educational process through cai canadian experience
DESCRIPTION
International Conference on Higher Education, Cultures and Literature: Canada and India Organized by The Center for Canadian Studies (CCS) Department of English - UOMTRANSCRIPT
International Conferenceon
Higher Education, Cultures and Literatures: Canada and
IndiaOrganized by
The Centre for Canadian Studies (CCS)Department of English - UOM
Venue :
University of Mysore Manasagangotri
Mysore- 570 006, Karnataka, INDIA
30th November - 1st December, 2012
Dr. K.B. PraveenaAsst Professor, Department of Studies in Education, Mysore University, [email protected]
Hamid Mohammad Azimi,Research Scholar, Department of Studies in Education Mysore University, [email protected]
04/10/23
5
Educational Process Through CAI: Canadian Experience
Title of Presentation:
Technology in the information revolution has provided many unique benefits to instructional programs.
The pace of change and progress in education are slower than
the pace of change and progress in Society generally and in
technology in particular.
The world is on its way in molding the education and the
educational system in order to meet
the present day needs and aspirations
of the people.
04/10/23
Computers as IT and ICT age
symbols are an integral part of
our everyday life. We use them
when we go to work, use a credit
card, check out a book at a library,
get a driver’s license etc. They have also
become the source of one of the biggest
controversies in education in recent years.
Many research studies on Usage of Technology in
Teaching leraning Process : Cheng & Liou, 2000; Egbert, 2002;Kramsch & Andersen, 1999; LeLoup & Ponterio, 2003; Williams & Williams, 2000
suggest that integration of technology can improve academic performance, enhance motivation, and promote learning.
Although traditional ways of instruction are widely accepted in teaching and learning environments.
- Computer-Based Education (CBE)
- Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)
- Computer-Assisted Instruction
(CAI)
- Computer Aided Instruction (CAI)
- Computer-Managed Instruction
(CMI)
- Computer-Assisted Language
Learning (CALL)
Computer-based education (CBE) and computer-based instruction (CBI) are the broadest terms and can refer to virtually any kind of computer use in educational settings.
Computer-Managed Instruction(CMI)
is an instructional strategy whereby the computer is used to provide learning objectives, learning resources, record keeping, progress tracking, and assessment of learner performance.
Computer based tools and applications are used to assist the teacher or school administrator in the management of the learner and instructional process.
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
• Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is an interactive instructional technique whereby a computer is used to present the instructional material and monitor the learning that takes place.
The use of computers in education started in the 1960s.
Instructional computers are basically used in one of two ways:
either they provide a
straightforward presentation of data
or they fill a tutorial role in which the
student is tested on comprehension.
CAI
can be classified into five categories
(techniques) in terms of functional
aspects;
1. Drill and Practice2. Tutorial Programs3. Simulation Programs4. Instructional Games5. Problem Solving Programs
1. Drill and Practice
2. Tutorial Programs
3. Simulation Programs
4.Instructional Games
5. Problem Solving Programs
Experience of Canada in Computer in CAI
• Until 1977, when fully assembled, low-cost microcomputers became generally available, most CAI activities were centered either in post-secondary institutions or in business and industry.
• As programming and problem-solving applications evolved and developed, many universities, colleges and technical institutes established academic computing centers and teaching departments of computing science.
As an example, the University of
Waterloo is a world leader in the
design of student compilers and
interpreters.
Waterloo's compilers and interpreters run on many varieties of computers and are used daily by students at universities and colleges worldwide (ROMANIUK,2012).
In 1968, under the direction of Dr. Steve Hunka, the first major CAI project in Canada was initiated in the Faculty of Education at the University of Alberta.
• In this project, an experimental computer-based instructional system, the IBM 1500 system, was installed; IBM only produced 20 such systems.
The IBM 1500 was used at the U of A for research and development for 12 years and was replaced by a Control Data Corporation PLATO System.
• COMIT was a sophisticated system of computer-assisted instruction developed jointly by IBM and the University of Waterloo in Canada.
• It emphasized unique audiovisual capabilities of the television set and light pens. The project ran until 1978.
In 1977 With the Canadian federal Department
of Communications, TVOntario (TVO) pioneered the use of satellites for educational teleconferencing and direct-to-home transmission through the Hermes project. The experiment allowed students in California and Toronto to interact via electronic classrooms.
Most elementary and secondary schools continue to operate a traditional, lock-step grade system in which there is very little incentive to use new instructional techniques to decrease learning time for individual students.
Because of this and, also, due to the high cost of acquiring CAI curriculum materials, elementary and secondary schools emphasize learning with computers rather than learning through computers.
• TLM (The Learning Manager) was released in 1980 and included distinct roles for students, instructors, educational assistants, and administrators.
• Originally called LMS (Learning Management System), TLM was used extensively at SAIT (Southern Alberta Institute of Technology) and Bow Valley College, both located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
(a cooperative USA university computer network),founded by a consortium of US and Canadian universities, allowed universities to connect with each other for educational communications and e-mail. At its peak in 1991, it had over 500 organizations as members and over 3000 nodes. Its use declined as the World Wide Web grew.
in 1991
BITNET
June 30, 2000: Blackboard Inc. file a
patent application relating to "Internet-
based education support systems and
methods.
• During 2005, about 26 per cent of adult Canadians went on-line for education, training, or school work.
• In 2006, virtually all schools in Canada had computers, providing one computer for five students.
• Ninety-eight per cent of schools had an Internet connection.
• Teaching-learning process is increasingly moving online especially in Canada
• People now access the Internet more on mobile devices than on their desktops or laptops, a trend that will only continue to grow with increased smart phone penetration globally.
