education development in malaysia

7/30/2019 Education Development in Malaysia

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/education-development-in-malaysia 1/27

1

EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT

IN MALAYSIA



2

PRE INDEPENDENCE

1ST STAGE

2ND STAGE

3RD STAGE

4TH STAGE

before the arrival of the British

to Malaya

From the time when Francis Lightacquired Penang (1786) until the

end of Second World War.

formation of Malayan Union in 1946till Malaya attained its independence,

1957

from 1957 – 1963 (formation of Malaysia)



3

PRE INDEPENDENCE

1ST STAGE

before the arrival of theBritish to Malaya

2ND STAGE

From the time when Francis Lightacquired Penang (1786) until theend of Second World War.



4

1400 – 1941 RELIGIOUSEDUCATION

IN SURAU/PONDOK/MOSQUE

Vernacular Malayschools were set up inthe middle of 19thcentury by the British

strongly objectedby the locals & religious teachers

Skinner introduced a system

to allow the Quran classes,after learning session – Malaystudents entered the Malayvernacular school ( especiallybefore the end of the 19thcentury).



5

set up teacher trainingcentre (Sultan IdrisTeacher’s College)

first intake in1922 underO.T. Dussek.

Vernacular Chinese and Tamilschools

policy of non-interference

Britishgovernment

1902 – policy changed – toencourage laborers fromIndia to work in Malaya.

Chinese set upschools based onChina educationsystem.

spreading the ideologyof Kuomintang

oppose the British

British passed a Registration of Schools Enactment, 1920)

close any school thatfailed to follow theconditions in the

Enactment.



6

1816- Penang FreeSchool was set upby tne missionary

English

malaychinese

tamil

Woolley Report 1877 – British financialassistance

provide Englisheducation to theupper classchildren

providecompletesecondaryschooleducation

up to primary level

futher theirstudies to higherinstitution

further studies in Chinaafter completing Senior Middle III



7

PRE INDEPENDENCE

3RD

STAGE

formation of Malayan Union in 1946till Malaya attained its indepence,

1957



8

Education System from1946-1957

Between 1942-1945,during Japanese rule, alltypes of schools wereforced to close down

return of British

proposed to form

Malayan Union(1946)

Cheeseman Report

1948- formation of the Federation of Malaya

govern. setup a Central

AdvisoryCommitteeinEducation

review theeducationpolicy undernewadministration

Holgate Report & recommendedChessman’s Plan to be accepted

Rejected byFederal LegislativeCouncil – due toobjection on theuse of English assole medium



9

Barnes EducationCommittee (1950)- to studyMalay education system

continue Malay & English schoolChinese & Tamil taught

as a subject.

(Dr. W.P. Fenn & Dr.Wu) appointed toexamine problemsin Chinese schools

Chinese Language as themedium in Chinese School,student study other

language (i.e Malay & English)

strongprotestfrom theChinese.

Special committeerecommendations – accept all suggestionin Barnes Report .

to unite people of various races inMalaya

the Education

Ordinance 1952 .

difficult to carryout (financialreasons)



10

Teacher TrainingProgramme

1946 –

1957

Normal Classes (1946)

Week-End Teachers Training Courses (1948)

Senior Normal Classes (1948)

Government sent teacher-trainees to England for formal training

Kirkby Teacher College (1951)

Brinsford LogdeTeacher College (1955)

Kota Bharu

Teacher College

(1954)

train lower secondary school

teacher.



11

4TH STAGE

from 1957 – 1963 (formation of Malaysia)

EARLY INDEPENDENCE PERIOD



12

Razak Report

(1956)

Formation of a single system of national education

Recognition of the eventual objective of making

Bahasa Malaysia the main medium of instruction.

Commencement of a Malaysia-oriented curriculum

Conception of a single system of evaluation for all

Education

Ordinance 1957



13

Rahman Talib

Report

Stress on 3R basic education, reading, writing and arithmetic.

Stress on a strong spiritual education and the desired elements of

discipline

Stress on a Malaysian curriculum

Upper secondary education of two streams, academic and vocational

Opportunity to continue education from 9 years to 11 years

Facilitation of education management procedures to improve the

overall quality of education.

Education Act 1961



14

EDUCATION SYSTEM DURING THE EARLY

INDEPENDENCE PERIOD (1957-1963)

Second Stage

- Rahman Talib Report (1961) modification from RazakReport

1. Schooling age raised to 15 years. Pupils automaticallypromoted up to lower secondary level i.e Form 3.

2. Further Education Schools were established- to cater pupils who failed

3. Examination conducted in official language only

4. Financial assistance – allocted to National SecondarySchools (SMK) & National Type Secondary School

(SMJK).5. Free education given to all lower econdary pupils

irrespected of what medium they followed.

6. Technical Secondary Schools & Vocational SecondarySchools were set up.



15

EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT AFTER

THE FORMATION OF MALAYSIA (1963 -

1975)



16

- implementation of the plannings of educationsystem which has been legalized under Education Act 1961.

-National Schools for all schools

- Medium for public examination limited toEnglish or National Language.

First Stage (1963-1965)



17

to foster unity socially, culturally & politically among various races

fulfill the requirement of ever increasing enrolments of schools pupils

To increase education opportunity in the whole country

To increase diversify in education training facilities by way of increasingfacilities in certain important fields such as agriculture, industrialscience & technology

To speed up the teacher training programme so as to produce sufficient

qualified teachers.

Second Stage (1966-1970)



18

- to fulfil the requirement of the economic development

- produce more skilled labour force according to the New EconomicPolicy (NEP) – launched early 1970’s –

-promoting unity among the various races

Third Stage (1971-1975)



19

EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT AFTER 1975

1974 – Cabinet Committee – to study the result of the implementation of NEP.

Cabinet report 1979 – Stress on 3R basic education, reading, writing and arithmetic.

– Stress on a strong spiritual education and the desired elements of discipline.

– Stress on Malaysia curriculum.

– Upper secondary education of two streams, academic and vocational.

– Opportunity to continue education from 9 years to 11 years

– Facilitation of education management procedures to improve the overallquality of education.



20

EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT AFTER 1975

implementation of KBSR (1983) & KBSM (1989)

Preschool Education

- becoming importance & expanding in eighties. – private sector,public organisation & government agencies.

Implementation of KBSR(Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah) &KBSM (Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah)



21

THE EDUCATION ACT 1995

Five Bills regarding Educations Act (tabled & passed by

Parliament in 1995 & 1996) – designed to put in order and to complete the legal aspect for higher education:

1. Education Bill 1995

2. Private Higher Education Institution Bill 19963. University Act and College-University (Amendments) Bill

1996

4. National Higher Education Council Bill 1996

5. National Acccreditation Board (LAN) Bill 1996



22


Education Bill 1995 – Legislated basically on the principles and

ideologies of Razak Report, Rahman Talib

Report and the objectives of philisophy of

education, designed according to the national

vision.

– Main aim-to consolidate & strengthen the

National Education System



23


Private Higher Education Institution Bill 1996

– Specially applied to Private Higher EducationInstitutions.

– Main aim – to increase the opportunity for students to obtain higher education by allowingprivate colleges & universities to set upaccording to the laws stated in the Education

Act.



24


University Act and College-University

(Amendments) Bill 1996

– Legislated with the aim to speed up the process of corporatization & privatization of hogher education

institution in Malaysia as well as to stream line its

administration so that these universities could become

international centres of academic excellence.



25


National Higher Education Council Bill 1996

– Aim – determining the right direction of developmentfor institution of higher eduction in Malaysia.

– Committee set up by the Minister of Education would

be empowered fo plan, formulate and determine the

policies so that the development could be monitored.



26


National Acccreditation Board (LAN) Bill 1996

– Main aim - to ensure that all institution of higher learning both government & private, strive to achieve

a certain minimum standard and quality for every

academic course offered.



27

ISL Task

In groups of 3,

Build a mind map branches of philosophy.

- Perennialism- Essentialism

- Progressivism

- Reconstructivism- Existentialism

education development in malaysia

Documents