education and learning in museum
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state-of-the-art: End of 2010TRANSCRIPT
Education and Learning in Museums 2.0
PhD Thesis "Art Museums in Web 2.0" by Bianca BocatiusInstitute of Information Science, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf
Outline
1. Lifelong Learning in Museums
2. Digital Educational Museum Service
3. Overview
4. Outlook
1. Lifelong Learning in Museums
Reasons for increasing importance of lifelong
learning (LINDE & STOCK, 2009: 205f):
Modification of knowledge
Knowledge as most important economic resource
Lifelong learning is essential for success and
development of a knowledge-based society.
1. Lifelong Learning in Museums Museum as informal learning place:
"Museums provide unique educational opportunities; their displays of objects
and their informal atmosphere not only invite learning, but also make possible
the enjoyment of learning, often for the first time […]"(AAM, 1969).
Museum as place of lifelong learning:
"Museums all over Europe have been reviewing their rôle, adding a new facet to
their mission in terms of their relationship with society and the local community
and have undertaken significant actions to become agents of social change and
social integration, bringing more people back into the learning cycle. Nowadays
it is largely recognized that most of what we learn is acquired in informal
contexts and that museums are ideal places for learning throughout life, as they
offer free choice learning and can address all age ranges" (EUROPEAN MUSEUM
FORUM (ed.), 2005: 1).
1. Lifelong Learning in Museums
Ramifications for museums:
Nowadays education and learning are the biggest
challenges for museums (DMB & BVMP (ed.), 2008:
6).
Museums as informative and communicative systems
Information and Communication Technologies enlarge the
educational support
ICT in museums: e.g. smartphones, computer-based terminals
and the Internet.
2. Digital Educational Museum Service
ASTLEITNER (2004) points out four basic
developments for learning online:
Self-directed learning
Local distance
Cooperative knowledge acquisition
Diversity for pluralistic thinking (ASTLEITNER
2004: 13f)
2. Digital Educational Museum Service The Internet is part of everyday life of most of European citizens.
Figure 1 How often do you use the Internet in your leisure time? Source: EUROPEAN COMMISSON (ed.), 2007: WWW, 16).
2. Digital Educational Museum Service
The World Wide Web developed from a static and
one-way platform to an interactive and two-way
communicative service (O'REILLY 30.09.2005:
WWW).
The Internet can now be used to grasp information
but also as a platform for self-expression (O'REILLY
30.09.2005: WWW).
Now in the time of Web 2.0 the Internet user is a
consumer and producer of content as well
(prosumer) (WEIBEL, 2007: 23).
2. Digital Educational Museum Service The digital educational museum service in
Germany can be separated into three categories: General information, such as address, contact person
and other contact details;
Specialized information about the educational service as
well as an on-line registration form, download center,
information about projects or educational programs;
Educational service and learning opportunities such as
mentioned in the second category plus information about
the collection or exhibitions, online games, databases,
online exhibitions, detailed explanations (PREHN, 2002:
WWW, 5).
2. Digital Educational Museum Service
Figure 2 Digital Educational Museum Service of the Jewish Museum Berlin (Jewish Museum Berlin, WWW. Last access: 02.09.10.)
2. Digital Educational Museum Service
Figure 3 Rafael Roth Learning Center of the Jewish Museum Berlin (Jewish Museum Berlin, WWW. Last access: 02.09.10.)
2. Digital Educational Museum Service A fourth category of the Digital Educational
Museum Service: Brooklyn Museum, New York = unit of building
and virtual counterpart with the Project "Click! A Crowd-Curated Exhibition" Web 2.0 functions and focus on communication,
interaction and participation
2. Digital Educational Museum Service
Figure 4 Click! A Crowd-Curated Exhibition, Most Discussed. (Brooklyn Museum, WWW. Last access: 08.08.10.)
Participation & Exchange
Information & Communication
Participation
Participation & Exchange
Personalization & Participation
Information & Communication & Participation
Personalization
2. Digital Educational Museum Service So what did the Brooklyn Museum provide
that can be defined as a Web 2.0 tool? Participation: open to any photographer who had
produced work with a Brooklyn theme, participation via rating, selection, comparison & tagging
Communication: blog or comment function on the photos
Personalization: MySite concept, embedding the blog in personal sites, e.g. igoogle, social bookmarking
Information: RSS function on the blog Combination of on-line and on-site activities
Web 2.0 in museums can be divided into four functional areas which represent different purposes of Web 2.0: Personalization: MySite concepts, download center,
databases, social bookmarks Information and Communication: RSS newsfeeds, podcast,
weblogs, microblogging Participation: wikis, social tagging, comment functions,
participatory projects Network and Exchange: Flickr, YouTube, MySpace,
Facebook, social bookmarks, mashups (LILL & SCHWEIBENZ, 2009: WWW, 22)
2. Digital Educational Museum Service
Figure 5 Click! A Crowd-Curated Exhibition, Real Exhibition in Online-Archive. (Brooklyn Museum, WWW. Last access: 08.08.10.)
3. Overview Benefits of the Digital Educational Museum
Service on the Internet: To guarantee public access to cultural heritage To enable visitors to prepare and review their
visits individually (connection of museum and virtual counterpart)
To offer participatory opportunities To communicate and activate dialogues To connect and expand educational work by
combining on-site and on-line activities To guarantee a communicative and participatory
relationship between the museum and its visitors on-site and on-line
4. Outlook The Museum 2.0:
Desire for a discoursive, communicative and participatory relationship between museums and their visitors
The entire Museum 2.0 is "open-minded, communicative, it opens its doors – at least virtually – to the whole world, it cooperates, it knows its visitors, it learns, it interacts directly and remains open to criticism, it wins" (HAHN, 2002: 92).
Web 2.0 is a cultural and social phenomenon, not only a technical development.
Museums are part of society and have to fulfill their required role to be accepted and valuable for society.