriculture for 2,000farni families organized in 120 pro-duction associations in the soutoeastregion of Parana State. (BR-741)

Instituto de Estudos da Religido(ISER), 537,000, to research and dis-seminate information on the historyand characteristics of social philan-thropy in Brazil, Argentina, Chile,Peru, Colombia, and Mexico.(BR-745)

CHILENEW GRANTS

Corporación de Investigación enAgricultura Alternativa (CIAL),565,000 over one year, to providetraining/technical assistance tothree grassroots support organiza-tions and to small-scale farmers in14 communities through a programto make food grown with agroeco-logical techniques a viable source ofrural income in Chile's arid mid-lands. (CFI-481)

Vicaria de la Pastoral Social (VPS),$64,710 over one year, to design andtest a program to accredit child-careand recreation specialists for chil-dren in low-income Santiago neigh-borhoods; to provide seed capitalfor neighborhood youth programs;and to find ways to make these pro-grams self-sufficient. (CH-482)

43

Sociedad Lonko Kilapan (Lonko),$53,210 over one year, to irovide in-formation and administrative andtechnical assistance in marketing forMapuche Indians in Temuco andNueva Imperial; and to begin opera-tion of four community storage fa-cilities and organize farmer commit-tees to manage them. (CH-483)

Sindicato de Pescadores Artesa-nales de Caleta Quintay (SindicatoQuintay), $58,900 over three years,to replenish marine resources in a164-hectare reserve, build andequip a small marine laboratory andan administrative/training center,and provide training in seafoodprocessing and marketing for mem-bers and community residents.(CH-484)

Federación Regional de Sindicatosde Trabajadores Independientesde la Pesca Artesanal y Afines dela Region del Bio-Bio (FEREPA),S32,880 over 16 months, to assist 21artisanal fishing organizations andvillages in Chile's Region VIII todevelop marine resources; and toassist fishing villages to definecommunity-development strate-aies (CH-485)

Cooperativa de Ahorro y CréditoLiberaciOn (LiberaciOn), $48,800over three years, to initiate a three-Year credit-guarantee program andmake approximately 130 loans tomicroenterprises in Santiago, Val-paraiso, and ConcepciOn. (CH-186)

Casa de la Mujer Mapuche (CMM),$37,250 over one year, to operate aservice center for Mapuche womenin the Temuco area; to provide train-ing/technical assistance to 120women belonging to nine rural arti-san production groups; and to trainat least 50 other women in textileproduction, marketing, accounting;literacy, and organizational leader-ship. (CH-187)

OFFICE FOR THE SOUTHERN CONE AND BRAZIL

An electoral committee o* theCooperativa de Talleres Artesaliales deSan Bernardo discusses possiblecandidates for the board of: directors.This cooperative of skilled handicraftersis one of the communitv manizationsthe Centro de Profesionales para InAccicin Comunitaria is assisting tostreamline operations, create jobs, andimprove social services in poorneighborhoods of Santuw, Chile.(Photo: Miguel Savago)

Centro de ExperimentaciOn y Ca-pacitación en Tecnologia Apropiada(TEKHNE), $59,490 over one year, toprovide community-forestry train-ing/technical assistance in the Alica-hue Valley to 400 rural families, fiveproducer organizations, 200 house-wives, and five primary schools; andto study alternative crops and small-scale agroindustries suited to thelocal economy. (CH-488)

Comisión Relacionadora de Orga-nismos Nogubermentales IXRegion (Comisión IX), S6,060 overeight months, to form workinggroups on key aspects of regionaldevelopment; and to organize thefirst conference among nongovern-mental organizations and donoragencies in Chile's Region IX, sched-uled for early 1994. (CH-489)


Sociedad de Profesionales para elDesarrollo Rural (SOPRODER),$22,622, to provide training/techni-cal assistance in the storage andmarketing of agricultural productsto Mapuche Indian farmers living inthe municipalities of Nueva Impe-rial, Carahue, and Puerto Saavedra.(CH-397)

Centro (11 Educación y Tecnologia(CET), S92,845, to continue a five-yearprogram to train the urban and ruralpoor and development technicians insustainable agriculture techniques.(0-1-457)

et;'-- Oat

" . ro=r CI'

Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollode la Educación (ODE), $98,945, todevelop new training methods fornonformal educators working inyouth job training, adult education,and community development; and topromote and improve nonformal ed-ucation through seminars, lectures,and publications. (C11-458)

Taller de Cooperación al Desarrollo(TALLER COOP), $40,800, to main-tain a data bank and informationservice on Chilean nongovernmen-tal organizations, organize nationaland regional seminars about theroles of these organizations in devel-opment, and implement a study onthe labor relations, social policies,and philanthropic practices of theChilean business sector. (CH-462)

Equipo de Vivienda y GestiónLocal (EVGL), $10,035, to evaluateand disseminate the results of athree-year technical assistance pro-gram in low-cost housing construc-tion and repair and local economicdevelopment in the municipalitiesof La Florida, El Bosque, and Santi-ago; and to do strategic planning forfuture activities. (CH-463)

4 4

4.

'4 414`z-

Consejo de Desarrollo Andino(CDA), $35,000, to finance small-scale community projects (up to$5,000) in agricui:Azral production,economic and social organization,and cultural revitalization amongthe Aymara population in Chile'sRegion I. (CH-464)

Red de InformaciOn de los Dere-chos de la Mujer (RIDEM), $23,785,to continue its program of legal, per-sonal, familial, and employmentcounseling for over 1,000 low- andmiddle-income women; and to gen-erate local resources and coopera-tive agreements for program expan-sion. (CH-466)

Programa de Economia del Trabajo(PET), $103,500, to continue imple-mentation of a five-year program oftraining/technical assistance andother services to small, productiveenterprises in urban Santiago andprovincial cities; and to study the ef-fectiveness of the program. (CH-468)

BETI WY MUM1993 IN REVIEW 41

Centro de Profesionales para la Ac-chin Comunitaria (CEPPAC),$50,400, to collaborate with publicand private organizations in a two-year program promoting local socioe-conomic development by communitygroups in the neighborhoods of ElOlivo in San Bernardo, and Marinadel Gaete in El Basque. (0-1-470)

Corporackin Mancomunal(MANCOMUNAL), $95,522, to helptemporary farmworker in theAconcagua Valley improve job skills,diversify income sources, strengthenrepresentative organizations, andcreate day care, recreation, and train-ing programs; and to help replicatethese programs in the Cachapoaland Maipo valleys. (CH-1-77)

Taller de Estudios Regionales(TER), $19,533, to continue opera-tion of a community school with 30Aymara children and adults in An-cullo and expand its facilities tohouse a permanent training center;and to offer technical assistance, im-proving agricultural and livestocktechniques and strengthening Ay-mara organizations. (C1-1-478)

AsociaciOn Gremial de Organiza-ciones por la Economia Social(FESOL), $36,000, to support itsthird annual fair, enabling over 300of Chile's microenterprises andsmall businesses to exhibit and selltheir products; and to negaiiate forbetter market opportunities andbeneficial policies and programs.(C1-1-479)

PARAGUAYNEW GRANTS

Organizacion Campesina de R epa-triación (OCAR), $53,538 over twoyears, to expand and consolidate aservice program promoting poultryraising, beekeeping, swine produc-tion, agroprocessing, and training/technical assistance for OCAR's 120small-scale farmers in the depart-ment of Caaguazti in centralParaguay. (PY-160)


Asociación Independiente de Pe-querios Agricultores de Itaptia(ASIPAD, $155,802 over two years,to carry out a diversified program ofagricultural and livestock produc-tion, agroprocessing, marketing,and training for its 210 membersw.ho are small-scale farmers in andaround Edelira. (PY-161)

Organización para el Desarrollo In-tegral del Campesino (OPDIC),$95,690 over one year, to providetraining/technical assistance indairy, swine, and poultry produc-tion to small-scale farmers in theQuiindy region as part of an agricul-tural diversification project.(PY-162)

Organización Campes:na del Este(OCDE), $19,255 over one year, tocarry out a diversified services pro-gram thai provides training/techni-cal assistance in agricultural andlivestock production and processingto improve skills and income among140 members who are small-scalefarmers in the department ofCaaguazn. (PY-163)

Base Educativa y Comunitaria deApoyo (BECA), $70,790 over twoyears, to continue disease preven-tion and public health education,provide training to groups establish-ing and operating outreach pro-grams for :ow-income youngwomen, and extend its programs tosix additional departments inParaguay. (PY-164)

Centro de Educación, Capacitaci6ny Tecnologias Campesinas(CECTEC), $135,500 over two years,to help three agricultural schools de-sign and implement alternative edu-cation programs for low-incomerural youth, providing them withlong-term economic alternatives tomigration. (PY-165)

Coordinadora Campesina deItaptia (CCD, $49,576 over threeyears, to implement both a dairyproduction project and a trainingprogram in livestock management,benefiting 100 of its subsistencefarmer members. (PY-168)

Organización Campesina Unida(OCU), $27,845 over 18 months, toprovide training/ technical assis-tance and loans to its 146 membersin an effort to increase agriculturalproductivity, diversify productioninto livestock and other crops, andprovide its members with healthservices and a network of consumerstores. (PY-169)


Centro Paraguayo de Cooperativis-tas (CPC), $163,304, to continuetraining/technical assistance andcredit to small-scale farmer organi-zations and urban groups in Guairaand Caazapa; to conduct an internalreview and analysis of its program;and to share insights on grassrootsdevelopment with other nongovern-mental organizations and the publicsector. (PY-150)

URUGUAYNEW GRANTS

Asociación Cristiana de Jovenes(ACP, $50,827 over one year, to pro-vide technical and organizationalassistance to community organiza-tions working in local developmentin the communities of Barros Blan-cos and San Francisco in suburbanMontevideo; and to develop a sys-tem to evaluate ACIs impact.(UR-164)

Cooperativa Agraria de Respon-sabilidad Limitada de Lecheros deQuebracho (COLEQUE), $81,600over three years, to purchase cowsthat will improve the genetic qualityof co-op livestock, thereby increas-ing milk-production levels; and tocontract technical assistance in co-operative development and man-agement. (UR-165)

Comisión Honoraria Pro-Erradicación de la Vivienda RuralInsalubre (MEVIR), $56,800 over 18months, to criate a revolving fundfor small loans and grants for pro-ductive enterprises and cultural ac-tivities, benefiting 300 families inUruguay's interior; and to developand institutionalize systems forproject evaluation. (UR-1(6)

Early Monday morning, Alfredo Sosa and his sonCarmelito are circling a wide patch of Uruguayanplain on horseback. Their eyes are peeled for a lostsheep, but their minds are on Ana and Teresa,Carmelito's mother and sister who at daybreak hadboarded a bus to AiguA, 60 kilometers away Teresa at-tends high school there, and since her parents cannotafford the roundtrip fare five days a week, she andher mother stay with an aunt in town, returning homeevery weekend to face a week's-worth of accumulatedchores. Ana and Alfredo would like for their family tobe together on the farm, but they wonder how muchlonger they can keep the farm going

Can a small research center help 30,000 small-scaleUruguayan farmers like Ana and Alfredo increasetheir incomes to provide for their children? The an-swer is yesby empowering leaders of nationalsmall-scale farmer organizations to participate di-

With tlw advent ot MLIZCOf-;UR, Il ,lad to create a 2ero:tantt

:one in tlu' Soutbern Cone Int 1005. Uruguayan ,:malI,cide

tanner,: mut ,;trategle, to meet qiff new cinnpetitions

lot kxvise from ahuvc. A farmer from the Croperat 1J:a

.1graria de Re,pon,:ahdulad I Intifada de 1.ohcro, deol)cf,ra, 1 of II ) (a)1,11i). milk to a (olle) (Ion punt

lu trtH in., to the /of al pro! cy,olc: Who/ tt whit

p,/,,teuttzed and tranqinrned mto 00.11)Y-e 141 win A'oly

ther ( II I ()III mentivr,. I Icittc,1 InglnP NI Cr 1

'PI. ihfr prof/Hi I Oho i 110 h' 111

c,1? run: I Fr i \incol)

11..-

small-scale farmer from Piriapolis harvests organically grownquash. With the advent of MERCOSUR, farmers can noonger produce crops solely for local cOnsumption; they mustmderstand the opportunities.and risks of a broader marketplace.ruguayan-hased CIESU is workthg to strengtlwn tlw voice of

hese small-scale farmers during the MERCOSURwgotiations, and provide them with the inforination needed tomike the transitio-n. (Photo: Jorge Ameal)

rectly in regional trade negotiations to form a South-ern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR).

In 1989, the governments of Brazil, Argentina,Paraguay, and Uruguay launched the MERCOSURprocess, which aims to produce a zero-tariff, free-trade zone by 1995. MERCOSUR will encompass 190million consumers, opening new markets for 5 millionsmall- and medium-scale farmers, but also exposingthem to new competition. The prospects of imminentcompetition from producers in Brazil and Argentina,combined with potentially unfavorable macroeco-nomic policies and lack of capital and technology,threaten small-scale farmers in Uruguay with the lossof their farms and forced migration.

The future prospects of the Sosas and their neigh-bors are being shaped through agreements aboutlabor, social welfare, and credit policies being ham-mered out in sectoral commissions, such as the"Grupo 8" for agriculture. Additionally, the Argen-tine, Uruguayan, Paraguayan, and Brazilian ministersof agriculture meet regularly as the Consejo Consul-tivo de Cooperación Agricola de los Paises del AreaSur (CONASUR) to discuss how MERCOSUR policieswill affect rural populations.

The Centro de Informaciones y Estudios delUruguay (CIESU)a nonprofit research centerfounded in 1975 by economists, sociologists, and po-litical scientistsis joining hands with two

Uruguayan producer organizations to strengthen tlvoice of small-scale fanners at the Grupo 8 andCONASUR negotiating tables One of those groupsthe Conusión Nacional de Fomento Rural (CNFR),which represents approximatel, 20,000 members ol120 affiliated cooperatives and rural development zsociations. The other, the Asociación de Colonos deUruguay (ACU), represents the interests of approximately 4,600 farmers who have resettled on land fomeily owned by the government.

CIESU's task is twofold. It will provide CNFR anACU leaders with the information and trainingneeded for them to get as many benefits as possibhfor their members from MERCOSUR agreements.CIESU will also promote analysis by small-scalefarmer organizations in all four countries to work tgether to defend common interests and develop comercial complementarity that takes advantage ofwhat each does best.

Using funds from the Inter-American FoundatioiCIESU will create a MERCOSUR documentation CEter in Montevideo, establish a computer "on-line" iformation system, and produce and distribute pubcations on MERCOSUR for small-scale farmers.CIESU will conduct local and national workshops Iprepare organization leaders for the negotiatingprocess and to keep ACU and CNFR leaders andmembers informed as the process unfolds. In partillar, CIESU will assist representatives from the twogroups to study the latest MERCOSUR trends; analyze how various policy options affect access to lartechnical assistance, credit, and technology; formulpolicy, production, and marketing proposals that bserve the interests of their members; and preparethemselves to defend those proposals. CIESU willalso underwrite partial travel costs for organizatiolleaders participating in Grupo 8 and CONASURnegotiations.

This project contributes to the IAF's MERCOSUIRegional Learning Initiative, which seeks to assistsmall-scale farmer organizations in the four countito exchange information and analyze together thegional integration process. The goal is to help smalscale farmers find their niche in the emerging eco-nomic order, and to identify new opportunities formutually beneficial production, processing, andmarketing initiatives across national borders.

If successful, the CIESU project will provide farrers like the Sosas with the options they need to maMERCOSUR work for them. Even if MERCOSURnot fully implemented, small-scale farmers will hamore information, improved technology, and othenecessary tools for meeting the challenge of openeconomies and increasing agricultural modernizatEither way, CIESU is working to ensure that Alfrecand Ana can earn the income they need to transpoTeresa to school in town and have her sleep at honeach night on the farm. (UR-167)

Martha Far

Centro de Informaciones y Estu-dies del Uruguay (CIESU), $73,532over one year. See box on page 43.(UR-167)

Centro Regional de Apoyo al De-sarrollo Social (CRADES), $43,776over one year, to train 130 people inmicroenterprise management and 20neighborhood leaders in organiza-tion management; and to publicizecommunity organizations and mi-croenterprise development in RiveraProvince through a newsletter andweekly radio show. (UR-168)

Casa de la Mujer de la Union(CASA MUJER UNION), $27,650over one year, to maintain a jobdatabase for domestic workers andprovide them with legal advice,helping approximately 300 low-income women in Montevideo's LaUnion neighborhood improve theirincomes and working conditions.(UR-169)


Federaci6n de Cooperativas de Pro-ducción del Uruguay (FCPU),$65,265, to increase the number ofproduction cooperatives benefitingfrom FCPU's program of training/technical assistance in businessmanagement and cooperative edu-cation in Montevideo and the inte-rior cities of Uruguay. (UR-139)

Instituto de Promoción EconómicoSocial del Uruguay (IPRU), $37,200,to consolidate its program of train-ing/technical assistance and institu-tional strengthening in metropolitanMontevideo and other cities; and tostrengthen its documentation anddissemination program on urbangrassroots development. (UR-142)

Caritas Uruguaya, $48,229, to con-duct six rural/urban agroecologycourses at its training center in Piri-apolis, for 78 men and women fromMontevideo and Uruguay's interior;and to market organic food pro-duced bv the training center.(UR-144)

tik; JEST COPY 41111111ABIE

Comisión Nacional de FomentoRural (CNFR), $44,040, to continuea training/technical assistance pro-gram in the management of small-scale farmer organizations, benefit-ing the 25,000 members of CNFR's120 affiliates throughout Uruguay.(UR-149)

Grupo de Estudios sobre la Condi-chin de la Mujer en el Uruguay(GRECMU), $43,434, to expand as-sistance in organic agriculture andmarketing to small-scale farmerwomen and families in northeastCanelones; and to produce a reportdocumenting and evaluatingGRECMU's methodology and proj-ect results. (UR-152)

Foro Juvenil, $54,958, to continuestrengthening its training/technicalsupport for youth microenterprisesand its youth job-training and place-ment program for unemployed andunderemployed young men andwomen in Montevideo and sur-rounding areas. (UR-156)

Confederación Uruguaya de Enti-dades Cooperativas (CUDECOOP),$75,654, to sustain an in-countrvfund for grants and loans up to$5,000 to Uruguayan organizationscarrying out self-help developmentinitiatives. (UR-158)

-a

virs.

4s

LATIN AMERICANREGIONAL GRANTS

NEW GRANTS

Coordinadora de las OrganizacionesIncligenas de la Cuenca Amazónica(COICA), $148,000 over one year, toorganize planning meetings on suchthemes as autonomous development,land rights, natural resources and theenvironment, human rights, and or-ganizational development in five ofits nine member countries, benefitingsome two million Amazonian Indi-ans. (LA-146)

Latin American Studies Associa-tion (LASA), $33,000 over ninemonths, to support a portion oftravel expenses for 40 Latin Ameri-can grassroots development schol-ars/practitioners to participate inthe XVIII International Conference,LASA 1994, in Atlanta, Georgia.(LA-147)


Consorcio Latinoamericano sobrela Agroecologia y el Desarrollo(CLADES), $152,000, to continuestrengthening the capacities of itsmember institutions in ten countriesto promote ecologically sound farm-ing techniques. (LA-139)

Centro Acción Microempresarial(Centro Acción), $12,705, to com-plete the economic model stipulatedin its original grant. (LA-144)

A Xingu Indian looks out from inside afour-story, thatched structure beingbuilt by imligenous peoples attendingthe 1992 UNCED conference in Brazil.There they discussed how their landrights and the fate of tropical forestswere intertwined. COICA is linkingAmazonian Indian groups like theXingu togeth to make sure their voicecontinw-s being heard. (Photo:Fernando Miceli)

1993 IN REVIEW 45

FELLOWSHIP PROGPhIvl

FOSTERING PRACTICAL PROBLEMSOLV1NGIN GRASSROOTS DEVELOPMENT

The Foundation's Fellowship Pro-gram celebrated its twentieth an-niversary in fiscal year 1993 bvawarding fellowship grants to 49new fellows in three academic fel-lowship programs.

During its history, the IAF Fellow-ship Program has played a uniquerole in fostering the grassroots de-velopment careers of more than 700fellows from nearly all countries inthe Western Hemisphere. IAF fel-lows have strengthened nongovern-mental development organizationsin Latin America and the Caribbean,as well as the network of U.S. orga-nizations committed to grassrootsdevelopment in the region. For ex-ample, former fellows have as-sumed leadership positions such asdirectors of nongovernmental orga-nizations (NG0s), developmentproject managers, directors of ap-plied research centers, universityprofessors specializing ir develop-ment topics, and senior ficials ingovernment and international de-velopment organizations. The Foun-dation offers the only U.S. fellow-ship programs dedicated toexpanding the cadre of grassrootsdevelopment specialists in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean.

In 1993,49 fellowships wereawarded to development practition-ers, applied researchers, and schol-ars. These new fellows will pursueU.S. graduate education and con-duct field research on varied topics:NGO organizational strengthening(25 percent), agricultural sustain-ability (21 percent), ecologicallysound development (16 percent),health (12 percent), financial self-sustaina bility of development orga-nizations (8 percent), developmentthrough cultural promotion (8 per-cent), women in development(6 percent), and small enterprise de-velopment (4 percent).

By stressing practical solutions toobstacles in grassroots deN.elopment,the Fellowship Program has fosteredincreased attention within the devel-opment and academic arenas oncommunity-level development inLatin America and the Caribbean.


....mat

IAF fellowships support research intohow grassroots projects can beeconomicallii viable. Above: El Ceibo'sclwcolate factory in Bolivia has openedup new international markets fororganic-cacao cooperatives. (Photo:Robin Bowman) Opposite: Mapuchefarmer Victor Cavopil sharpens a bladefrom a three-bladed plow devised bySOPRODER to conserve topsoil inChile's arid Pmuco region. (Photo:Miguel Sayago)

Practical, problem-solving ap-proaches will continue to be empha-sized during fiscal year 1994.

The Foundation gave priority in1993 to fellowships in three areas ofinterest to the IAF: (1) agencies (in-cluding nongovernmental member-

ship and grassroots support organi-zations) promoting grassroots de-velopment among poor and disad-vantaged populations in LatinAmerican and Caribbean coun-triestheir role in civil society, pub-lic policy, and the consolidation ofdemocracy, their collaboration withstate and local governments, andtheir organizational evolution (in-cluding internal processes, leader-ship patterns, and human resourcedevelopment); (2) the prospects forfinancial sustainability and indepen-dence of development organiza-tionsincluding cultural and legaltraditions of philanthropy, patternsof private sector philanthropy, coop-eration with public sector agencies,and income-generating strategiessuch as profit-making ventures,fund-raising, contracts, and fee-for-service arrangements; and (3) theimpact of local development activi-ties on the quality of life of poorpopulations in such fields as sus-tainable agriculture and environ-mental resource management, im-proved urban services, training,technical assistance and technologytransfer, microenterprise and themarketing of small-producer goods,and trends that affect specific popu-lations such as ethnic groups, in-digenous people, women, andYouth.

Priority was given to interdiscipli-nary approaches, contemporaryproblems, and empirical analysis. Inaddition to the social sciences con-cerned with development issues,emphasis was placed on the profes-sions, physical sciences, and varioustechnical fields since local develop-ment often emerges through activi-ties in agriculture and urban andrural planning.

The IAF offers four fellowshipprograms. The Dante B. FascellInter-American Program awards fel-lowships to Latin American orCaribbean leaders who have distin-guished themselves in grassroots de-velopment and who will dissemi-nate throughout the hemispheretheir successful methodologies.Through this program, fellows share

4 9

FELLOWSHIP: PROGRAM

strategies, strengthen organizationsand networks, and provide leader-ship for grassroots development.This unique South-to-South programdeals exclusively with public dis-semination and communication anddoes not involve university enroll-ment. The second competition torthe 1994-1°)% period began in 1991and will be completed in early 19°4.

The U.S. Graduate Study Programfor Latin American and CaribbeanCitizens supports professionals andapplied researchers from develop-ment and research ;1stitutions inLatin America and the Caribbeanwhose work in grassroots develop-ment would benefit from advancedstudy in the United States. In 1993,17 fellowships were awarded in thisprogram to men and women from10 countries who are studying at 15L.S. universities. Sixty percent ofthe Foundation's fellowship finan-cial resources were allocated to thisprogram.

The two Field Research Programsat the doctoral and master's levelssupport degree candidates enrolledin U.S. universities in conductingfield research in Latin America orthe Caribbean on grassroots devel-oprnent topics. Fifteen fellowshipswere awarded in the doctoral pro-gram and 17 in the master's pro-gram for field studies in 16 coun-tries. The fellows, including ninecitizens ot Latin American andCaribbean countries, were affiliatedwith 19 universities in 13 states.Forty percent of the Foundation'sfellowship budget supported thesetwo programs.

Inquiru at the Grassroots: An Inter-American Foundation FellowshipReader, an anthology of 12 articleswritten by former fellows in theDoctoral Field Research Program,was published in 1993. With articlesbased on field studies supported ineight Latin American and Caribbeancountries, this volume focuses onsuch development topics as ecologi-cally sound development, sustain-able agriculture, housing, andhealth. To share information aboutthe work of fellows and to help linkinstitutions concerned with grass-roots development issues, the Fel-lowship Program issued "TheReader's Guide to Grassroots Devel-

opment Literature by IAF Fellows,"which cites 3i11) dissertations, theses,journal articles, and books based onoriginal field research supported bvthe Fellowship Program: and "AGuide to Development and Re-search Institutions Associated withthe lAF Fellowship Program fromq74 to 1993" that lists 470 institu-

tions that have been in olved ingrassroots development and havebeen associated with IAF fellows.

U.S. GRADUATE STUDY PRO-GRAM FOR LATIN AMERICANAND CARIBBEAN CITIZENSFELLOWS WITH THEIR HOMECOUNTRIES. HOME INSTITUTIONS.DEGREE PROGRAMS, DISCIPLINES.AND U.S. UNIVERSITIES:

Arlete N/I. Alves (Brazil): Ph.D.. De-z.clopinent Studies, Universitu ofWisconsin at Madison.

Dawn K. Batson (Trinidad id To-bago): Caribbean Music Interna-tional; Ph.D.. Interdisciplinary Pro-gram in International Affairs andMusic. Unirersitu of Miami.

Marcelo L. Cabezas (Chile): Pro-grama de Econonna del Trabaio;ALA., joint program at the Depart-ment of Economics and the School ofPublic Health, Boston University.

59

Jaime E. CM-denas (Peru): InstitutoBartoloint de las Casas Knnac: M.A.,t-,.onouncs. Fordham Universitu.

Margarita A. Chaves Chamorro(Colombia): GmporaciOn Colon:-Naito pant la Amazonia; Ph.D.. An-thropologu, University of Illinois atUrbana-aampaign.

Ana L. Cruz (Brazil): lnstituto de Es-tudos Amazonicas e Ambientais:A4.A., School of Forestry and Envi-ronmental Studies, Duke University.

Octavio J. Damiani (Uruguay): Cen-tro Interdisciplinario de Estudiossobre el Desarrollo; Ph.D., UrbanStudies and Planning, School of Ar-chitecture and Planning, Massachu-setts Institute of Tiylnwlogy.

Carmen S. Echauri (Paraguay): Cen-tro de Documentacidn u Estudios;M.A., Sociology, State Universitu ofNew Yiirk at Buffalo.

Maria Cristina Espinosa (Peru): Cen-tm de Estudios ij Desarrollo Agrariodel Peru; A4.A., Anthropology, Uni-versal, of Florida.

Marcos D. Ferreira (Brazil): Coopera-tim Regional de Cafeicultores emGuaxupe, Ltd.; M.S., Department ofHorticulture. Institute of Food andAgriculture Science, College of Agri-culture, University of Florida.

César F. Flores (Peru): Centro EORI;A4.S., School of Forestry and Envi-ronmental Studies, Yale University.

César Gustavo Gutiérrez (Peru):Concilio Nacional Evangelico delPera; M.A., New York State Collegeof Agriculture and Life Sciences,Cornell University.

Giocanda Herrera (Ecuador): Desa-rrollo y AutogestiOn; Ph.D., Sociol-ogy,Columbia University.

Ian A. Lambert (Dominica): Univer-sity of the West Indies; Ph.D., FoodScience, Rutgers University.

German E. Molinas (Costa Rica): In-stituto Interamericano de Coopera-chin para Ia Agricultura; Ph.D., Edu-cation and Rural Recreation,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

José R. Molinas (Paraguay): Sociedadde Estudios Rurales y Cultura Popu-lar; Ph.D., Econom.cs, University ofMassachusetts at Amherst.

Felipe A. Pierre, M.D. (Costa Rica):DirecciOn Regional Atlantica de Ser-vicios Medicos; M.A., Department ofHealth Sciences, College of Health,University of North Florida.

1993 IN REVIEW 47

REVIEW COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Mr. Ronald P. Arms, Regional Direc-tor, Office of Central America,Inter-American Foundation.

Dr. Antonio Octavio Cintra, Profes-sor of Political Science, University ofBrasilia, Brazil.

Dr. Edith Guiguet, Associate Professorof Agricultural Economics,Universidad Nacional del Litoral,Santa Fi% Argentina.

Dr. Jim Lassoie, Chair, Departmentof Natural Resources, CornellUniversity.

Dr. Marcia Rivera, Executive Director,Consejo Latinoamericano de CienciasSociales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Dr. Winnie Willis, Associate Professorof Public Health, San Diego StateUniversity.

FIELD RESEARCH PROGRAMAT THE DOCTORAL LEVELFELLOWS WITH THEIR HOME COUN-TRIES. DISCIPLINES. U.S. UNIVERSITIES.AND DISSERTATION TITLES:

Jamie J. Anderson (U.S.A.), PoliticalScience, University of Pittsburgh:"The Environment and Poverty:Grassroots Organizations andPublic Policy." (Brazil)

Josephine M. Burt (U.S.A.), PoliticalScience. Columbia University:"Grassroots Organizations in theLine of Fire: Violence, Develop-ment, and Citizen Action inPeru."

Hector G. Carrillo (Mexico), PublicHealth, University of California atBerkeley: "Sexual Categories andRisk Behavior: Organizing forAIDS Education in Mexico."

Miguel Carter (U.S.A.), Political Sci-ence, Columbia University: "Churchand Peasant Land Struggles inBrazil and Paraguay: The Politicsof Ideal Interests."

Edward F. Fischer (U.S.A.), Anthro-pology, Tulane University: "InducedCultural Change and Participa-tory Development: The Pan-Mayan Movement in Guatemala."

Gabriela Ippólito (Argentina), Politi-cal Science, University of NotreDame: "Why Grassroots Organiza-tions Decline: Democracy andCollective Action in Argentina."


Karen A. Kainer (U.S.A.), Forest Re-sources and Conservation, Univer-sity of Florida: "Increasing Brazil-Nut Production in ExtractiveReserves in Acre, Brazil, ThroughEnrichment Plantings."

Cynthia J. Lagueux (U.S.A.), TropicalConservation and Development Pro-gram, University of Florida: "Sus-tainable Use of Sea Turtles byMiskito Indians of CoastalNicaragua."

Kayla F. Laserson (U.S.A.), PublicHealth, Harvard University: "Epi-demiology of Malaria in theVenezuelan Amazon."

Martin Medina Martinez (Mexico),Environmental Studies, Yale Univer-sity: "Human Scavenging inMexico: A Comparative Study."

Guillermo F. Mollie (Bolivia), Sociol-ogy, Ohio State University: "Fallingfrom Grace?: The Political Econ-omy of Nongovernmental Organi-zations. A Study of Competitionand Dysfunction."

Jorge D. Papadopulos (Uruguay),Political Science, University ofPittsburgh: "Political Power of theElderly: The New Poor in LatinAmerica."

Richard D. RheingansForestry and Environmental Studies,Yale University: "An Inter-Discipli-nary Approach to the Incorpora-tion of Two Agro-Forestry Sys-tems Into Small Farms in theAtlantic Lowlands off CostaRica."

Karla M. Slocum (U.S.A.), Anthropol-ogy, University of Florida: "FarmHousehold Responses to Chang-ing Banana Industry and Policy inSt. Lucia."

Sandra M. Witt (U.S.A.), PublicHealth, University of California atBerkeley: "Child Health andHousehold Behaviors in Shanty-towns of Quito, Ecuador."


Dr. Miguel Altieri, Associate Profes-sor, College of Natural Resources,University of California at Berkeley.

Rev. Ernest Bartell, Ph.D., Professor ofEconomics and Executive Director ofthe Helen Kellogg Institute forInternational Studies, University ofNotre Dame.

51

Dr. Billie Jean Isbell, Professor of An-thropology and Director of the LatinAmerican Studies Program. CornellUniversity.

Dr. Cathy Rakowski, AssistantProfessor of- Sociology, Ohio StateUniversity.

Dr. Mitchell Seligson, Professor ofPolitical Science, Universal/ ofPittsburgh.

Dr. Beatrice Selwyn, Associate Profes-sor of Epidemiology, School of PublicHealth, University of Texas.

Ms. Julie Sutphen Wechsler, RegionalDirector, Office of Guatemala,Mexico, and the Caribbean, Inter-American Foundation.

Dr. Scott Whiteford, Professor of An-thropology and Director ot the Centertor Latin American and CaribbeanStudies, Michigan State University.

FIELD RESEARCH PROGRAMAT THE MASTER'S LEVELFELLOWS WITH THEIR HOME COUN-TRIES, DISCIPLINES. U.S. UNIVERSITIES,AND MASTER'S PAPER TITLES:

Julie K. Andersen (U.S.A.), FamilYand Consumer Sciences, Iowa StateUniversity: "The Second Revolu-tion: Nicaraguan Women's Grass-roots Responses to Wife Batteringin Managua."

Joan B. Cohen (U.S.A.), InternationalEducation, thiiversity of Massachu-setts at Amherst: "Role of anIntegrated Literacy Model as aContributor to Disabled Women'sParticipation ;n Development."(El Salvador)

Katherine E. Eekhoff (U.S.A.), Archi-tecture and Urban Planning, Univer-sity of California at Los Angeles:"U.S.-Based Salvadoran Commu-nity Associations: Their Role andPotential in Grassroots Commu-nity Development in El Salvador."

Sarah C. England (U.S.A.), Anthro-pology, University of California atDavis: "The Impact of Transna-tional Migration on GrassrootsDevelopment in the GarifunaCommunity of Lirnón,Honduras."

Patricia P. Erikson (U.S.A.), Anthro-pology, University of California atDavis: "Community Museums,Self-Determination, and Grass-roots Development in Oaxaca."(Mexico)

PVLLOWSMIP PROGRAM

Sidney D. Facundes (Brazil), Lin-guistics, University of Oregon:"Description of the ApuritiaLanguage."

Elba A. Fiallo (Ecuador), Latin Amer-ican Studies, University of Florida:"Protected Areas and Local Com-munities: Residents' Attitudes To-ward Machalilla National Park,Ecuador."

Karl 0. Goldstein (U.S.A.), joint pro-gram in City and Regional Planningand Landscape Architecture, Univer-sity of CalitOrnia at Berkeley: "Nat-ural Forest Management in CostaRica."

Piers E. C. Lewis (U.S.A.), EhergJIand Resources, University of Califor-nia at Berkeley: "Micro-HydroRural Electrification in Nicaragua:Emphasizing Local Participationand Training."

David S. Mevercord (U.S.A.), LatinAmerican Studies, University ofFlorida: "Vertical Linkage for Suc-cessful Grassroots Development:Local Organizational Structure inthe FIRENA Irrigation Project inSan José de Ocoa, DominicanRepublic."

Thomas A. Perreault (U.S.A.), Geog-raphy, University of Texas at Austin:"Water Resource Managementand Local Participation in Pasa-choa Nature Preserve, Ecuador."

4;1

Ana L. Rodriguez-Gusta (Uruguay),Science and Technology, RotsselaerPolytechnic Institute: "Organic Agri-culture: A Female Experience."

Thomas 0. Sikor (Germany), Energyand Resources, University of Califor-nia at Berkeley: "ParticipatoryMonitoring and Evaluation inGrassroots Development Projectsof Rural Chile."

Eva T. Thorne (U.S.A.), Political Sci-ence, Massachusetts Institute otTechnology: "The Social Politics ofAccountable Environmental Pol-icy: Community Identity andRural Anti-Dam Movements inBrazil."

Teresa Vázquez (Mexico), City and Re-,gional Planning, Cornell University:"Impact of the Ejido Reform on theFemale Population in Ejidos."

Michele C. Violich (U.S.A.), PublicHealth, University of California atBerkeley: "Implementation andImpact Evaluation of a Commu-nity Organized and AdministeredUrban Primary Health Care Clinicin Venezuela."

Richard H. Wallace (U.S.A.), Interna-tional Development, The AmericanUniversity: "Domestic Market In-formation: The Key Link to Eco-nomic and Ecologically SoundAgroforestry in Northwest Brazil."

EAST COPY MILK 52

A priority of the IAF fellowshipprograms is to research hownongovernmental organizations areemerging to broaden civil societies

through connnunity organizations thatstrengthen the hemisphere's new

democracies and create jobs and

methods of service delivery for the poor.

Here, an employee of a small busntessthat receives credit and technical

assistance front the Instituto para elDesarrollo de la Micro y PequeliaEmpresa in Buenos Aires, Argentina,inspects a machine for making twine.

(Photo: David Fernández)


Dr. Steve Arnold4ssociate Professor,Director of the International Devel-opment Program, The AmericanUniversit y.

Mr. Carl Swartz, Regional Director,Office of the Southern Cone andBrazil, Inter-American Foundation.

Dr. Cynthia Truelove, AssistantProfessor, Sociology and Women'sStudies, University of Wisconsin atMadison.

Dr. Emma Zapata (Colombia), Asso-ciate Professor of Rural Development,El Colegio de Posgraduados, Monte-

Mexico.

ANNUAL APPLICATIONDEADLINES FOR ACADEMICFELLOWSHIPS

U.S. Graduate Study Programfor Latin American andCaribbean Citizens Mar. 1

Field Research Programs:Doctoral Level Dec. 1Master's Level Feb. 20

For information, write:IAF Fellowship ProgramsDept. 111901 N. Stuart St., 10th FloorArlington, VA 22203U.S.A.

1993 IN REVIEW 49

PUBLICATIONS AND VIDEOS

BOOKS ABOUT GROUPSSUPPORTED BY THE IAF

Cultural Expression and GrassrootsDevelopment: Cases from LatM Amer-ica and the Caribbean, edited byCharles David Klevmever (1994). Astudy of 215 projects supported bythe IAF over a 17-year period inwhich forms of cultural expressionlave been an integral part of a

grassroots development approach.(Lynne Rienner Publishers, 180030th Street, Suite 314, Boulder, Col-orado 80301.) Spanish version: LIExpresiOn Cultural y el Desarrollo deBase (1993). (Ediciones ABYA-YALA,12 de Octubre 14-30, Casilla17-12-719, Quito, Ecuador.)

!nowt, at the Grassroots: An l titer-American Foundation FellowsiimRender, edited by William Glade andCharles A. Reilly (IAF, 1993). Offersreaders a sampling of the researchon grassroots development in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean sup-ported by the IAF's Doctoral Fel-lowship 'Program. Spanish versionforthcoming in 1994.

Health Care for the Poor in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean, CarmeloMesa-Lago (1992). An analysis ofhealth-care policy in the region withan emphasis on creative, grarsroots-level approaches. Spanish version:Atencuin de Salud para los Pobres en la.-Imerica Latina y el Caribe (1993).(Both editions available from PanAmerican Health Organization, Dis-tribution and Sales, Scientific Publi-cation Number 539, 525 23rd Street,N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037.)

Intermediary NGOs: The SupportingLink in Grassroots Development,Thomas F. Carroll (1992). A field-based study of nongovernmental or-ganizations working effectively ingrassroots development (KumarianPress, 630 Oakwood Avenue, #119,West Hartford, Connecticut 06110).

Direct to the Poor, edited by SheldonAnnis and Peter Hakim (1988). Ananthology of articles excerpted fromGrassroots Development (Lynne Rien-ner Publishers, 1800 30th Street,Suite 314, Boulder, Colorado 80301).


Development and Dismal', Pate .7kBreslin (IAF, 1987). A study of theFoundation's first 13 years from thepoint of view of Latin American andCaribbean observers and grantees.Spanish version: Desarrollo ti Dig-nidad (IAF, 1990).

Getting Ahead Collectively: GrassrootsExperiences in Latin America, Albert0. Hirschman (IAF, 1984). An eye-witness account and comparativeanalysis of 43 IAF-funded projectsin six Latin American countries.Spanish version: El Avance en Colec-tividad (1986), (Fondo de CulturaEconómica, Carretera PicachoAjusco No. 227, Col. Bosques del Pe-dregal, Tlalpan, 14200 Mexico D.F.,Mexico,. Portuguese version: 0 Pro-,recso em Coletividade (1AF, 1987).-

Grassroots Development in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean: Oral Histo-ries of Social Change, Robert Wasser-strom (1985). Oral histories of sevenIAF-supported organizations(Praeger Publishers, 521 Fifth Av-enue, New York, New York 10175).

Hopeful Openings, Sally Yudelman(1987). A study of five Latin Ameri-can women's organizations (Kumar-ian Press, u30 Oakwood Avenue,

119, West Hartford, Connecticut1)o110). Spanish version: Una Aper-tura a la Esperanza (1AF, 1988).

Grassroots Development, the jour-nal of the Inter-American Founda-tion, reports on the experiences of1AF grantees and analyzes devel-opment issues of concern to the1AF. The journal is published inEnglish, Spanish, and Porturese.An index of journal articles from1977 to 1992 was published thisyear. To receive Grassroots Devel-opment, the index, or books ormonographs published by theIAF, write to the Inter-AmericanFoundation, Publications Office,901 N. Stuart Street, 10th Floor,Arlington, Virginia 22203.

53

Forthcoming from the IAF in 1994:Nuevas Politicas Urbanas: Las ONG it!os Gobiernos Municipales en la De-nocratizacidn Latinoainericana, editedby Charles A. Reilly, explores rela-tionships among municipal govern-ments, social movements, and non-governmental organizations in sixLatin American countries. Investiga-eiones sobre el Desarrollo de Base:Coleccidn de Articulos y Estudios Basa-dos en las Invectigaciones para el Doe-torado de Becarios de la Fundacidn In-teratnericana, edited by WilliamGlade and Charles A. Reilly.

COUNTRY FOCUS SERIES

The Art of ," sociation: NGOs andCivil Society in Colombia, MarionRitchey Vance (1991). Describes theevolution of nongovernmental orga-nizations in Colombia and their im-portant role today in giving the poora stake in their society and a voice inhow the resources and power of thatsociety are used. Spanish version: ElArte de Asociarse: Las ONG I/ la So-eiedad Civil en Colombia (1992).

The Small Farmer Sector in Uruguau:A Partnership in Development Cooper-ation, Cynthia L. Ferrin (1989). Dis-cusses how small farmers havemade a "comeback" with the assis-tance of cooperatives, marketing,and representative organizations.Spanish version: El Sector de los Pe-quenos Productores Agropecuarios tielUraguau: Socio para el Desarrollo(1990).

MONOGRAPHS ANDSPECIAL PAPERS

Evaluating the Impact of GrassrootsDevelopment Fundin:g, Jeffrey A.Avina (1991). Describes an evalua-tion methodology employing bothqualitative and quantitative indica-tors developed through field-basedevaluations of eight IAF-supportedprojects.

The Inter-American Foundation and theSmall- and Micro-Enterprise Sector,Robert G. Blayney and Diane B.Bendahmane (1988). Some impor-tant lessons drawn from the Foun-dation's experience in the urbaninformal sector.

lNillat to Think about Cooperatives: .1from 1-lolivia, Judith Tendler in

collaboration with Kevin Healy andCarol Michaels O'Laughlin (1983). Acomparative analysis of four net-works of Bolivian peasant associa-tions that challenges conventionalthinking on cooperatives.

Thou know I low (1976). A synopsisof insights gained from IAF experi-ence in supporting the initiatives ofLatin American and Caribbean or-ganizations during the agency's firstfive-year period. Spanish version:Ei los Saben Como (1976). Portugueseexcerpt: 0 hisucesso Como Meio deAprendizado (1989).

VIDEOS

Saviw; Their (orner of the Planet:Local Conservationists in fiondura.4(1993). Highlights four communitiesin Honduras responding to environ-,mental pressures while working to-ward a sustainable and improvedlocal economy (37 minutes). Span-.ish: Los Detensores Locales del MedioAnthiente en Honduras: Salvando suRinc On del Plancta.

Alpacas An Andean Gamble (1988).The peasant community of Aquia,Peru, bets on its future by repopu-lating its communal highlands withalpacas (28 minutes). Spanish: At-pacas: El Reto Andino.

he IMWW/I S CollSt ruction Co/If:anylanurica (1986). The story of 55 un-

employed women selected from thepoorer neighborhoods of Kingstonand trained in construction trades(13 minutes). Spanish: La ColectivaFemenina de Construccidn de jamaica.

Teacher's guides are available forall IAF videos.

To borrow a copy of a video atno charge, write to Modern Talk-ing Picture Service, 500 Park StreetNorth, St. Petersburg, Florida33709 (phone: 800-243-6877). Ifyou would like to purchase acopy. send a check or money orderfor $30.00 to the same address.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

FUNDS AVAILABLE TO THE FOUNDATION

The United States Congress annually appropriates funds for use by theInter-American Foundation pursuant td the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,as amended. These funds make up over 65 percent of the Foundation's an-nual budget. The Foundation's other funding source is the Social Progressrmst Fund of the Inter-American Development Bank. The Fund consists ofthe repayment of loans originally made by the United States Governmentunder the Alliance for Progress to various Latin American and Caribbeangovernments and institutions. The Foundation has access to the Fund pur-suant to legislation enacted by the United States Congress in 1973.

CONGRESSIONALAPPROPRIATIONSCongressional Appropriations areused for both program and admin-istrative expenses. Congress appro-priates money annually for a fiscalyear that runs from October 1through September 30.

FY 1970-1978 $50.0 millionFY 1979 $10.0 millionFY 1980 S12.6 millionFY 1981 $15.8 millionFY 1982 512.0 millionFY 1983 $14.0 millionFY 1984 $13.0 millionFY 1985 $12.0 millionFY 1986 511.5 millionFY 1987 $11.8 millionFY 1988 $13.0 millionPI 1989 $16.6 millionFY 1990 $16.9 millionPI 1991 $25.0 millionFY 1992 $25.0 millionFY 1993 $30.9 millionFY 1994 $30.9 million

Support tor democratization has beena yunding principle of the lAT. I fere,a woman certifies her vote in the1993 Honduran presidential election(Photo: Patrick Breslin)

SOCIAL PROGRESSTRUST FUNDSocial Progress Trust Fund re-sources are used for program ex-penses. The funds are available inthe national currencies of 18 coun-tries in which the Foundation sup-ports projects; in each case the cur-rency is used only for the benefit ofthe country of origin. Funds areused to finance activities in agri-culture, education and training,health, housing, land use, smallbusiness, and technical assistance.

1974-19761977-19791980-19821983-19851986-19881989-19911992-1994

Alor

$31.0 million$48.0 million$48.0 million$48.0 million$48.6 million$44.1 million$24.6 million

5 4 1993 IN REVIEW 51

,

1993 Grants

CumulativeGrants

1972-1993

tiewGrants

Gran:Supple-merits

Amount(S in

thousands/Total

Grants(S in

thousands)

Office for theAndean Region 40 40 5,331 8 8 104,031

Bolivia 13 13 1,112 208 22,358

Colombia 7 11 1,243 266 30,489

Ecuador 4 11 1,424 136 16,078

Peru 5 4 865 189 28,296

Venezuela 11 1 687 69 6,810

Office forCentral America 58 39 7,355 671 68,765

Costa Rica 11 11 788 200 12,657El Salvador 19 5 2,042 112 13,033

Honduras 5 12 1,208 120 14,565

Nicaragua 10 6 1,619 97 13,027

Panama 13 5 1,698 142 13,483

Office forGuatemala, Mexico,and the Caribbean 39 44 5,667 1,029 89,019

Anguilla 0 0 0 1 3

Antigua &Barbuda 0 0 0 8 507

Bahamas 0 0 0 7 144

Barbados 0 0 0 10 837Belize 5 2 361 76 3,392Caribbean

Regional 0 3 121 59 6,366Dominica 0 / 22 74 2,260Dominican

Republic 10 5 967 168 15,359

Grenada 0 0 0 17 540

Guatemala 4 11 1,396 136 15,883

Guyana 0 0 0 7 294

Haiti 4 4 638 98 9,523

Jamaica 3 1 91 59 3,615

Mexico 12 15 2,005 260 27,329Montserrat 0 0 0 1 3

NetherlandsAntilles 0 0 0 2 126

St. Kitts &Nevis 0 0 0 6 541

St. Lucia 0 0 0 11 519St. Vincent 0 0 0 12 746Suriname 0 0 0 3 347Trinidad &

Tobago 1 1 66 12 673

Turks &Caicos 0 0 0 2 12


0

CumulativeGrants

1993 Grants 1972-1993

NewGrants

GrantSupple-merits

Amount'(S in

thousands)Total

Grants(S in

thousands)

Office for theSouthern Coneand Brazil 31 72 5,755 961 115,828

Argentina 5 8 925 185 20,078Brazil 3 37 2,266 294 27,207Chile 9 16 1,079 237 38,558Paraguay 8 1 771 124 15,284Uruguay 6 10 714 121 14,701

Latin AmericanRegional 2 7 346 114 7,474

Total 170 197 24,454 3,643 385,117

"Includes grants and supplements.

-.4.'.

4

Margarito Mejfa visits a model farm supported byALTERTEC near Chimaltenango, Guatemala. ALTERTECtrains small-scale farmers and agricultural extensionists inalternative technologies that are environmentally friendly.(Photo: Patrick Breslin)

05 BEST COPY AVAILABLE

The Inter-American Foundation responds to proposalsfrom nongovernmental organizations in Latin Americaand the Caribbean. Foundation grants complement localresources for self-help programs and projects that benefitand involve people of low incomes and limited opportu-nities. Project activities should ultimately be sustainablebeyond the period of the Foundation's grant and offerpromise for demonstration, expansion, or replication inother settings.

Organizations interested in submitting a proposal forFoundation funding are encouraged to obtain an initialreaction to their project by sending a brief letter of in-quiry, preferably three to five pages. The letter shouldcontain the following information:

Organizational Information: A description of thegroup that will implement the project, including itshistory and current activities, structure and staff,sources of financing, and relationships with otherinstitutions;

Project Background: The background of the pro-posed project, including its origin and objectives,and the significance of the problems it would helpsolve;

Project Activities: A description of the project activi-ties, including the time frame and intended benefi-ciaries; and

Budget: The funds needed for the project, includingthe amount requested from the Foundation as wellas funds available from the organization itself andother sources.

If the above information fits within the IAF countryprogram and budget, then a full proposal will be re-quested. It normally takes four to six months for theFoundation to reach a decision to fund. Once a project isapproved, the IAF enters into a formal agreement withthe prospective grantee that specifies the activities to beconducted and the financial and administrative proce-dures to be followed. The Foundation requires financialand narrative reports on project activities every sixmonths. In most cases, it also requires (and pays for) pe-riodic audits by a local auditing firm. A Foundation rep-resentative or designee will visit the project site severaltimes a year to monitor progress toward agreed-uponproject goals and, in some cases, to arrange evaluations.

All letters, proposals, and inquiries should be sent to:

Office of ProgramsInter-American Foundation901 N. Stuart Street10th FloorArlington, Virginia 22203 USA

® Printed on recycled paper

41111lieci.

Grant proposals should include a description of projectactivities, such as the preparation of rotafolios shown here.RotatOlios arc a series of posters that extensionists from theCapacttacitin Integral de la Muier Campesina use to teachmobile civics courses in Bolivia's Oruro Department. Used atcommunity meetings, rotatOlios are an effective tool forinvolving altiplano women in discussions about tlw dailyhardships facing their families and deciding what might bedone to change them. Posters often incorporate printed wordsto stimulate literacy training. (Photo: Fernando Soria)

Coordination: Marnie S. Morrione'Production and Editing: Maria E. Barry and Ron Weber*Foreign Language Editions:Leyda AppelDesign and Printer: Government Printing Office

'contractor

56SEP COPY AVAIIABLI

ed 370 756 rc 019 669 title 1993. 93 reports · 2014-05-07 · document resume ed 370 756 rc 019...

Documents