edrs participants & recruitment · 2013-10-25 · • use patterns and median days remained...
TRANSCRIPT
• EDRS participants & Recruitment
• Key findings for drug use patterns & drug markets
• Risk behaviours
• Help seeking
• Implications
809 852
810 752 741
678 756
693
574 607 686
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Source: EDRS interviews
Number of EDRS participants 2003-2013
• Broadened criteria to monthly psychostimulant use
• 11% participants were not REU (n=75)
• Mean age 23 years
• Male (67%)
• English speaking background (97%)
• Heterosexual (88%)
• Tertiary educated (44%)
• Unemployed (16%)
• Currently in drug treatment (3%)
• Proportions similar to previous years
Source: EDRS interviews
* includes licit and illicit use
61
34
14
98.8 97
86
50
36 43
32 33 27
33
17 25
19 15 12 6
0102030405060708090
100
2012 2013
52 50 51
45
39 37
42 38
27 32 33
12 13
12 15 14 13
17 16 20 19 23
5 5
8
5 10
11 8
14
13 6
3
6
5
9 12 11
15 18
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
% r
ep
ort
ed
us
e
Ecstasy Cannabis Cocaine Alcohol
• Preference for ecstasy is steady at 33% as the drug of choice
•Preference for Cocaine as a drug of choice has decreased
•Cannabis is growing in preference, not significant in 2013
• Use patterns and median days remained stable (fortnightly use)
1
3 2
4.8 6.1
7.5 8.9
10.3
1 1 1 2.4
2.9 3.4 3.5 3
1988 1993 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Ever used Used last 12 months
Source: NDSHS 1988-2010
Ecstasy use declining globally but seems to be increasing in Europe
(France)
Ecstasy seizures- stable or declining since 2008
Manufacture has spread from traditional Europe
Precursors to precursors for ecstasy manufacture
• Forms of ecstasy has continued to broaden increasing use of MDMA crystals
100 100 100 98 97 95 96
19
27
47
53 53 50
1
11 14 17
26 25 27
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
% r
ep
ort
ed
us
e
pills capsules powder MDMA crystals
Source: EDRS interviews
25%
22%
16%
15%
14%
5%
3%
Methylamphetamine
Methorphan
Ecstasy (MDMA andMDEA)
Caffeine
Piperazines (TFMPP,BZP, CPCPP)
No drugs detected
Other
52%
30%
7%
4% 7%
Methorphan
Ecstasy (MDMA andMDA)
Methylamphetamine
No drugs detected
other
July 2012- June 2013
• Purity of Ecstasy is stable: ‘medium’ (42% vs. 35%)
July 2011- June 2012
Source: Victoria Police Forensic Services
11 12 9
13 17
14
24
56
48
27
20
96 95 96 94 92 94
88
69 72
89 86
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
% o
f re
sp
on
de
nts
Low easy-very easy
Source: EDRS interviews
28
6
33
15
37
16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
EPS Synthetic cannabinoids
% r
ep
ort
ed
us
e
2011 2012 2013
• EPS including synthetic cannabinoids (40% in 2012 to 44% in 2013)
• EPS purchased online is low (4%)
• EDRS is a major source in providing prevalence estimates on the use of
these drugs.
Source: EDRS interviews
Mephedrone
Health effects most of the time:
Addictive properties:
• Usual dose ≠ same effect
• Taken for longer and in larger amounts
• Continued use with physical or psychological
harm
Addictive properties:
• Usual dose ≠ same effect
• Taken for longer and in larger amounts
Factors that had ‘no influence’ on purchasing:
• Legality, ease of purchase on the internet and psychoactive effect is short
Health effects most of the time:
2C-B
Euphoria
Increased energy
Empathy with others
Urge to move/talk
No appetite
Clenching jaw
and grinding
teeth
Hard to sleep
end of
session
Visual
hallucinations
• Median days: ice/crystal 4 days, speed 3 days, base 2 days
Source: EDRS interviews
84 83 84 82
71
59
54 56
60 61
50
73 68
74
64
57
46 45 47
49 48
37
36 39 38
34
26
18 15
13 16 15
6
52
45
38
49
33
24
15 17
26 29
23
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
% r
ep
ort
ed
use
Any meth Speed Base Ice/crystal
• Price: gram speed= point of ice/crystal=
• Purity: Speed – med/high, Base – high, Ice/crystal – high (decrease 62% to 46%)
• Availability: for all forms of methamphetamine ‘easy’ to ‘very easy’ to obtain
• Customs: Detections at the border increased and are the highest reported in the last
decade.
Source: Australian Crime Commission, IDDR
27 27
41 37 40
36 39
48 46 40
36
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
% r
ep
ort
ed
use
Source: EDRS interviews
• Days of use is low (2 days)
• $300 per gram national price (no change)
• ‘Medium’ purity (44%)
• Availability (58% easy to very easy)
• Cocaine seizures in Oceania highest (1.8 tons)
28 26
32 29 28 30 34
38 46
34 43
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
% r
ep
ort
ed
use
• Median days: LSD = 3 days (low)
• Purity: high (40%)
• Availability: easy to very easy (67%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
NSW ACT VIC TAS SA WA NTQLD
51 53 52
38
25 41
40 41
% r
ep
ort
ed
use
Source: EDRS interviews
26 23 21 14 16
12 10 12 16 14
19
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
% r
ep
ort
ed
use
Source: EDRS interviews
• Use is mainly on the East coast of Australia
• Median days: Ketamine = 2 days (low)
• Purity: high (61%)
• Availability: very easy (5% in 2012 vs. 32% in 2013)
30
25 25
20 16 15
17 14
18
24
19
49 47 48 49
46
40 43
39
50
59
52
85 81
84 83 81
76
82 80
85 82
86
75 74 75 75 74 72
80 78
86 83
77
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
% r
ep
ort
ed
use
daily cannabis use daily tobacco cannabis use tobacco use
Source: EDRS interviews
• Tobacco recent and daily use declined from 2012 to 2013
Alcohol use:
recent use 97%
2x weekly,
34% zone 3+4 in AUDIT
Bingeing: 40%
70% using 4+ drugs in a binge
Injecting- lifetime (13%) recently (7%)
Exposure to injecting:
Friends that inject: a few (50%),
Offered drugs to inject: (23%)
Considered injecting a drug: no (51%)
Reason for not injecting: not preferred
route of administration, fear of needles
Maybe…curiosity, to have a stronger
drug effect.
Overdoses
recent stimulant (18%)
recent depressant (13%)
• 11% sought help for drug use
• Of those that did not, 14% thought about it but did not as they
worked it out on their own, not a priority, don’t want to stop drug
use
• Majority (74%) did see services, mostly GPs, dentist and ED
• One third reported risk problems and responsibility problems,
• A quarter reported social problems
• 5% reported legal problems
• Ecstasy – seen a re-emergence and diversification in forms, increase in availability and
purity.
• EPS – established drug class, however it is imperative to monitor and get a handle on
their effects, how they are used, why they are sought, where they are coming from.
EDRS 2014 looking into demand for these drugs and online market places
• Hallucinogens – appears to be typical use in stimulant user trajectory however, if
with similar drugs out there it blurs the distinction for people who may be given
something more potent… (such as PMA being sold as ecstasy)
• Risk behaviours – For most, excessive drug use and practices will taper with age, but
for some in this group it does not and for some the harm can have life long
consequences e.g. legal records, financial issues, severe psychological or
physical harm
Study participants
Agencies assisting with recruitment
Key experts
Agencies and individuals providing indicator data
Researchers and institutions across Australia
The NDARC team with their help with the handout and the conference
Current and previous national EDRS and IDRS coordinators
The Funders – Australian Government Department of Health & Ageing
Natasha Sindicich
([email protected]) 02 9385 0191