A DoD Information Analysis CenterSponsored by JANNAF and DTIC

Vol. 32, No. 4 July 2006 News and Information for the Greater Propulsion Community

The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering is pleased to announce the appointment of Dr. Edmund K. S. “Ed” Liu as the new Director of CPIAC, effective 12 June 2006. Ed

succeeds Dr. William Hufferd who served as CPIA(C) Director from June 1995 through August 2005. Ed comes to CPIAC after a 26-year career at Aerojet in Sacramento, California, where he held the position of Technical Principal in Energetic Materials Chemistry, Engineering and Technology. In this capacity, he served as Integrated Product Team (IPT) group lead for the synthesis and characterization of energetic materials and new compounds for transition from the laboratory to pilot plant operations, and supported business development opportunities for the commercialization of specialty chemicals and energetic materials. Ed served as principal investigator for a number of solid propellant and energetic materials-related programs including the Energetic Propellant Formulation Characterization Program, NASA Solid Propulsion Integrity Program (SPIP), Chemical Migration/Reaction Modeling, Ballistic Missile Bonding Technology, Rational Bond Test Development, TNT Wastewater, Peacekeeper Aging and Surveillance, Aging Evaluation of SR116 Sidewinder, and BN-7 Polymer Production. Dr. Liu previously managed 33 individuals in solid rocket propellant research, development, and manufacturing.

Inside This Issue

JANNAF CS and APS Subcommittee Panel Activities.................................7

JANNAF Subcommittee “Best” Paper Recognitions...................................10

CS/APS/PSHS Joint Meeting..........10

U.S. DoD Explosives Safety Seminar...........................................11

Challenging Research for Next Generation Rocket Scientists.........12

EPTS/SPIRITS Meeting Review.......14

2006 Team America Rocketry Challenge .......................................15

Technical/Bibliographic Inquiries...2Bulletin Board/Mtg.Reminders........3JANNAF Meeting Calendar........back

Ed Liu Named CPIAC Director

continued on page 4

continued on page 6

Vega Launcher Development on Track for First Launch in 2007

Dr. Edmund K. S. “Ed” Liu welcomes visitors to his new office at CPIAC.

Development of Vega, Europe’s future launch system for small payloads, continued in the first half of 2006 with the completion of a dedicated test facility for the directional control system of the main engine, and the recently

conducted initial static test of its second-stage solid rocket motor (SRM), the Zefiro 23. Vega is a 30-meter (98.4 ft) high, single-body launcher composed of three SRM boost stages (P80, Zefiro 23 and Zefiro 9) and a liquid propellant Altitude and Vernier Upper Module (AVUM), designed to finalize orbit insertion, provide orbital maneuvering capability and accomplish payload separation. The three monolithic SRM boosters are high mass fraction, high performance motors, incorporating high strength, filament-wound graphite composite case construction, high solids-loading aluminized propellants, consumable igniters and low cost carbon/carbon nozzles.

At liftoff, Vega will have a total mass of 137 tons, enabling it to place a 1500-kg payload into orbit. Designed to launch small payloads into the polar and low-Earth orbits used by many scientific and Earth observation missions, Vega will complement the wide range of payloads that can be launched from Europe’s Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana.

Page � CPIAC Bulletin/Vol. 3�, No. 4, July �006

The Chemical Propulsion Information Analysis Center (CPIAC), a DoD Information Analysis Center, is sponsored and administratively managed by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). CPIAC is responsible for the acquisition, compilation, analysis, and dissemination of information and data relevant to chemical, electric, and nuclear propulsion technology. In addition, CPIAC provides technical and administrative support to the Joint Army-Navy-NASA-Air Force (JANNAF) Interagency Propulsion Committee. The purpose of JANNAF is to solve propulsion problems, affect coordination of technical programs, and promote an exchange of technical information in the areas of missile, space, and gun propulsion technology. A fee commensurate with CPIAC products and services is charged to subscribers, who must meet security and need-to-know requirements.

The Bulletin is published bimonthly and is available free of charge to the propulsion community. Reproduction of Bulletin articles is permissible, with attribution. Neither the U.S. Government, CPIAC, nor any person acting on their behalf, assumes any liability resulting from the use or publication of the information contained in this document, or warrants that such use or publication of the information contained in this document will be free from privately owned rights. The content of the Bulletin is approved for public release, and distribution is unlimited.

Paid commercial advertisements published in the Bulletin do not represent any endorsement by CPIAC.

Editor: Rosemary Dodds 410-992-1905, ext. 219 Fax 410-730-4969E-mail: rdodds@jhu.eduTechnical Advisors: Caitlin Eubank, Michael Fisher, and Peter Zeender The Johns Hopkins University/CPIAC10630 Little Patuxent Parkway, Suite 202Columbia, Maryland 21044-3286CPIAC Director: Dr. Edmund K. S. Liu

CPIAC is a JANNAF- and DTIC-sponsored DOD Information Analysis Center operated

by The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering

under contract W91QUZ-05-D-3003World Wide Web: www.cpiac.jhu.edu

Copyright © 2006by The Johns Hopkins University

CPIAC’s Technical/Bibliographic

Inquiry ServiceCPIAC offers a variety of services to its subscribers, including responses to technical/

bibliographic inquiries. Answers are usually provided within three working days and take the form of telephoned, telefaxed, electronic or written technical summaries. Customers are provided with copies of JANNAF papers, excerpts from technical reports, bibliographies of pertinent literature, names of recognized experts, propellant/ingredient data sheets, computer program tapes and instructions, and/or theoretical performance calculations. The CPIAC staff responds to nearly 800 inquiries per year from over 180 customer organizations. CPIAC invites inquiries via telephone, fax, e-mail, or letter. For further information, please contact Tom Moore at 410-992-9951, or by e-mail to: tmoore@jhu.edu. Representative recent inquiries includethe following:

BIBLIOGRAPHIC INQUIRIES

TECHNICAL INQUIRIES

•  Space Shuttle RSRM-derived Five Segment Booster; 13 citations (Req. 24608).

•  TATB and TATB formulations; 308 citations (Req. 24518).

•  Extinguishable propellants; 36 citations (Req. 24682).

•  Apollo Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) descent engine; 13 citations (Req. 24585).

•  Temperature sensitivity of burning rate for composite rocket propellants at elevated temperatures (Req. 24701)

•  Status of modeling capabilities and activities related to insensitive munitions threats (Req. 24708)

•  Information and references on AF-M315E monopropellant based on hydroxylammonium nitrate (Req. 24723)

•  Thrust-time and pressure-time profiles for Mk 117 JATO rocket motor (Req. 24741)

•  Hydrazine compatibility, particularly with mylar (Req. 24754)

•  Methods to reduce the acidity of nitrate ester plasticizers, particularly TEGDN (Req. 24759)

•  Nozzle configuration, performance data, and propellant composition for Orion motors used in the Pegasus small launch vehicle (Req. 24767)

•  Procedures called out in the U.K. DOSG EMTAP manual of tests (Req. 24700)

Page 3 CPIAC Bulletin/Vol.3�, No. 4, July �006

The Bulletin Board Various  meetings  and  events  of  interest  are  listed  below. We  welcome all  such 

announcements, so that the propulsion community can be better served with timely information.  For  additional  industry  meetings,  visit    our  Calendar  of  Meetings  & Symposia at   http://www.cpiac.jhu.edu/meetings/.  The JANNAF Calendar appears on the back page.

42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference/Exposition9-12 July 2006Sacramento, CAPOC:  www.aiaa.org

DoD Diminishing Manufacturing Sources and Material Shortages (DMSMS) Conference10-13 July 2006 Charlotte, NC POC:  www.ndia.org

33rd International Pyrotechnics Seminar16-21 July 2006Fort Collins, COPOC: www.ipsusa.org/ips33.htm or e-mail to lcrouse@ara.com

International Symposium on Combustion6-11 August 2006 Heidelberg, Germany POC:  www.combustioninstitute.org

Integrated Systems Health Management Conference14-17 August 2006Cincinnati, OHPOC: http://www.usasymposium.com/ishm/default.htm

32nd U.S. Department of Defense Explosives Safety Seminar22-24 August 2006Philadelphia, PAPOC: Mary Gannaway (CPIAC) e-mail:  mtg@jhu.edu

Third International Conference on Green Propellants for Space Propulsion17-20 September 2006Poitiers Futuroscope - FrancePOC: Charles.Kappenstein@univ-poitiers.frPhone: 33 5 49 45 38 60http://sfa.univ-poitiers.fr/green_propellants

Space 200619-21 September 2006San Jose, CAPOC:  www.aiaa.org

Space 2006: Space Challenge of 21st Century19-29 September 2006  Sevastopol, Crimea, Ukraine (Hotel “ Cape Aja”)For additional information, e-mail to: space@chph.ras.ru 

14th AIAA/ AHI Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference6-9 November 2006Canberra, AustraliaPOC:  www.aiaa.org

Meeting Reminders

32nd U.S. DoD Explosives Safety Seminar

(DDESS)22-24 August 2006Philadelphia, PA

For more information, read meeting preview on page 11or contact Mary Gannaway at

410-992-7304, ext. 211;e-mail: mtg@jhu.edu.

41st Combustion/29th Airbreathing Propulsion/

23rd Propulsion Systems Hazards

Joint Subcommittee Meeting

4-8 December 2006San Diego, CA

Contact Debbie Eggleston at 410-992-7300, ext. 202 or via e-mail to

dse@jhu.edu.Additional information provided

on page 10.

Don’t forget to visit the JANNAF

Web site atwww.jannaf.org

for up-to-date meeting information

and other valuableJANNAF resources.

Page 4 CPIAC Bulletin/Vol. 3�, No. 4, July �006

The static firing of the Zefiro 23 motor was performed on 26 June, at the Italian Ministry of Defense test center in Salto di Quirra, Sardinia. The 7.5m tall, 2m diameter motor delivered more than 100 metric tons of thrust (1,070 kN), burning some 24 metric tons of solid propellant in 75 seconds. Antonio Fabrizi, director of launchers for the European Space Agency (ESA), noted that although the Zefiro 23 is one of the largest composite-cased SRMs ever test fired in Western Europe, it will be dwarfed shortly by the first firing of Vega’s first stage motor, the P80, with its 88 tons of propellant, in Kourou this November.

The P80 booster includes a thrust vector control (TVC) system, consisting of two electromechanical actuators that operate a movable nozzle, providing pitch and yaw control for the launcher during flight. In order to characterize the TVC system performance under conditions expected to occur during flight, and to verify the functionality of the control loop, a dedicated validation facility has been constructed at ELV S.p.A, in Colleferro (Italy). ELV S.p.A., a company formed by Avio S.p.A. and the Italian Space Agency (ASI), is the prime contractor to ESA for development of the Vega launcher. Measuring the performance of the control loop of Vega’s first stage began in May.

The TVC Validation Model allows examination of all aspects of system performance using fully representative hardware, specifically:

•  the two electromechanical actuators and their associated electronics unit – both designed and manufactured by SABCA of Belgium

•  a mechanically representative model of the rocket nozzle – designed and manufactured by Snecma Propulsion Solide of France

•  a battery set employing lithium-ion technology – designed and manufactured by Saft of France

The design, manufacture and assembly of the components of the TVC Validation Model have been led by Europropulsion SA, the Prime Contractor for the P80 main engine.

The TVC subsystem tests are expected to last for several months to verify the control sequence that will be used during the first P80 motor static firing test, scheduled to be conducted in Kourou during the last quarter of 2006.

Additional milestones reached by the Vega development program in recent months include the initial static firing of the Zefiro 9 third stage SRM, and key tests of the igniter technology to be used on all three boost motors.

The Zefiro 9 motor, with an overall height of 3.17 meters and a diameter of 1.92 meters, contains a propellant mass of 10 tons and provides a maximum thrust of 305 kN. Initial examination of the test data indicates that everything went well during the first static firing conducted in December 2005, at Salto de Quirra. Data collected during and after the static test will enable engineers from Avio and ELV to check the following:

Vega Launcher Development.....continued from page 1

continued on page 5

P80 SRM “Battleship Test” Igniter

Courtesy of ESA

Static test firing of the Zefiro �3 second-stage motor of Vega launch vehicle was conducted on �6 June �006 in Salto di Quirra, Sardinia.

Courtesy of ESA-S. Corvaja

Page 5 CPIAC Bulletin/Vol.3�, No. 4, July �006

•  ballistic performance (pressure and thrust curves)

•  internal thermal protection efficiency

•  thrust vector control performance

•  induced thermal and dynamic environment

The Salto di Quirra inter-force missile test centre in Sardinia is run by the Italian Air Force. Avio built a vertical test stand at this site in 1985, to test boosters for the Ariane 3 and Ariane 4 launchers. More recently, the site has been used to test Zefiro 16, the technological model for the Zefiro family of motors, and the first rocket motor built by Avio with a composite case.

After several months of preparation in the Netherlands plant of Aerospace Propulsion Products B.V. (APP) the second set of so-called ‘Battleship’ tests of the igniters was conducted at the NAMMO explosives test range in Norway last September. All test objectives were met, allowing development to proceed. The igniters of the three SRMs all utilize a common architecture: an initial, small pyrotechnic stage followed by a larger main charge, both contained in a consumable composite structure, intended to be (partially) consumed during motor burn.

The so-called ‘Battleship’ test involves firing the all-up igniter in an ambient atmosphere. The test objectives are to verify (under safe conditions) the correct functioning of the all-up igniter and its ignition chain, and to measure critical functional parameters, such as pressure inside the igniter case, gas flow from the exit nozzles, and nozzle erosion.

Vega igniter development includes taking advantage of the commonality of the three motors and the resulting similarity of the igniters, allowing a reduced test matrix. The next step is to test fire igniters that have been aged and submitted to environmental testing, in order to verify performance and repeatability. The final stage of development and demonstration – the testing of the ignition systems in “real” conditions – will begin late this year with the first planned static firing of the P80 rocket motor.

Vega Launcher Development....continued from page 4

P80 TVC Structural Validation Model

Courtesy of ESA

Page 6 CPIAC Bulletin/Vol. 3�, No. 4, July �006

Ed Liu Named CPIAC Director....continued from page 1

Ed has been active in JANNAF activities, regularly serving as a session chairman and authoring numerous technical papers for the Combustion Subcommittee (CS), Propellant and Explosives Development and Characterization Subcommittee (PEDCS), and the Structures and Mechanical Behavior Subcommittee (S&MBS). He served as industry chairman for the S&MBS Service Life Panel from 1995 to 2003. His professional memberships include Sigma XI, the American Chemical Society, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), and the National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA).

Ed’s extensive training in supervision and management includes Six Sigma Leadership Skills, Total Quality Management, Franklin Covey’s Lesson in Leadership courses, and University of California-Davis Management and Executive Management training. His practical experience includes managing and leading diverse work groups for research and development projects. He also has extensive experience interfacing with Government and commercial customers.

Dr. Liu received a Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) in 1977. He received a B.S. in Chemistry from the University of Chicago in 1973 and had a post-doctoral research appointment to the Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1978 to 1979.

In his new position, Ed will manage approximately 20 full-time employees who will support the JANNAF and CPIAC mission, and fulfill the requirements of the new 10-year contract awarded in August 2005 which continues JHU’s proud 60+ year heritage of operating CPIAC and its legacy organizations.

At CPIAC, Ed plans to seek opportunities to increase and strengthen involvement of CPIAC with the goal of growing the organization. He sees the greatest challenge to be retention of corporate knowledge in propulsion for the next generation of rocket scientists. CPIAC is in the unique position to collect, catalog and critically analyze the information from throughout the industry. Ed will continue to support database development and enhanced use of electronic resources to provide rapid, meaningful and cost effective analyses for its users.

Ed is a native of Hawaii. He and his wife Edwina have two daughters, Jennifer (23) and Katherine (21). He can be reached at CPIAC at 410-992-7300, ext. 203 or by e-mail to edmund.liu@cpiac.jhu.edu. The CPIAC team is proud to welcome Ed as the new Director of CPIAC!

Page � CPIAC Bulletin/Vol.3�, No. 4, July �006

continued on page 8

The twelve JANNAF Subcommittees are most often associated with the meetings they host and the standards they publish for the JANNAF community. In addition to fulfilling these functions, each subcommittee is engaged in hosting various technical panels, which have been formed for the purpose of exploring and addressing a task of interest across the JANNAF agencies.

Previous issues of the CPIAC Bulletin have featured the ongoing work of various technical panels; this issue will highlight panels that are sponsored by the Combustion Subcommittee (CS) and the Airbreathing Propulsion Subcommittee (APS). All of the panels are actively recruiting new participants, so if any of the following activities are of interest to you, please contact the panel chairs listed, or Ron Fry, CPIAC’s Technical Representative for these subcommittees.

Combustion Subcommittee (CS) Panels

Kinetic and Related Aspects of Propellant Combustion Chemistry Panel

Co-chair: Dr. Richard R. Behrens, Sandia National Laboratories, (925) 294-2170, rbehren@sandia.gov Co-chair: Dr. Frederick S. Blomshield, Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, China Lake, (760) 939-3650,fred.blomshield@navy.mil

The development of predictive models of gas-phase combustion has been quite successful, drawing on over sixty years of basic research in the area of gas phase kinetics. The development of models to characterize the reaction kinetics in the condensed phase has been more problematic. The objective of this panel is to develop a consensus on the modeling, diagnostics and chemical kinetics of propellant combustion phenomena on a detailed chemical level to improve their understanding for gun and rocket applications. The panel is currently focused on two areas: 1) providing a forum for addressing high-temperature gas-phase combustion issues related to new needs in the areas of chemical propulsion and munitions, 2) defining technical needs and challenges for solid propellant technology and providing a forum to address these needs and challenges.

Propellant Burning Rate Control and Tailoring Panel 

Co-chair: Dr. Barrie Homan, US Army Research Laboratory, (410) 306-0932, bhoman@arl.army.milCo-chair: Dr. Chris Michienzi (formerly Walsh), Naval Surface Warfare Center, (301) 744-2554, christine.michienzi@navy.mil

Burning rate tailoring has been an empirical art to date. The objective of this panel is to fill the need to create a unified approach to the selection of suitable ingredients and geometries that together will provide the degree of burn rate tailoring desired to provide high-performance gun propulsion. Combustion theory and chemical kinetics modeling will provide insight into processes governing gas evolution rates, and will assist in the identification of new, non-traditional, or rediscovered chemistries of potential value in achieving desired levels of burn rate control in advanced propellant formulations. The panel is continuing to explore establishing working groups in the following areas: 1) Propellant Ingredients and Synthesis; 2) Propellant Formulation; 3) Combustion and Kinetic Modeling; 4) Combustion Experimentation and Ballistics; and 5) System Analysis. The panel is also working cooperatively with CPIAC to populate a Gun Propellant Database for industry-wide use.

Flow Field Diagnostics Panel

Chair: Dr. Jeff Balla, NASA Langley Research Center, (757) 864-4608, r.j.balla@larc.nasa.gov

A need exists for improved design of benchmark experiments for optimizing program test matrix and results. The objective of this panel is to explore the current state of the art in non-intrusive diagnostics and future important capabilities on the horizon and identify those that could be made more readily available with encouragement from the user community. The panel is focusing upon cooperative discussions between engine designers, experimentalists, and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) community, while emphasizing the following five areas for new instrumentation development: 1) In situ measurement capability using onboard and ground-based sensors capable of operation at extreme temperatures and pressures; 2) Methods capable of spectroscopic measurements at high pressures; 3) Methods with increased wavelength accessibility and agility; 4) Development of multiplexed diode lasers as a sensing element for onboard systems; 5) Instrumentation directed toward data acquisition for model validation in techniques.

Multi-Purpose Reactive Materials Panel

Co-chair: Dr. Barrie Homan, US Army Research Laboratory, (410) 306-0932, bhoman@arl.army.milCo-chair: Dr. Rose Pesce-Rodriguez, (410) 306-0885, rose@arl.army.mil

Reactive Materials (RM) formulations represent a technology of enormous importance to the DoD that can provide revolutionary enhancements to munitions lethality, effectiveness, safety, survivability, and reduced life cycle costs. This panel will bring together researchers engaged in multidisciplinary research to develop a basic and applied understanding of the physics, chemistry, and dynamical behavior of RM formulations and emerging design and assessment tools. The panel is focusing on the development and

JANNAF Subcommittee Panels Take on Additional Activities

Page 8 CPIAC Bulletin/Vol. 3�, No. 4, July �006

continued on page 9

JANNAF Panel Activities.... continued from page �

application of theoretical and experimental methods to determine and validate mechanisms at the appropriate time and length scales for RM formulation properties and dynamical behavior. This includes experimental and modeling investigations to (1) assess and characterize RM initiation, ignition, and combustion and chemical energy released in the form of heat and pressure; (2) understand and evaluate the energy release mechanisms; (3) develop an understanding of the factors and processes to minimize undesired or premature initiation; (4) develop fuel/oxidizer/binder equation of state (EOS); (5) assess the relationships between material ingredients and fabrication processes with associated initiation and energy release; and (6) understand the physical and performance characteristics of RM with acceptable mechanical properties.

Chemical and Transport Properties of Fuels

Session organizer: Dr. Julian Tishkoff, AFOSR, (703) 696-8478, julian.tishkoff@afosr.af.milCS TSG Chair: Dr. Phil Drummond, NASA LaRC, (757) 864-2298, j.p.drummond@larc.nasa.gov

Multiple Specialist Sessions are scheduled for the December 2006 Meeting to investigate the community’s interest for a CS panel designed to examine the needs and approaches for incorporating the chemical and transport properties of current and future alternative fuels into propulsion system design. A particular focus of this objective is the modeling of hydrocarbon fuels in computational design methodology. The first session will address ongoing research to provide a basic understanding of real fuels in propulsion systems. The presentations will address combustion chemistry and transport behavior. The second session will provide examples of current research to develop modeling and experimental tools to study real fuel behavior. The concluding session will be an open discussion focusing on deficiencies that need to be addressed in future research and the establishment of transitioning paths to facilitate the incorporation of fuel characterization capability in the propulsion system design tool box.

Airbreathing Propulsion Subcommittee (APS) Panels

Engine Testing and Validation Panel

Chair: Dr. Thomas A. Jackson, Air Force Research Laboratory, (937) 255-7057, Thomas.jackson@wpafb.af.mil

The need for standards for the airbreathing propulsion test community was identified in order to benefit organizations and personnel new to this type of testing. The publication of techniques, standards and guidelines in the form of manuals was also considered to be a valuable reference for those already experienced in this field. Specific objectives of this panel are to evaluate and standardize test techniques for ramjet, scramjet, and combined/mixed cycle engines and components, including expendable turbojet and pulsed detonation engines. This includes evaluation of engine components and installed and un-installed engines, corrections for test medium defects, flow-field non-uniformities, Reynolds number and other flow errors, instrument selection and placement, and special test devices, such as jet stretchers and ejectors needed to obtain proper flow simulation. Issues related to all types of facilities, including transient, unsteady, and intermittent, are to be addressed. Two working groups (WG) currently exist:

Scramjet Engine Test Standards - Formed in 1998, this WG has been successful in releasing the 2nd Edition, CPIA Publication 710, Scramjet Propulsion Testing Standards, Recommended Practices and Guidelines, (Dec 2005). The WG conducts quarterly telephone conferences to discuss maturing selected practices and guidelines into test standards. Organizations conducting such testing are encouraged to have a representative on the Liaison Subgroup, which assesses future test standards. Contact Dr. James Weber, AFRL, (937) 656-4312, James.Weber@wpafb.af.mil, for more information on this WG.Scramjet Test Medium Effects - Formed in 2001, this WG is seeking to better define the influences of the test medium in ground-based testing, and is focusing efforts upon a HYSET-like flowpath in the 8’ NASA LaRC facility at the conditions planned for the Air Force single-engine demonstrator (SED) tests. An Engine Flowpath Subgroup is working to identify the ranges of gas dynamic properties through engine flowpaths for hypersonic trajectory applications. A Ground Test Subgroup is working to determine the magnitude of deviations in ground test facilities from flight conditions due to ground test medium effects. Finally, the Computational Tools Subgroup is working to identify and assess the CFD and chemical kinetics tools available to “correct” ground test data to flight conditions. Contact Dr. Wally Chinitz, (631) 737-6100, ext. 123, wallace.chinitz@atk.com, for more information this WG.

Component-Level and Physical Modeling Panel

Co-chair: Dr. Douglas L. Davis, Air Force Research Laboratory, (937) 255-7302, douglas.davis@wpafb.af.milCo-chair: Dr. Robert Baurle, NASA LaRC, (757) 864-9016, r.a.baurle@larc.nasa.gov

The need exists for standardized analysis procedures to enable valid and useful modeling and simulations associated with ramjet, scramjet, and combined cycle engines. The objective of this panel is to standardize modeling and simulation nomenclature, protocol and operational practices, and catalog and evaluate archival data; assist users with JANNAF-sponsored models and simulations; and to develop techniques and procedures to deal with modeling and simulation needs and problems related to airframe integration, engine cycle analysis, aerothermochemical analysis, and testing of propulsion systems. The following two working groups (WG) currently exist:

1.

2.

Page 9 CPIAC Bulletin/Vol.3�, No. 4, July �006

JANNAF Panel Activities.... continued from page 8

Component Level Numerical Analysis Issues - This WG is developing feedback to the experimentalists on the type of data needed to validate codes or numerical models and the value of this data to the overall process of modeling physical phenomena. A goal is to construct a CFD Validation and Verification Database.Component Development Using Synergy Between Experimental and Numerical Analysis – This WG is focused on bringing experimentalists and CFD developers together on selected problems of current importance. This WG recently conducted a joint APS/CS Workshop on “Prediction and measurement of lean blowout in scramjet combustors.”

Fuels Panel

Chair: Dr. James T. (Tim) Edwards, Air Force Research Laboratory, (937) 255-3524, james.edwards@wpafb.af.mil

The need exists for determining fuel specifications based on systems requirements and capabilities, assessing fuel property implications on system and component performance, and standardizing fuel characterization and test procedures. Fuels include liquids, slurries, solids, cryogenics and special fuels for combined cycle engines. The objectives of this panel are to address these needs. Panel members have contributed to the following activities: 1) supported updates to the fuel section of the CPIA/M6 Airbreathing Propulsion Manual; 2) assisted in the evaluation of the new fuel properties in support of programs such as RATTLRS and HyFly; 3) coordinated the fuels research between DoD and NASA under the umbrella of the National Aerospace Initiative; 3) involved in improving chemical kinetic models for combustion of complex distillate fuels like JP-8 and JP-7; 4) contributed to the “Fuels and Fuel Systems” chapter for CPIA Publication 710, 2nd Edition; and 5) assisted in the update of the RP-1 specification MIL-DTL-25576D, which now includes “RP-2,” an ultra-low-sulfur version of RP-1 that has seen some testing as a JP-7 replacement fuel for scramjet engines.

Structures and Materials Panel

Chair: Dr. Andrew J. Eckel, NASA Glenn Research Center, (216) 433-8185, andrew.j.eckel@nasa.gov

The need exists to develop analytical and experimental techniques and solutions to problems in the structures and materials of ramjet, scramjet, and combined cycle engines and their installations. This panel is addressing these objectives, to include evaluation of insulators, ablators, bonding systems, and case materials; design of actively cooled surfaces; routing and management of coolant streams; and other issues relating to the structures and material systems of an aerospace vehicle. The panel is focused upon developing a document that describes: 1) State-of-the-Art of Propulsion (Airbreathing) Structures and Materials Requirements and Technical Shortfalls; 2) Design Criteria and Guidelines; and, 3) Testing Methods for Proper Validation. The first “chapter” of the document, covering all three areas, is planned for actively cooled composite structures.

Advanced Engine Cycle Panel

Chair: Dr. David Van Wie, JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, (443) 778-5194, david.vanwie@jhuapl.edu

The need exists for standardizing nomenclature, experimental measurements, data analysis, performance predictions and performance reporting for advanced cycle engines. This panel is addressing these objectives to include fuel flow measurement, air specification, and airflow determination and thrust measurement. Interest exists in standardizing methodologies for correcting measured data to standard conditions, and for predicting flight performance from static test data. Efforts are currently being pursued to define reference test cases for evaluating advanced engine cycles. Three potential reference test cases being pursued to allow the comparison of community engine cycle codes used to analyze and calculate the engine performance include the following: 1) Rocket Based Combined Cycle (RBCC) dataset generated at Pennsylvania State University; 2) X-43A flight test dataset generated by NASA; 28 sets of data were distributed to industry and it may be worth providing a forum for these agencies to report their analysis findings; and 3) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s (DARPA) High Cause Program that will provide Mach 10 flight test data. A workshop to generate and assess analysis accuracies is planned for the December 2006 APS Meeting.

Active Combustion Control Panel

Co-chair: Dr. Dan Bulzan, NASA Glenn Research Center, (216) 443-5848, dan.l.Bulzan@nasa.govCo-chair: Dr. Louis A. Povinelli, NASA Glenn Research Center, (216) 433-5818, louis.a.povinelli@lerc.nasa.gov

The use of advanced active combustion control technology is of great interest for improving the performance and operating characteristics of gas turbines, rockets, and ramjets. The panel’s interest is focused upon encouraging coordinated government, industry, and academia R&D programs and monitoring related activities specifically focusing on selected actuator and control technologies. The panel is currently assessing how best to contribute to ongoing R&D such as AFOSR’s interests associated with their research on plasma jets and AFRL/Edward’s interests associated with their research on gas turbines and rockets.

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Page 10 CPIAC Bulletin/Vol. 3�, No. 4, July �006

41st Combustion/29th AirbreathingPropulsion/23rd Propulsion Systems Hazards Joint Subcommittee Meeting

The Joint Army-Navy-NASA-Air Force (JANNAF) 41st Combustion (CS)/29th Airbreathing Propulsion (APS)/ 23rd Propulsion Systems Hazards (PSHS) Joint Subcommittee Meeting will be held Monday through Friday, December 4-8, 2006 at the Sheraton San Diego Hotel and Marina and the Naval Fleet Training Intelligence Center in San Diego, California. Mrs. Alice I. Atwood of the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division in China Lake, Calif. will chair this year’s meeting.

The Meeting Announcement and Call for Papers were distributed to the CS/APS/PSHS communities via e-mail on March 21, 2006. Prospective authors are encouraged to contact respective Subcommittee Technical Area Chairs for feasibility of last-minute abstract submissions and Technical Program needs. Attendance at this JANNAF meeting is restricted to U.S. citizens whose organizations are registered with an appropriately classified contract with the Defense Technical Information Center and certified for receipt of export-controlled technical data with the Defense Logistics Information Service.

For a copy of this Meeting Announcement and Call for Papers, contact Debbie Eggleston, CPIAC at (410) 9920-7300, ext. 202 or via e-mail to: dse@jhu.edu.

2nd Measurement Uncertainty, Concepts and Applications Tutorial

The Chemical Propulsion Information Analysis Center (CPIAC) is sponsoring its second tutorial entitled “Measurement Uncertainty, Concepts and Applications,” which will be conducted in conjunction with the 41st CS/29th APS/23rd PSHS Joint Meeting. The course will be conducted on Sunday and Monday, December 3 and 4 and is intended to complement an Airbreathing Propulsion Workshop on “Scramjet Engine Measurement Uncertainty.”

This course is intended for scientists and engineers interested in evaluating experimental accuracy. It is in complete harmony with the principles of the ISO and other international standards on measurement uncertainty. Included are the basics of the measurement uncertainty model, the use of correlation, curve fitting problems, probability plotting, combining results from different test methods, calibration errors and error propagation for both independent and dependent error sources. Extra attention is placed on the personal problems of developing confidence in uncertainty analysis results and on using measurement uncertainty to select instrumentation systems. Special emphasis on understanding is achieved through discussion, class experiments and the in-class working of problems. After this course, the students will be able to apply uncertainty analysis techniques to most experimental test problems in order to help achieve test objectives in a more productive and cost-effective manner. Students will need to bring calculators to work the experiments and problems.

The fee for the course will be approximately $550 and covers all course materials including a complete set of notes and a copy of the course text, Measurement Uncertainty, Methods and Applications, 3rd Edition, by Ron Dieck. Course registration will be limited to the first 30 applicants – an official announcement and registration information will be forwarded in September 2006.

JANNAF Subcommittee “Best” Papers

1st Spacecraft Propulsion Subcommittee (December 2005)

Title Award Recipients

Chemical Propulsion: “Life Assessment of a Non-Toxic Advanced Monopropellant Catalytic Thruster”

S. Christofferson, E. J. Wucherer, G. Brewster, and T. Cook, Aerojet, Redmond, WA

Hall Thrusters and Ion Engines: “Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster”

W. Hargus, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA, and M. R. Nakles, ERC, Incorporated, Edwards AFB, CA

Advanced Propulsion: “Development of a Solid-Expellant Plasma Contactor (SOLEX): Harnessing the TSS-1R Tether-Break Physics”

N. Stone, SRS Technologies, Huntsville, AL

Page 11 CPIAC Bulletin/Vol.3�, No. 4, July �006

The 32nd U.S. Department of Defense Explosives Safety Seminar will be held August 22-24, 2006 at the Philadelphia Marriott Downtown Hotel, Philadelphia, PA. This seminar, the premier explosives safety event in the world, biennially brings together prominent military, industry, and international experts from the explosives safety community. Technical sessions will provide opportunities for the presentation of papers related to explosives safety matters. Approximately 170 technical papers are scheduled to be presented, covering topics that include Explosives Safety Practices, Siting and Storage, Hazard Classification, Insensitive Munitions, Blast Effects, Risk Methods, and Demilitarization. Exhibitors from organizations active in the explosives safety technical community will be on hand to discuss their products and capabilities.

The deadline for discounted early registration is 11 August. The meeting invitation and registration form are available on the web at: http://www.cpia.jhu.edu/meetings/index.php?action=ddesb. To receive the discounted hotel rate, reservations should be made by 25 July.

Questions concerning attendance should be directed to Mary Gannaway at mtg@jhu.edu (410) 992-7304, ext. 211. Technical questions should be directed to Mr. Brent E. Knoblett, telephone: DSN 221-1375, commercial (703) 325-1375, fax (703) 325-6227; or e-mail: Brent.Knoblett@ddesb.osd.mil.

32nd U.S. Department of Defense Explosives Safety Seminar

JANNAF Journal of Propulsion and Energetics,

a peer-reviewed professional journal for export-controlled and

limited-distribution technical papers,is now accepting manuscripts for the

inaugural 2007 issue. Visit the following link to view the

Author’s Guide for submitting a manuscript: http://www.jannaf.org/

pdfs/Author_Guide.pdf.

Page 1� CPIAC Bulletin/Vol. 3�, No. 4, July �006

The Fredericksburg High School Aeroscience Program (FHSAP) has been evolving over the past ten years with one major initiative in mind: the

development of tomorrow’s innovators. Through the design and implementation of a technical curriculum aimed at bolstering workforce development in the areas of science and engineering, proponents of this initiative are achieving a great deal of success and now seek to expand the scope of the initiative by capturing the unique curriculum in a replicable format for dissemination to other school districts across the state and nation.

The FHSAP has been engaged in this replication effort for the past seven years; the first schools to replicate the program will participate in a teacher training workshop this summer in Fredericksburg, Texas, where teachers will be introduced to the three-step program development plan created to help with the establishment of their own programs. These first-year schools at the workshop will receive the curriculum and information needed to facilitate the initial part of the program in which students design and develop a stable sounding rocket capable of lofting a one-pound research package to an altitude of one mile. This first step, termed the Oberth step, develops the program’s ability to implement the curriculum, locate and acquire requisite materials in a timely manner, fabricate parts, develop teamwork and communication skills, manage funding and schedules, and – most importantly – develop the capability of stable flight through key understanding of the concept. Once a school achieves success with the first step, teachers will return for the second-year workshop and receive the curriculum and support information to accomplish transonic flight. This second step, the Tsiolkovsky step, will focus on developing the program’s ability to incorporate all the knowledge and experience from the first year while students work towards achieving a greater understanding of mass fraction and aerodynamic loads, and develop the skills required to support the vehicle’s structural design. If students are successful with meeting the objectives of transonic flight, the teachers would then return for the third and final year of workshop training, the Goddard year. The training for this third step will focus on teacher and school support for providing high-altitude flight time for a university research package.

This three-step program development plan reflects the same pathway that the FHSAP has followed since its inception in 1996. The first year focused on stable flight through Redbird 1 (RB1), the second year was devoted to transonic flight (RB5 – 833.68 mph), and the third year involved testing the Redbird 8-H to 16,000-ft at White Sands Missile Range.

Fredericksburg (Texas) High School Aeroscience ProgramTechnical challenges of replicating this educational initiative

Presently, the FHSAP is ready to test the RB10-H, a 450-pound sounding rocket designed to loft a fluid research package for Purdue University. Students are also finishing development of the RB11-H, a 500-lb sounding rocket, to launch a Stanford University multiple cubesat array to test the communication architecture.

The aeroscience program has had two concerns with replicating its third step, the Goddard high altitude step, at other school districts. These concerns center on fuel grain and nozzle development. The inert, hybrid propulsion systems that the students have been developing over the past eight years have comprised the same application of inert fuel and oxidizer as SpaceDev’s Space Ship One – Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) and nitrous oxide. The performance parameters have usually specified achieving approximately 1,500-lbf of thrust over a 35-second burn time from the system. Since Fredericksburg High School, like most public education facilities, is unable to fabricate casting grains and pressing composites, the FHSAP has relied for the past eight years on the support of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center and Thiokol to fabricate fuel grains and nozzles to student specifications. If replication of the program is to be successful, schools will need to be able to secure safe, inert, and inexpensive materials for fuel grain and nozzle development within the public education arena.

This dilemma has forced the FHSAP to develop a Research and Development (R&D) spin-off program, where students have been developing testing capabilities to evaluate alternative fuels and nozzle materials. In order to accomplish accurate testing and research, the program developed a facility capable of precise testing controls and accurate data acquisition. Eight years ago, participating students poured a six-cubic-yard concrete slab, which held down an eight-inch I-beam to secure the test sled and was surrounded by three six-foot sand-filled cinder block walls. The first testing at the facility was conducted on a small scale hybrid motor, which helped students understand hybrid propulsion and the ignition difficulties with hybrid systems. The early testing was accomplished using a large analog clock with a second hand, enabling students to throw the switches as close to the specified time as possible from a safe distance. When ignition was accomplished, the thrust level was recorded by an S-type load cell, the single sensor on the test system, using an Instrunet data acquisition system in the back of a mini-van. Documentation was achieved using a video camera on a tripod. The FHSAP facility would need years to ‘evolve’ before it possessed the ability to accomplish legitimate research.

continued on page 13

Editor’s Note: This is the second article in a two-part series on the Fredericksburg High School Aeroscience Program. In the January �006 issue of the CPIAC Bulletin, author Brett Williams described the origins of this unique program.

Page 13 CPIAC Bulletin/Vol.3�, No. 4, July �006

About the AuthorBrett Williams, a graduate of Texas A&M University, has been an

aeroscience and drafting instructor at Fredericksburg High School for ten years. He states that his professional goal is to help raise the standards in education for better workforce development.

NASA, a supporter of FHSAP and its replication initiative, has offered its support to upgrade the static test facility, now named the Humble-Bowden Propulsion Research Center, where credible material testing and research have taken place for the past two years. Named in memory of Dr. Ron Humble (USAFA) and Dr. Michael Bowden (Thiokol), two strong supporters from the early years, the facility, upgraded by the students at FHS, is supported by National Instruments LabVIEW and FieldPoint for data acquisition and testing automation. Today, students can begin a test sequence and leave the facility, returning after the computer has completed the test, shut the system down, and saved the data. Five load cells are used for thrust data and real-time measurement of mass flow data from the oxidizer tank (students are investigating the design or acquisition of a new mass flow rate sensor if funding allows). Four Eaton Aerospace transducers are used to record oxidizer pressure, for pressure sensing in pre-mixing, within the grain, and post-mixing regions in the test cell, as well as for use in a safety loop for test shut-down in the event of any anomalous pressure spikes. Safety was the largest consideration during the design and upgrades of the testing system. Besides the pressure loop shut-down capability set at 900-psi (a 425-psi chamber pressure is expected), there are also pressure relief valves on the system set at 1,000-psi and a burst disc set at 1,100-psi. Pressure is the largest safety issue since only materials with a TNT rating of zero are tested. In the event that all three of the safety pressure systems fail, the nozzle retaining plate is held in place with bolts that will release at 50% of the pressure needed for the one-inch thick 4130 steel test cell to fail. The oxidizer is fed into the test cell using one-inch braided stainless steel lines with a one-inch Moog solenoid actuated valve that reduces phase changes and cavitations of the oxidizer – occurrences with which the FHSAP and its former students have become very familiar. The facility is capable of providing an oxidizer mass flow rate of five-lbs/sec. Ignition is accomplished using a Unison ignitor, and nitrogen purges the system at shut-down in order to cool down the system and maintain all data, such as port i.d. for regression rate analysis. All testing is captured on eight video cameras for documentation of the test from

all angles and to assure security during testing. The FHSAP will be prepared to help other high schools across the state of Texas, and across the country, acquire a safe, inert, material to fabricate a fuel grain and/or nozzle while studying propulsion or developing a sounding vehicle to reach research altitudes.

Presently, the FHSAP is completing work on RB10-H and RB11-H, scheduling tests of both vehicles at White Sands Missile Range in mid-May of 2006. Students are continuing with the fuel grain and nozzle R&D, and they are finishing the development of a 45-ft, transportable launch tower. Future FHSAP efforts, including the development of a new regional technology center to support the replication, dissemination, and management of the aeroscience program, will be funded through the Fredericksburg Education Initiative (FEI).

FHSAP....continued from page 1�

Ceramic-coated aluminum nozzle plate that failed testing.

Students creating test cartridges of inert fuels. The oven, provided through a grant from NASA, is used for curing fuels.

Page 14 CPIAC Bulletin/Vol. 3�, No. 4, July �006

prediction studies, data analysis and code development. Papers on the next generation of plume code development and applications were also presented in an EPTS Specialist Session.

Of note for this meeting, was the presentation of a Lifetime Achievement Award to Mr. Harold Pergament of Propulsion Science & Technology Incorporated. The award was given for 37 years of service to the JANNAF Propulsion Community and was presented to Mr. Pergament by Dr. Billy Walker of RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal.

Overall, this year’s EPTS meeting in Littleton was a huge

success. Meeting attendees agreed that the Deer Creek facility was one of the best meeting locations in recent memory. With the successful conclusion of the meeting, Dr. Kevin Kennedy of RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, will replace Mr. Mark D’Agostino as the EPTS Subcommittee Chairman. The 30th EPTS and 12th SPIRITS Users Group joint meeting is tentatively scheduled for November 2007.

The CD-ROM unclassified pro-ceedings of the 29th EPTS and 11th SPIRITS meeting will be available by the end of July. The classified paper proceedings will be available in August. For ordering information, please contact Ms. Jeanette Inzar at CPIAC at 410-992-7305, ext. 212.

29th Exhaust Plume Technology Subcommittee and 11th SPIRITS User Group Joint Meeting Held in Littleton, Colorado

The 29th Exhaust Plume Technology Subcommittee (EPTS) and 11th Spectral and In-Band Radiometric Imaging of Targets and Scenes (SPIRITS) User Group Joint Meeting was held June 19-23, 2006 at the Lockheed Martin Deer Creek Facility, Littleton, Colorado. Nearly 100 engineers, scientists, program managers, and other specialists were in attendance, with 56 technical papers presented. Throughout the week, there were 8 technical sessions on the exhaust phenomena from aircraft, rockets, ramjets, space, and gun propulsion systems. Technical session topics included: plume flowfield, plume radiation, plume effects, plume interactions, vehicle design effects, and spacecraft contamination. Mr. Mark D’Agostino of NASA Marshall Space Flight Center served as the EPTS meeting chair and Ms. Robin Miller of Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, Point Mugu served as the SPIRITS meeting chair.

Papers were presented on a range of topics including: signature modeling, measurements of engine plumes, hot parts temperature modeling, helicopter modeling, aircraft landing lights, plume model validation, flowfield simulations, cold-flow plume entrainment, silo fly-out simulations, model – data comparisons, missile staging simulations, axi-symmetric wake flow, plume signature modulations, afterburning events, plume radiation transfer, plume signature

Mr. Harold Pergament (left), Propulsion Science & Technology, Inc., receives the JANNAF Lifetime Achievement Award from Dr. Billy Walker, RDECOM.

(From left) Mark D’Agostino, EPTS Chair, Robin Miller, SPIRITS Chair, and Caitlin Eubank, CPIAC Technical Representative.

�006 EPTS/SPIRITS Meeting Attendees

Page 15 CPIAC Bulletin/Vol.3�, No. 4, July �006

People in Propulsion

Team America Rocketry Challenge Crowns New Champion

A team from Statesville Christian School in Statesville, N.C. won the Team America Rocketry Challenge on May 20, 2006, dedicating the victory to two team members who died in separate car accidents. The team -- Myles Dunlap, Will Cobb, and Michael Goetz -- beat out 99 other squads of middle and high school students facing off in the final

round of the world’s largest rocket contest. The team’s score of 1.79 reflected a perfect altitude of 800 feet and was just shy of two seconds off the target flight time

of 45 seconds. The winning rocket bore the names of Nathan Peeler and John Nichols, former teammates who worked on the contest but died tragically in the months leading up to the final competition. “It was really hard to go on at first,” Dunlap said. “But we decided we would press on and dedicate it to them.”

Notre Dame Academy in Toledo, Ohio took second place with a score of 1.93, while West Point/Beemer Junior/Senior High School in West Point, Neb. placed third with a score of 2.91. The winners shared a prize pool of more than $60,000 with other top finishers. The team also won a trip to the Farnborough International Airshow near London in July, a new prize paid for by Aerospace Industries Association member company Raytheon.

It was the fourth year for the contest, a joint effort between AIA and the National Association of Rocketry sponsored by NASA, the Department of Defense, the Civil Air Patrol and 39 AIA member companies. Additional information on the Team America Rocketry Challenge may be found on the Web at http://www.rocketcontest.org.

Excerpted from a press release, dated 5/�0/06, by Matt Grimison, Aerospace Industries Association. 

The team from Statesville Christian School in Statesville, N.C., is honored after winning first place in the Team America Rocketry Challenge on May �0. The students are, from left, Myles Dunlap, Will Cobb, and Michael Goetz; also included in the photo are Trip Barber, National Association of Rocketry, far left in white shirt; Raytheon Executive Vice President of Business Development Tom Culligan in black shirt and hat; and Buzz Aldrin, far right.

In Search of.... SBIRs to Spotlight

Have you been awarded a Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) contract for propulsion- or energetics-related development or design?

Let us know and we’ll spotlight your work and share your news with our Bulletin subscribers.Contact CPIAC Editor Rosemary Dodds, 410-992-1905, ext 219, or by e-mail to rdodds@cpiac.jhu.edu.

JANNAF Meeting Calendar

41st Combustion/29th Airbreathing Propulsion/23rd Propulsion Systems Hazards Joint Subcommittee Meeting

4-8 December 2006Abstract Deadline: 29 May 2006

Paper and Presentation Deadline: 30 October 2006Sheraton San Diego Hotel & Marina

San Diego, CAPh. 619-291-2900 (Refer to JANNAF Group)

Hotel Reservation Deadline: 6 November 2006Reg. Forms due at CPIAC by: 20 November 2006

16th Nondestructive Evaluation/25th Rocket Nozzle Technolgy/38th Structures and Mechanical Behavior

Joint Subcommittee Meeting20-22 March 2007

Hyatt Regency Newport Hotel and SpaNewport, RI

Policy on Non-Government Attendees at JANNAF Meetings. Attendance at unclassified meetings for non-government employees is restricted to U.S. citizens whose organizations are 1) registered with the Defense Logistics Information Service (DLIS) and 2) registered with the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) OR are certified by a sponsoring government official from one of the participating JANNAF agencies. Additional information concerning registrations with DTIC or DLIS can be obtained by contacting DTIC at 1-800-225-3842 (www.dtic.mil/dtic/registration/index.html) or DLIS at 1-800-352-3572 (www.dlis.dla.mil/jcp/). The requirement for attendance at classified JANNAF meetings remains unchanged.

The following meeting is also administered by CPIAC:

32nd U. S. Department of Defense Explosives Safety Seminar22-24 August 2006

Abstract Deadline: PastPaper and Presentation Deadline: 7 August 2006

Philadelphia Mariott HotelPhiladelphia, PA

Ph. 215-625-2900 (Refer to DDESB Group)Hotel Reservation Deadline: 6 August 2006

Reg. Forms due at CPIAC by: 11 August 2006