Education System in USA

Fact File of USA

Official name- United States of America

Continent-North America Area- 9,629,091 km2

Latitude – 39.828127 N Longitude – 98.579404 W

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Population- 320,351,371 Population density- 88.6 per sq kilometer

Language- No official language! English, Spanish, Hawaiian, Indo- European

Moto In God We Trust

Values and ethics Secularism

Control over Environment

Respects Everyone’s Root Culture

Practice Human Rights

Individualism

Democracy

Administration of Education System in USA

Federal Gov : 10% budget, Determine Age group, International Standardized Tests, determine some value and ethics

State and local Gov: budgeting 60%, curriculum, curriculum, test books, learning Standers, years of compulsory education,

Local School District: budgeting 30%, teaching Strategies, subjects to be Taught, Assessment Strategy

Education Policies-Laws

• No Child Left Behind Act- 2001

• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)- 2004

Every child has the right to accessNo child will be left behindAssessment every yearEvery school has to perform better than the previous year

Individual with disabilities must have accessProper placement the Disabled onesPre set teaching methods for individuals

Patterns Usually Prevails in the Community 18171615

GRADE 12GRADE 11GRADE 10GRADE 9

HIGH SCHOOL 4 YEARS

141312

GRADE 8GRADE 7GRADE 6

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 3 YEARS

1110987

GRADE 5GRADE 4GRADE 3GRADE 2GRADE 1

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 5 YEARS

65 KINDERGARTEN 2 YEARS43 PRE-SCHOOL 2 YEARS

AGE

Primary Education Pre-school (age 3-4)

Kindergarten (age 5-6)

Elementary (age 6-11)

Pre-Primary Kindergarten Elementary

Subjects Taught

Focus on WRITING

•Alphabet•Shapes

Focus on READING

•Math•Science•language

• Science• Mathematics• Social studies

•Environmental edu• Health education

• Language• Fine Arts• Physical

Development• Music• History • Geography

Types of schools in USA• Majority of school types• Majority of student Enrollment

(49 million)• No tuition fee required • Depend on local, state and

federal funding• Religion free • Types- Public School

• Religious and non-sectarian• Minority of student (6 million)• Require tuition fee• Depend on religious org,

endowments, grand, donations• Types-

Private School• Online tutoring, family or private

tutor• Practice family religious and

moral values• Follow state curriculum and

family requirements• In some case Homeschooled

students have to face state-administered placement tests

• A growing number of student (1.5 million)

Home Schooling

Charter School

Magnet School

Independent schoolParochial schoolProprietary school

Assessment System

Benchmark assessment State Based

AssessmentNational Based

Assessment

International assessment

FormativeSchool based assessmentNumber or Alphabet Grading

Summative starts from grade 3Grading

SummativeStarts from grade 4CRT, NRT test

SummativeStarts from grade 4PIRLS, IMSS, SAT tests

Assessment

Assessment MethodsObserving and recording student

achievementMapping progress pen/pencil and paper testingExhibitions and demonstrationsPortfolio Teacher-created testsRubricsSelf- and peer-evaluation

Assessment typesVisual Arts ObservationEssaysInterviewsPerformance tasksReading writing testAttitude testStandardized test

Secondary Education

Outline of Secondary Education

Duration: 6/7/8 years

Age Group: 12/13/14-18

Medium of Instruction: American English Also Used: French, Spanish, Hawaiian, Native American

Two Main Levels:Middle School/ Junior High: Grade 5/6- 8/9High School/ Senior High: grade 9/10-12

Subjects Taught

Core Courses:EnglishMathematics (Pre Algebra, Algebra-1, Algebra-2,

Trigonometry)Social Studies ( Geography, History, Us History,

Economics)Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)

Foreign Languages ( French, Spanish, Latin, German)

Advanced/ Additional Study Options (AP Courses)

Courses Related AP Courses

Science Geology, Anatomy, Astrology, Health Science, Environmental Science, Forensic Science

Mathematics Calculus, Statistics, Discrete Math

Social Studies Law, Criminal Justice, Psychology, Sociology

English Public Speaking, Journalism

Elective CoursesArea SubjectsVisual Arts Drawing, Painting, Sculpture, Photography, Film Study, Art History

Performing Arts

Choir, Drama, Guitar, Dancing, Orchestra, Band

Vocational Education

Woodwork, Metalwork, Computer-aided Drafting, Cosmetology, Agriculture, Automobile Repairing

Computer Science/ IT

We design, Video Game Design, Word Processing, Graphic design, Film Production, Music Production, Web Programming

Journalism/ Publishing

School Newspaper, Yearbook, Television Production

Business Studies

Accounting, Data Processing, Entrepreneurship, Management, Marketing, Finance, Business, ICT, Secretarial

Family and Consumer Science

Nursing, Culinary, Child Development, Weight Management

Types of Schools

Public SchoolsCharter SchoolsMagnet SchoolsUniversity Preparatory Schools/ Prep Schools Home Schooling

Teaching Learning Strategies• Lecture• Demonstration• Experiment• Case Study• Team Project• Collaborative Group Works• Massive Use of Technology • Assignment/Project Work• Practical/Hands on Activities• Field Trips

Teaching Learning Strategies (Cont.)

Focus: Inclusiveness of learningDiverse learners- diverse teachingEngaging studentsConstructing practical skillsDeveloping leadershipCreating Technologically skilled citizensEnhancing collaboration, social harmony

Technology in Education

Thousands of Online- Schools (K-12)

Colleges Universities

Diploma courses Professional Courses

Technology in Education (Cont.)

Contributions: Enhancing physical with virtual Distance learning Virtual schooling Virtual internship Institutionalizing subjects like Film Making, Video Games

Designing etc at school level Continuing and independent learning

Uses of Technology in Classrooms

Used tools/Technologies: Computer Laptop Cell Phones Wireless Microphones Interactive Screens/Whiteboards ipad Class Blogs and Wikis Digital Textbooks Online Study Tools Learning Games

Latest Uses of Technology

Innovations Uniquely diversified education system AP courses Honors Classes for the motivated and Gifted Massive online courses and degrees Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) No Child Left Behind Act Innovative and practical courses at school level Magnet School Charter School Summer School Home Schooling

USA vs BangladeshArea of Comparison

USA Bangladesh

Compulsory Education

K-12 Up to grade 5

Centralization Highly decentralized Centralized

Streams Not streams , but different kinds of schools

Bengali Medium, English Medium and Madrasa education

Curriculum Not fixed, highly diversified and vast

Accords by a national curriculum

Area of Comparison

USA Bangladesh

Teachers’ Qualification Requires to be highly qualified for each particular levels

Teachers’ qualification and training is always under question

Assessment CRT, NRT, PIRLS, Benchmark ( highly diversified methods & formats)

PSC, JSC, SSC, HSC(structured questions)

Uses of Technology The contents, teaching learning process and the educational environment is highly depended upon technology

Still lagging far behind in this aspect

Worthwhile Features

Extreme diversification of the education system

AP CoursesHome schoolingVast private investment in schooling

Lessons to be Learnt Extended compulsory education Diversification of education according to needs Interactive, collaborative and practical teaching learning

activities Enhancing Private investment in education Introducing truly inclusive education system Online courses, distance and independent learning Empowering the youth through education

Action Aid at a glance… Name: Action Aid International Founder: Cecil Jackson-Cole Formed: 1972 Purpose: Action Aid is a global movement of

people working together to further human rights for all and defeat poverty

Headquarter: Johannesburg Chief Executive: Adriano Campolina Region served: Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia,

the Middle East, Americas

Short introduction of Action Aid... Action Aid is an international non-governmental

organization whose primary aim is to fight poverty and injustice worldwide.

Action Aid was created as a child sponsorship charity when 88 UK supporters sponsored 88 children in India and Kenya, the focus primarily being to provide children with an education.

Action Aid helping over 15 million impoverished and disadvantaged people in 45 countries worldwide.

Though its head office is located in South Africa it has hubs in Asia, The Americas and Europe.

The international functions for campaigning and fundraising are based in the UK.

Vision…A world without poverty and injustice in which every person enjoys their right to a life with dignity

Mission…To work with poor and excluded people to eradicate poverty and injustice.

Values…Mutual respectEquity and justiceHonesty and transparencySolidarity with the poorCourage of convictionIndependenceHumility

Action Aid's work…

fighting poverty across the globe

promoting and secure poor and

marginalized communities basic rightsTo achieve its mission, Action Aid also works in the following areas:

• Women's rights• Education• Food rights

• Democratic Governance• Emergencies and conflict• Climate change• YouthIt is also currently focused on 2 international campaigns:• Tax Power • Land For Communities

Contd.

Women's rights…(Right to education)

Support excluded and disadvantaged groups, especially girls, in gaining access to the quality education which is their right

Promote the rights of all learners within education systems and ensure that both boys and girls understand women's rights, and discrimination and violence are eliminated.

Partners they work with…

Local community-based organizations and NGOs International NGOs Social movements Networks Academic institutions Government Private sector

Action Aids Educational Work…

Education – especially that of girls and women –

saves lives, reduces inequality andtransforms communities.

Their education work focuses on four key areas:

Promoting rights in schools

Girl's education & violence

Financing education

Empowerment through literacy

Action Aid in Bangladesh

Action Aid Bangladesh

Action Aid Bangladesh starting its journey with a very minimalist approach today has become a relatively important player of the vibrant NGO movement that seeks to fight poverty in the country.

Action Aid came to Bangladesh in 1983 to support an orphanage in Bhola locally known as ‘Bittohin’

accelerate support for anti–poverty initiatives

improve sustainable development to create a confident and responsible nation

Create a indignity and poverty free country Present Country Director of Action Aid

Bangladesh is Farah Kabir

Food shortage Child labor Inclusive societyFocuses on long-term rehabilitation activities Introduce alternative earning way in Sex worker community where children suffer from social taboosProtecting rights of women River erosion and early marriage issuesIndigenous communities are deprived from government’s safety-net

Working Sector of Action Aid BangladeshAccess to Common Food ResourseCommunity AdaptionCommunication for DevelopmentCyclone RecoveryFood Security NetworkHappy HomesLEADERParibarvittik Jeboo-boichitro GramRemoving Cultural Barriers IVResponsible and Accountable GarmentsSustainable Agriculture for Monga Mitigation

Running Projects InBangladeshShapla KuriPeach With EarthLEADERPower In Women!

Action Aid’s Educational Works in Bangladesh

• Providing educational activities in Four areas 1. Programmatic activities

2. Community related activities

3. Quality education & governance related activities

4. Others

Working sectors in USA…o Biofuelso Climate Changeo Food and Agricultureo Emergencieso Haiti Advocacyo Land Rightso Tax Justiceo Women’s Rights

Action Aids Contribution in Some Policy Making in Bangladesh: The Policies are- Paribarik Nirzaton(Domon o Niontron) law-

2010 Nagoricotto songshodhoni law-2009 Toiri Poshak Shilpe Nunotomo Mojuri protha

proborton, 2010 Bangladesh e fire service o civil defense e

volunteer group toiri, 2010 Review and Reformation of Disaster

Management law- 2010

Lesson to be learnt

Creating awareness Sustainable development Empowering people

ARTICLE No- 1

Educational Policies and Content in Developing Countries

By JACQUES HALLAK

THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION SYSTEM

Quantitative Development:• Access to Basic Education• Enrolment of Girls & Migrant Population• Increase in Secondary Enrolments• Higher Education Enrolment More Than Double Qualitative Conditions:• Decline in Educational performance• Persistence of Difficulty

KEY FACTORS

Budgetary Constraints Role of International AidHuman Resources

EDUCATIONAL POLICIESFactors Affecting Their Development:

Economic & Financial Factors External Financial bodies International Conferences Globalization Decentralization of Administration

NEW PROSPECTS

Priority for Higher Education Secondary Education in Search of an Identity Social Functions of Higher Education Education Throughout Life

GLOBALIZATION:Result of Interlocking of the Economic & Financial Sectors

Consequences of Globalization:• Emergence of “Knowledge Societies”• Transformation of the Nature of Work• Increase in Social Exclusion

DEVELOPMENTS BY GLOBALIZATION

Exchange of Experiences About Educational policies

Convergence of Curricula Convergence of Areas of Concerns

AREAS OF CONCERNS Relating to structures Basic Education and the Alternatives Levels or Cycles Secondary Education as a Complete or Preparatory Course Initial and Continuing Training

Relating to implementation

Relating to Methods Design of Curricular Framework Replacement of “Uniform Contents” Introducing New Disciplines Basic Skills for Initial and Continuing Training Correction of Overloaded Curricula Redefining the Role of Teachers Relating to implementation Responsibility for Educational Content Keeping Policy Decisions at the Centre Co-ordination between Ministry of Education and Others Ministries Organizing Teachers Forums Distribution of Tasks between Trainers and New Technologies

REAL QUESTIONS & UNCERTAIN REPLIES

Presented by Group 8

Rabeya Sultana

014-563

Israt Jahan 014-564

Monira Akter 014-565

Shobhana Alam 014-544