education adequacy : strategies for achieving reform in difficult times john poteat february 6, 2004...
TRANSCRIPT
Education Adequacy:
Strategies for Achieving Reform in Difficult Times
John Poteat
February 6, 2004
I. Who Pays for What?
II. NC’s Funding Process
III. NC’s Accountability model
What the Government Does w/ $14.7 B
93%7%
Education
HHS
Public Safety
Debt
$13.8 B
Agriculture
Commerce
Environment & NR
Clean Water Mgt.
Labor
Administration
Auditor
Cultural Resources
General Assembly
Governor
Insurance
Revenue
Treasurer
Secretary of St.
State Health Plan
Retiree Health Benefit
2001-02 Public Schools Expenditures=$8.5 B
State ($5.7 B)
#4Federal ($735 m)
#28
Local ($2.1 B)
#47
K-12 Budget Authorizations(% of General Operating Fund)
52.0%
40.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%19
70-7
119
71-7
219
72-7
319
73-7
419
74-7
519
75-7
619
76-7
719
77-7
819
78-7
919
79-8
019
80-8
119
81-8
219
82-8
319
83-8
419
84-8
519
85-8
619
86-8
719
87-8
819
88-8
919
89-9
019
90-9
119
91-9
219
92-9
319
93-9
419
94-9
519
95-9
619
96-9
719
97-9
819
98-9
919
99-0
020
00-0
120
01-0
220
02-0
320
03-0
4
% o
f sta
te b
udge
t
State Average=44%
School Finance Impact
Impact on Other Agencies
Since 1997, Teacher Pay $1.4 B
K-12 lion’s share of revenue (1% raise=$37 m)
Enrollment Growth=$125+m
ABCs bonuses=$776.5 m (equivalent to a 21% )
Education spending for K-12 & higher education=
58% of the budget
NC’s School Funding Process
Wake is 152 Times Larger Than Hyde!
Wake is 152 Times Larger Than Hyde!How Does Hyde Spend $6,000 More than Wake?
676
103,400
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
Hyde County Wake County
Hyde ($7.4 m) Wake ($673 m)Wake ($673 m)
PPE $12,779 $6,846
superintendent 1 1
teachers 76 6,372
principals 5 122
North Carolina’s Funding Process
Position
pays whatever is required
Dollar
fixed amount
Categorical
specific need or group
teacherprincipals
textbooksteacher assistants
central office administration
transportationdisabled childrenat-risk children
State will pay…
30 yr. teacher w/Ph.D. NBPTS=$58,440
new teacher=$25,250
State will pay…
textbooks=$56.50 per child
teacher assistants =$16,473
State will pay…
disabled children=$2,720 per child
2001-02 Total Local Expenditures
$0$500
$1,000$1,500$2,000$2,500$3,000$3,500$4,000$4,500$5,000$5,500
State Average=$2,172
$4,825
$621
Source: 2003 Local School Finance study
County Spending DisparitiesTop Spending County Compared w/ Bottom Spending Counties
$749
$4,825
$734
$733
$719
$680
$621
$0$500
$1,000$1,500$2,000$2,500$3,000$3,500$4,000$4,500$5,000$5,500
Tota
l Spendin
g P
er
AD
M
Caswell Graham Bertie Columbus Robeson Swain
Orange CountyBottom Six $ Counties
TOTAL=$4,236
Disparities in County Funding“… there can be nothing unconstitutional about their doing so or in an inequality of opportunity occurring
as a result.” --Leandro v. N.C. (1997)
$1,294$1,407
$1,514$1,625
$1,783$1,985
$2,247
$2,485$2,643
$2,974
$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
$3,5001
99
4
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
Spending Gap=130%
North Carolina’s ModelABCs Accountability ModelA=accountability for resultsB=focus on basicsC=local control
1996-97=K-8 schools; 1997-98 HS K-8:reading, math & writing (4 & 7)HS: 10 end-of-course tests
Growth Model—schools have targets based upon the school’s population; meet or exceed growth targets
% of Students Scoring At or Above Grade Level, Grade 3-8
63.4%66.2%
68.9% 70.9% 72.7%76.7%
79.2% 80.1% 82.0% 84.4%88.7%
52.9%55.5%58.1%60.0%61.7%66.3%69.1%69.8%71.7%
74.7%80.8%
30.1% 32.0% 34.5% 36.2% 38.4%44.7%
48.5% 49.4%52.0%
56.6%
66.9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
19
92
-93
19
93
-94
19
94
-95
19
95
-96
19
96
-97
19
97
-98
19
98
-99
19
99
-00
20
00
-01
20
01
-02
20
02
-03
% o
f S
tuden
ts
White State Black
Beginning of the ABCs K- 8 accountability model
ABCs & NCLB
Major Features/Differences…
• A Growth Model versus an Absolute Standard Model
• ABCs is based on a continuous growth
model – does one get better each year is the driving force behind the ABCs
• NCLB holds all schools to the same standard, regardless of where they are today.
ABCs & NCLB
Major Features/Differences…
ABCs Has Rewards & Consequences
Financial/recognition for success – High Growth:$1,500/Expected Growth: $750
– Since 1996-97, $776 million in bonuses
Lowest performing schools get assistance teams
NCLB has only consequences; NO Rewards
North Carolina Highlights…
• ABCs provides a roadmap for improvement
• General Assembly has appropriated additional resources for student improvement:
– Low-Wealth Supplemental funding (since 1991: $621 m)
– Financial Flexibility (83% can be transferred)
– Improving Student Accountability
– High-Priority Schools