educational diversification and its impact on national development by sajjad ahmad awan phd scholar...

BySajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE Planning

Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE Planning 1

Creation of a Sound Mind in a Sound Body (Aristotle)

The development of all those capabilities in the individual which will enable him to control his environment and fulfill possibilities.


Philosophical Psychological Scientific Socio-economic


A. Towards an Individual: Growth and Development Direction and Guidance Preparation for Future Life

B. Towards Society: Maintenance of the continuity of

Physical and Social Life Conservation of Culture Progress of Civilization



EDUCATION

Physical Activities Spiritual Activities

Care of Body Skills Intellectual Moral

Aesthetics Religion

A critical input in Socio-Economic Development – An investment

Has definite impact on the productivity of the Individuals

It has become a priority item on the agenda of all the development agencies including UNDP, ADB, and UNESCO.


Moving from lesser/lower level to higher/better/positive level both in Qualitative and Quantitative progress.

In UNESCO’s view, “ Development embraces all aspects of life. It is directed towards satisfying the needs and aspirations of people, taking into account their actual circumstances, cultural values and their cultural choices”.


1. More Employment.2. Decrease in inequality in

distribution of resources.3. Change in Attitude.4. Betterment of life Spiritually and

Materially/Financially.


Life Sustenance: possible to live – basic needs: Food,

shelter. Security/safety. Self-Esteem:

To be a person: self respect, and not to be exploited.

Freedom from servitude:To be able to choose: All natural,

health, and social constraints should be eliminated. There should be no prejudices. People must be aware of opportunities and could make choices.


1. Availability of life sustaining goods and their equitable distribution.

2. Raise level of living:• Create more jobs• Give greater value to humanistic

values• Higher income• Better education• Better teachers…………..

3. Expand range of economic and social choices:

Freedom from external dependence through more jobs…


To be addressed:1. Growth in GDP and GNP2. Inequality and poverty3. Population and fertility4. Internal migration5. Rural development6. External/international

migration/intellectual dependence and the brain drain.


Great economic movements have always been accompanied by an expansion in Education. (Faure)

Requirements of Economic development and the appearance of new employment possibilities are a strong stimulus to expansion.


This new demand is created by the following groups:

1. Out-of-School youth.2. Young educated people who find

their education as irrelevant to the economic situation.

3. Professionals who find their training as out dated.


All kinds of education may not prove to be equally contributive to the Development.

Therefore: Introduction to Non-Formal

Education Training for Employment


1. Functional Literacy2. Out-of-school Vocational Training3. Practical Training

One common characteristic of all these programs

is the fact that they play a compensatory role

because the school is no longer considered to be

capable of satisfying the entire spectrum ofincreasingly diversified educational needs

of avariety of clientele.


CONTRIBUTION OF DIVERSIFICATIONOF EDUCATION TO THE DEVELOPMENTPROCESS:

a. Job opportunitiesb. Worker’s productivityc. Local technological creativity d. Equalization of incomes and

individual status.


Short term and long term effects Need to distinguish between the

effects of an educative activity on the individuals themselves and its impact on society as a whole.

Expected and unintended effects.


Effects on Equality of Educational Opportunity.

Effects on the Educational Level and its relevance.

Effects on pedagogical Practice Effects on overall resources

available for and on the reduction of unit costs.


Economic EffectsEffects on Job OpportunitiesEffects on worker’s productivityEffects on Local technological

creativity. Effects on Equalization of

Incomes and Individual Status Socio-cultural Effects Coordinating the Diversified

Educational field and the role of Educational Planner.
