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What is Education ?• Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training or research.• Education is “ Preparing a person to face everyday life”

Education Today Today’s education system in India is challenging but

needs some changes.The education system in India puts more emphasis on

the theoretical knowledge than the practical.The Quality of the education must be improved rather

than the Quantity.

Memorizing for mere marks is not learning until , it applied in the form of creativity, problem solving and better innovation techniques.But our education is full of outdated theory where there is no word for creativity. Let me inform you some facts, India is going to experience a paradox where 90 million people joining the workforce will lack requisite skills.India got freedom since 1947, but our education system denies freedom of thought, so the art of innovation vanishes . There is only a miniscule encouragement to pursue creativity.What the government is not realizing is the importance of education which is a source of human capital. An entirely new approach has to be adopted which focuses upon innovation and practical aspects of education.

RESERVATION POLICIES

IN INDIA

Do we still need a reservation or quota system in India ?Whether to have a reservation/quota system or not is still a debatable question in India. The Indian Constitution has a law for the same and according to this; reservation has been made to bring underprivileged classes at par with privileged or general ones. There are numerous reservations like reservation for women, reservation for physically challenged, reservation for economically backward class, reservation for Scheduled Castes etc. Though, reservation system is an evident discrimination, but it had been started with a very good objective of uplifting the socially backward society to give them equality of opportunities. But with time its meaning and the way it has been taken by the people has left many of us to believe that it has stopped delivering for what it was made. People have started misusing it. There are many examples of people making false documents just to get a seat in a college or a job. This leaves the more eligible candidate to give their seat to a person belonging to a reserve category

Introduction• Reservation introduced for the equal progress of all

the sections of the society.• General category people have started to feel that

they are being subjugated.• The candidate who is the most worthy based on

the merit should get the opportunity irrespective of his caste and religion.

Drawbacks • Present education system focuses more on scores rather

than knowledge.• It’s having 90% theoretical subjects. Even remaining 10%

practical subjects are of limited experiments and of expected output.• There is no scope for students to do experiments on their

own.• Some colleges are not conducting practicals. Instead, they

are giving full marks and allotting that time to mug up theoretical subjects.

* In the end, students are coming out of schools and colleges only having bookish knowledge in the mind as the method of learning doesn’t connect to reality.

* There is so much meaningless pressure on students because of the too much competitive spirit in between private institutions.

* Children in school are not being guided well about careers. They hardly know about what the options available in career except doctors and engineers. Because of that they are taking courses of their parent’s choice (mostly) after coming out of schools. They even don’t know what career options available with that course.

* Many schools are not concentrating on extra curricular activities. This may lead to the false assumption in children that only education is important in life.

* Some teachers are giving marks based on the no. of papers rather than the content. Thereby students will try to fill papers instead of focusing on to write the actual answer. 

* There are some cases that students are giving up their lives as they are unable to cope up with too much pressure laid on them by private schools and colleges.

Background• STs (Scheduled Tribe) are the tribes that are not confirmed

to Hinduism.• SCs (Scheduled caste) are the lower castes in the caste-

hierarchy of the Hindu culture.• Article 46 of the Indian Constitution :- Educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people (SCs and STs) should be preserved and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.

BACKGROUND• What do you think about reservations in the Indian education system ?• a) I am ok with it• b) It needs to go.• c) It is ok but it needs changes.

Current situation • Total reservation quota stands at 45% in many stares of

India and this includes the SCs, STs, and the OBCs.• Since economic status is not a test used, undeserving

people gain the advantages and the deserving ones are still without a significant change in their situations.

Current situation • Mandal Commission Report of 1991 was in favour of

reservations in higher education and government services for the other backward classes of India.• The current slogan in India seems to be “abolish

reservation because merit and efficiency are in danger”

Types of reservation a) Caste Based:Caste is decided based on birth ,and can never be changed. A person can change his religion, and his economic status can fluctuate , the caste is permanent.b) Management Quota:It is a quota based on economic status irrespective of caste, race and religion; anybody who has money can buy his/ her seat.c) Gender Based:The women’s reservation Bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 9 March 2010 by a majority vote of 186 members in favor and 1 against.

Types of reservationd) Religion based:Government says that this sub-quota is based on the backwardness of the religious communities and not on the religions themselves.e) State of Domicile:Most of the jobs under state government are reserved to those who are domiciles under that government.f) Undergraduate colleges:Institutes like JIPMER (Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research) have a policy of reserving postgraduate seats for those who completed their MBBS in JIPMER.

Types of reservation g) Other criteria: 1) Sons/Daughters/ Grandsons/ Granddaughters of Freedom Fighters. 2) Physically handicapped 3) Sports personalities 4) Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) have a small fraction of reserved seats in educational institutions. They have to pay more fees and pay in foreign currency. 5) Seat reservation for senior citizens/ PH in public Bus transport

Reservation Vs No-Reservation• “Do we need talent or reservations to build our country?”• Reservation is diluting the quality of education.• Many capable candidates are today denied opportunity

simply because of shortage of seats.• India does not have the money or resources to increase the

number of seats in our professional colleges.

Reservation vs no-reservation• Some sections of the opponents feel reservation to be

acceptable on economic criteria rather than caste.• Reservations were part of the constitution when it was

released in 1950.• It was introduced as a temporary measure to promote

equality among all the sections of the society.

Supporters of reservation • Reservation is a political necessity, required for peace

keeping in India.• Reservations are a means to increase representation of

the present under-represented caste groups and thereby improve diversity on campus.• General category people have never known to go backward

due to reservation.

Non –supporters of reservation• Allocating quotas is a form of discrimination which is

contrary to the right to equality.• 60% of India that is rural needs schools, health care and

infrastructure in rural areas, not reservation in urban institutions.• Under graduates and graduates will start moving to foreign

universities for higher education.

Consequences• Most students from backward castes do not reveal the truth

about their parents income and get the scholarships for education that they wouldn’t get normally.• The government wants to give opportunities to the

backward castes to earn salaries like IIT&IIM graduates but this should not happen at the cost of the quality of education.

CONSEQUENCES • Do you feel the current reservation system is hampering the country’s

progress?• a) Yes• b) No

Consequences • Have you ever suffered any loss due to the

reservation system ?• a) Yes• b) No

What constitution says ?India’s constitution guarantees “equal rights.”• Article 14 says that the state

gives to every person “equality before the law” and “equal protection of the laws.”

• Article 15 prohibits discrimination against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, etc.

• Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment, etc.

• Article 46 says “The state shall promote with special care the education and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people ,and in particular of the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.”

Solutions • Just three causes will change the reservation attitude in India:1. Reservation on the collective salary of family, that is salary

of husband and wife, and incomes derived from all other sources like gifts or income from joint family property.

2. The benefit of the reservation for only first 2 children of the family.

3. Creation of online database so every Indian will know which family is enjoying the benefits of reservation in education or job or women reservation.

Solutions :• Teachers must say the purpose of education to the children of school level.• Teachers must encourage the children to understand the concept and to write it in their

own words in exam.• Every theoretical subject must have practicals if possible.• Communication skills and reasoning must be a subject from school level.• There must be seminars and projects from schooling to make students understand the

subjects rather than mugging up.• Personality development classes and extra curricular activities must be compulsory.• Jobs should be provided based on knowledge rather than percentages.• In practical examinations, marks should be given for the process rather than output.• The method of teaching and lessons in subjects must be modified. They must be in a way

to understand real world.• Career guidance must be there in schooling.

Solutions • Do you feel India will ever let go of the reservation system?• a) Yes• b) No

Conclusion• Taking into consideration all the points we can conclude that

reservations were introduced in the Indian Education system as a means for the overall development of the society.• However , today all sections of the society have been developed

economically, culturally and socially.• Hence, the need for reservations is limited.• Complete elimination of reservations is not possible considering

the current political scenario.• Hence, reservation should ben provided to the people who really

need it and those people should be tracked regularly.

Conclusion :-     

• Govt. must concentrate on modifying the education system to give wonderful life for students. There is a role of educational institutions too to improve the method of teaching. A good education system leads to a good society.